Parameter effects on simulated ice rubbling forces on a wide sloping structure

Abstract Based on numerical simulations, this paper investigates parameter effects on the ice rubbling forces on a wide sloping structure. Ninety simulations were made with a two dimensional combined finite–discrete element method and five parameter values were varied. Two level factorial designs were used to analyze these simulation results. The main interest of the study was on the ice forces when there was floating ice rubble in front of the structure. The results indicated that the mean peak force on the structure depends on different parameters during different phases of the rubble formation process. Ice thickness was seen to be affecting the forces during all of these phases. Studied parameters were usually interacting with each other, thus indicating that their effects cannot be considered separately.

[1]  J. P. Dempsey,et al.  Scale effects on the in-situ tensile strength and fracture of ice. Part II: First-year sea ice at Resolute, N.W.T. , 1999 .

[2]  A. Munjiza,et al.  NBS contact detection algorithm for bodies of similar size , 1998 .

[3]  A. Hillerborg,et al.  Analysis of crack formation and crack growth in concrete by means of fracture mechanics and finite elements , 1976 .

[4]  A. Munjiza.  The Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method , 2004 .

[5]  J. Reddy.  An introduction to nonlinear finite element analysis , 2004 .

[6]  Mark A. Hopkins,et al.  Numerical Simulation of Systems of Multitudinous Polygonal Blocks , 1992 .

[7]  Garry Timco,et al.  A review of the engineering properties of sea ice , 2010 .

[8]  Arttu Polojärvi,et al.  Simulation of Ice Pile-Up Process with 2D Combined Finite-Discrete Element Method , 2009 .

[9]  Arttu Polojärvi,et al.  2D combined finite‐discrete element method to model multi‐fracture of beam structures , 2009 .

[10]  Ben Lishman,et al.  The Rate- and State- Dependence of Sea Ice Friction , 2009 .

[11]  Arttu Polojärvi,et al.  Rubble pile formation against an inclined structure analysis of simulation results , 2010 .

[12]  Garry Timco,et al.  Ice loads on the caisson structures in the Canadian Beaufort Sea , 2004 .

[13]  Arttu Polojärvi,et al.  2D numerical simulations of ice rubble formation process against an inclined structure , 2011 .

[14]  Arttu Polojärvi,et al.  3D discrete numerical modelling of ridge keel punch through tests , 2009 .

[15]  Garry Timco,et al.  The influence of variable-thickness ice on the loads exerted on sloping structures , 1997 .

[16]  Mark A. Hopkins,et al.  Onshore ice pile-up: a comparison between experiments and simulations , 1997 .