Identification of Bloch-modes in hollow-core photonic crystal fiber cladding.

We report on the experimental visualization of the cladding Bloch-modes of a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber. Both spectral and spatial field nformation is extracted using the approach, which is based on measurement of the near-field and Fresnel-zone that results after propagation over a short length of fiber. A detailed study of the modes near the edges of the band gap shows that it is formed by the influence of three types of resonator: the glass interstitial apex, the silica strut which joins the neighboring apexes, and the air hole. The cladding electromagnetic field which survives the propagation is found to be spatially coherent and to contain contributions from just a few types of cladding mode.

[1]  T. A. Birks,et al.  Compact, stable and efficient all-fibre gas cells using hollow-core photonic crystal fibres , 2005, Nature.

[2]  T. Koch,et al.  Antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides in SiO2‐Si multilayer structures , 1986 .

[3]  P. Russell,et al.  Endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fiber. , 1997, Optics letters.

[4]  P. Yeh,et al.  Theory of Bragg fiber , 1978 .

[5]  F. Benabid,et al.  Modelling of a novel hollow-core photonic crystal fibre , 2003, Postconference Digest Quantum Electronics and Laser Science, 2003. QELS..

[6]  B. Eggleton,et al.  Antiresonant reflecting photonic crystal optical waveguides. , 2002, Optics letters.

[7]  B. Eggleton,et al.  Resonance and scattering in microstructured optical fibers. , 2002, Optics letters.

[8]  P. Roberts,et al.  Robust photonic band gaps for hollow core guidance in PCF made from high index glass. , 2003, Optics express.

[9]  P. Roberts,et al.  Ultimate low loss of hollow-core photonic crystal fibres. , 2005, Optics express.

[10]  Georges Humbert,et al.  Hollow core photonic crystal fibers for beam delivery. , 2004, Optics express.

[11]  J. Shephard,et al.  Measuring beam quality of hollow core photonic crystal fibers , 2006, Journal of Lightwave Technology.

[12]  Steven G. Johnson,et al.  Block-iterative frequency-domain methods for Maxwell's equations in a planewave basis. , 2001, Optics express.

[13]  T. Birks,et al.  Approximate band structure calculation for photonic bandgap fibres. , 2006, Optics express.

[14]  Fetah Benabid,et al.  Hollow-core photonic crystal fibers: progress and prospects , 2005, SPIE OPTO.

[15]  F. Benabid,et al.  Stimulated Raman Scattering in Hydrogen-Filled Hollow-Core Photonic Crystal Fiber , 2002, Science.

[16]  Modeling of realistic cladding structures for air-core photonic bandgap fibers. , 2003, Optics letters.

[17]  P. Yeh,et al.  Bragg reflection waveguides , 1976 .

[18]  D. Allan,et al.  Surface modes in air-core photonic band-gap fibers. , 2004, Optics express.

[19]  B J Eggleton,et al.  Single scatterer Fano resonances in solid core photonic band gap fibers. , 2006, Optics express.

[20]  Saikat Ghosh,et al.  Resonant optical interactions with molecules confined in photonic band-gap fibers. , 2005, Physical review letters.

[21]  D. M. Atkin,et al.  Full 2-D photonic bandgaps in silica/air structures , 1995 .

[22]  B. Eggleton,et al.  Resonances in microstructured optical waveguides. , 2003, Optics express.

[23]  M. Koshiba,et al.  Air-core photonic band-gap fibers: the impact of surface modes. , 2004, Optics express.

[24]  Jesper Lægsgaard,et al.  Gap formation and guided modes in photonic bandgap fibres with high-index rods , 2004 .

[25]  J. Jensen,et al.  Photonic crystal fiber based evanescent-wave sensor for detection of biomolecules in aqueous solutions , 2003, Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, 2003. CLEO '03..

[26]  F Benabid,et al.  Experimental demonstration of the frequency shift of bandgaps in photonic crystal fibers due to refractive index scaling. , 2006, Optics express.

[27]  F Benabid,et al.  Electromagnetically-induced transparency grid in acetylene-filled hollow-core PCF. , 2005, Optics express.

[28]  D. Allan,et al.  Low-loss hollow-core silica/air photonic bandgap fibre , 2003, Nature.

[29]  Fetah Benabid,et al.  Electromagnetically induced transparency and saturable absorption in all-fiber devices based on 12C2H2-filled hollow-core photonic crystal fiber , 2006 .

[30]  P. Russell,et al.  Scaling laws and vector effects in bandgap-guiding fibres. , 2004, Optics express.