Measurement of antigen–antibody interactions with biosensors

The introduction in 1990 of a new biosensor technology based on surface plasmon resonance has revolutionized the measurement of antigen–antibody binding interactions. In this technique, one of the interacting partners is immobilized on a sensor chip and the binding of the other is followed by the increase in refractive index caused by the mass of bound species. The following immunochemical applications of this new technology will be described: (1) functional mapping of epitopes and paratopes by mutagenesis; (2) analysis of the thermodynamic parameters of the interaction; (3) measurement of the concentration of biogically active molecules; (4) selection of diagnostic probes. Copyright © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

[1]  D G Myszka,et al.  Kinetic analysis of macromolecular interactions using surface plasmon resonance biosensors. , 1997, Methods in enzymology.

[2]  M. V. Van Regenmortel,et al.  Kinetic and functional mapping of viral epitopes using biosensor technology. , 1995, Virology.

[3]  M. V. Van Regenmortel,et al.  Mapping of viral conformational epitopes using biosensor measurements. , 1995, Journal of immunological methods.

[4]  Magnus Malmqvist,et al.  Biospecific interaction analysis using biosensor technology , 1993, Nature.

[5]  D Altschuh,et al.  Functional mapping of conserved residues located at the VL and VH domain interface of a Fab. , 1996, Journal of molecular biology.

[6]  Andrew D. Griffiths,et al.  By–Passing Immunization: Building High Affinity Human Antibodies by Chain Shuffling , 1992, Bio/Technology.

[7]  Malmqvist,et al.  Epitope Mapping by Label-Free Biomolecular Interaction Analysis , 1996, Methods.

[8]  M. V. Van Regenmortel,et al.  Antigenic mimicry of natural L-peptides with retro-inverso-peptidomimetics. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[9]  A. Tamura,et al.  Significant discrepancies between van't Hoff and calorimetric enthalpies. , 1995, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[10]  I. Chaiken,et al.  Analysis of macromolecular interactions using immobilized ligands. , 1992, Analytical biochemistry.

[11]  J. Grosclaude,et al.  Topology of bovine rotavirus (RF strain) VP6 epitopes by real-time biospecific interaction analysis. , 1994, Virology.

[12]  D. Altschuh,et al.  Uses of biosensors in the study of viral antigens. , 1997, Immunological investigations.

[13]  G. Winter,et al.  Antibody framework residues affecting the conformation of the hypervariable loops. , 1992, Journal of molecular biology.

[14]  D. Myszka,et al.  Kinetic analysis of macromolecular interactions using surface plasmon resonance biosensors. , 1997, Current opinion in biotechnology.

[15]  M. V. Van Regenmortel,et al.  Uses of biosensor technology in the development of probes for viral diagnosis. , 1996, Clinical and diagnostic virology.

[16]  B. Nall,et al.  Diffusion-limited rates for monoclonal antibody binding to cytochrome c. , 1992, Biochemistry.

[17]  S. Smith‐Gill,et al.  Experimental analysis by site-directed mutagenesis of somatic mutation effects on affinity and fine specificity in antibodies specific for lysozyme. , 1992, Journal of immunology.

[18]  J. Sturtevant.  The thermodynamic effects of protein mutations , 1994 .

[19]  T. Bhat,et al.  Bound water molecules and conformational stabilization help mediate an antigen-antibody association. , 1994, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[20]  J. Ladbury,et al.  Water mediated protein‐DNA interactions: The relationship of thermodynamics to structural detail , 1996, Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society.

[21]  R. Karlsson,et al.  Analysis of active antibody concentration. Separation of affinity and concentration parameters. , 1993, Journal of immunological methods.

[22]  E. Eisenstein,et al.  The effect of water activity on the association constant and the enthalpy of reaction between lysozyme and the specific antibodies D1.3 and D44.1 , 1996, Journal of molecular recognition : JMR.

[23]  R. Karlsson,et al.  Detection of antigen—antibody interactions by surface plasmon resonance. Application to Epitope Mapping , 1990, Journal of molecular recognition : JMR.

[24]  M. Lehtinen,et al.  Synthetic peptides as diagnostic tools in virology. , 1993, Advances in virus research.

[25]  M. Malmqvist,et al.  Biomolecular Interaction Analysis , 1994 .

[26]  G. Zeder‐Lutz,et al.  Cross-reactivity of monoclonal antibodies to a chimeric V3 peptide of HIV-1 with peptide analogues studied by biosensor technology and ELISA. , 1994, Journal of immunological methods.

[27]  M H Van Regenmortel,et al.  Antibody affinity measurements , 1990, Journal of molecular recognition : JMR.

[28]  F. Brown,et al.  Enhanced immunogenicity and cross-reactivity of retro-inverso peptidomimetics of the major antigenic site of foot-and-mouth disease virus. , 1995, Peptide research.

[29]  J. Wells,et al.  Systematic mutational analyses of protein-protein interfaces. , 1991, Methods in enzymology.

[30]  R. Kelley,et al.  Thermodynamic analysis of an antibody functional epitope. , 1993, Biochemistry.

[31]  Bosshard,et al.  Probing the Energetics of Antigen-Antibody Recognition by Titration Microcalorimetry , 1996, Methods.

[32]  H. Dumortier,et al.  Retro-Inverso Peptidomimetics as New Immunological Probes , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[33]  D. Altschuh,et al.  Structure-activity relationships for the interaction between cyclosporin A derivatives and the Fab fragment of a monoclonal antibody. , 1994, Molecular immunology.

[34]  I. Chaiken,et al.  Interpreting complex binding kinetics from optical biosensors: a comparison of analysis by linearization, the integrated rate equation, and numerical integration. , 1995, Analytical biochemistry.

[35]  W. Konigsberg,et al.  On the specificity of antibodies. , 1975, Science.

[36]  R W Glaser,et al.  Antigen-antibody binding and mass transport by convection and diffusion to a surface: a two-dimensional computer model of binding and dissociation kinetics. , 1993, Analytical biochemistry.

[37]  R. Bruccoleri,et al.  Modulation of antibody affinity by a non‐contact residue , 1993, Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society.

[38]  R. Karlsson,et al.  Surface plasmon resonance detection and multispot sensing for direct monitoring of interactions involving low-molecular-weight analytes and for determination of low affinities. , 1995, Analytical biochemistry.

[39]  D. Altschuh,et al.  Comparative interaction kinetics of two recombinant fabs and of the corresponding antibodies directed to the coat protein of tobacco mosaic virus , 1996, Journal of molecular recognition : JMR.

[40]  D. Altschuh,et al.  Mapping of viral epitopes with conformationally specific monoclonal antibodies using biosensor technology. , 1992, Journal of chromatography.

[41]  J. Briand,et al.  Cross-reactivity of Antibodies to Retro-Inverso Peptidomimetics with the Parent Protein Histone H3 and Chromatin Core Particle , 1995, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[42]  M. Malmqvist.  Kinetic analysis of engineered antibody‐antigen interactions , 1994, Journal of molecular recognition : JMR.

[43]  D. Altschuh,et al.  Cooperative effects of mutations in a recombinant Fab on the kinetics of antigen binding. , 1997, Molecular immunology.

[44]  L. Christensen.  Theoretical analysis of protein concentration determination using biosensor technology under conditions of partial mass transport limitation. , 1997, Analytical biochemistry.

[45]  M. V. Van Regenmortel,et al.  Concentration measurement of unpurified proteins using biosensor technology under conditions of partial mass transport limitation. , 1997, Analytical biochemistry.

[46]  J Witz,et al.  Thermodynamic analysis of antigen-antibody binding using biosensor measurements at different temperatures. , 1997, Analytical biochemistry.

[47]  Benjamin,et al.  Site-Directed Mutagenesis in Epitope Mapping , 1996, Methods.