Quand se méfier des résultats des micro et macrobiopsies guidées mammaires

Resume Le developpement des techniques de prelevements guides a largement contribue au diagnostic precoce des cancers du sein en aval du depistage. Neanmoins, dans un faible pourcentage de cas les resultats histologiques ne sont pas satisfaisants du fait de faux negatifs lies a l’inexperimentation du preleveur ou surtout d’un echantillonnage insuffisant particulierement pour les microcalcifications avec un taux de sous-estimation des hyperplasies canalaires atypiques de 20 % avec des macrobiopsies a 11G et dans ces cas, les prelevements doivent etre repetes. En cas de discordance avec l’imagerie ou de lesion d’hyperplasie epitheliale atypique, la reprise chirurgicale est imperative afin de ne pas manquer ou sous evaluer une lesion maligne. Si la reprise chirurgicale des hyperplasies canalaires atypiques est indiscutable, demeurent les controverses concernant les cicatrices radiaires, les lesions papillaires, l’hyperplasie lobulaire atypique et les cancers lobulaires in situ posant le probleme non resolu des surveillances de certaines anomalies benignes. Une meilleure connaissance des limites des techniques de prelevements tissulaires percutanes doit permettre d’affiner les indications, ameliorer la selection des patientes et ainsi reduire les retards diagnostiques.

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