Guidelines on Prostate Cancer

The introduction of an effective blood test, prostate specific antigen (PSA), has made it possible to diagnose more and more men in an earlier stage where they can be offered potentially curative treatments. The other side of the coin is that if effective diagnostic procedures are used unselectively in elderly men with a short life expectancy, a problem with over diagnosis and over treatment might occur. Thus the same stage of prostate cancer may need different treatment strategies, pending on the patient’s life expectancy. This, and many other issues regarding the disease, is the subject of the EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. G UI DE LI N ES O N P RO ST AT E CA N CE R 10

[1]  M. Resnick,et al.  Effective testosterone suppression for patients with prostate cancer: is there a best castration? , 2003, Urology.

[2]  W Cavanagh,et al.  Should brachytherapy be considered a therapeutic option in localized prostate cancer? , 1996, The Urologic clinics of North America.

[3]  Peter Bownes,et al.  High dose rate brachytherapy in combination with external beam radiotherapy in the radical treatment of prostate cancer: initial results of a randomised phase three trial. , 2007, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[4]  C. Tangen,et al.  Absolute prostate-specific antigen value after androgen deprivation is a strong independent predictor of survival in new metastatic prostate cancer: data from Southwest Oncology Group Trial 9346 (INT-0162). , 2006, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[5]  R. Hautmann,et al.  Radical retropubic prostatectomy: morbidity and urinary continence in 418 consecutive cases. , 1994, Urology.

[6]  Mitch Dowsett,et al.  Phase I clinical trial of a selective inhibitor of CYP17, abiraterone acetate, confirms that castration-resistant prostate cancer commonly remains hormone driven. , 2008, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[7]  D. Engeler,et al.  Prevention of prostate cancer: more questions than data. , 2007, Recent results in cancer research. Fortschritte der Krebsforschung. Progres dans les recherches sur le cancer.

[8]  P. Henriksson,et al.  Time for revival of estrogens in the treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma? Pharmacokinetics, and endocrine and clinical effects, of a parenteral estrogen regimen , 1999, The Prostate.

[9]  J. Staffurth,et al.  Should the Gleason grading system for prostate cancer be modified to account for high-grade tertiary components? A systematic review and meta-analysis. , 2007, The Lancet. Oncology.

[10]  P. Therasse,et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging of the axial skeleton for detecting bone metastases in patients with high-risk prostate cancer: diagnostic and cost-effectiveness and comparison with current detection strategies. , 2007, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[11]  Yoshiya Yamada,et al.  Long-term outcome of high dose intensity modulated radiation therapy for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. , 2006, The Journal of urology.

[12]  A. Italiano,et al.  Docetaxel-based chemotherapy in elderly patients (age 75 and older) with castration-resistant prostate cancer. , 2009, European urology.

[13]  P. Bonnet,et al.  Intermittent versus continuous total androgen blockade in the treatment of patients with advanced hormone-naive prostate cancer: results of a prospective randomized multicenter trial. , 2002, Clinical prostate cancer.

[14]  A. Hanlon,et al.  The treatment of nonpalpable PSA-detected adenocarcinoma of the prostate with 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy. , 1998, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[15]  J. Hanley,et al.  Statistical considerations when assessing outcomes following treatment for prostate cancer. , 1999, Journal of Urology.

[16]  Daniel W. Miller,et al.  Comparison of conventional-dose vs high-dose conformal radiation therapy in clinically localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate: a randomized controlled trial. , 2005, JAMA.

[17]  C. Croce,et al.  Bcl2 is the guardian of microtubule integrity. , 1997, Cancer research.

[18]  B. Mian,et al.  Prognostic significance of high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and atypical small acinar proliferation in the contemporary era. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[19]  J. Kang,et al.  Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy for Low-, Intermediate-, and High-Risk Prostate Cancer: Disease Control and Quality of Life at 6 Years , 2013 .

[20]  W. Whitmore Natural history and staging of prostate cancer. , 1984, The Urologic clinics of North America.

[21]  Annie Gao,et al.  Conventional versus hypofractionated high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: preliminary safety results from the CHHiP randomised controlled trial. , 2012, The Lancet. Oncology.

[22]  F. Burkhard,et al.  Good outcome for patients with few lymph node metastases after radical retropubic prostatectomy. , 2008, European urology.

[23]  Lawrence H Schwartz,et al.  Combined endorectal and phased-array MRI in the prediction of pelvic lymph node metastasis in prostate cancer. , 2006, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[24]  D. Tindall,et al.  Hormonal regulation of prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) glycoprotein in the human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line, LNCaP , 1992, The Prostate.

[25]  T. Ichikawa,et al.  [Management of locally advanced prostate cancer]. , 2010, Nihon rinsho. Japanese journal of clinical medicine.

[26]  S. Fosså,et al.  Weekly docetaxel and prednisolone versus prednisolone alone in androgen-independent prostate cancer: a randomized phase II study. , 2007, European urology.

[27]  Ronald C. Chen,et al.  Time course and predictors of symptoms after primary prostate cancer therapy. , 2003, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[28]  V. Hárs,et al.  Postoperative prostate-specific antigen as a prognostic indicator in patients with margin-positive prostate cancer, undergoing adjuvant radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy. , 1996, Urology.

[29]  C. King,et al.  Radiotherapy after prostatectomy: is the evidence for dose escalation out there? , 2008, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[30]  R. Kane,et al.  The results of a five‐year early prostate cancer detection intervention , 1996, Cancer.

[31]  E. Bergstralh,et al.  Role of early adjuvant hormonal therapy after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. , 2001, The Journal of urology.

[32]  M. Terris,et al.  Random systematic versus directed ultrasound guided transrectal core biopsies of the prostate. , 1989, The Journal of urology.

[33]  M. Piérart,et al.  Acute and late toxicity of post-operative external irradiation in pT3N0 prostate cancer patients treated within EORTC trial 22911 , 2002 .

[34]  D. Szydlo,et al.  Gabapentin for the management of hot flashes in prostate cancer survivors: a longitudinal continuation Study-NCCTG Trial N00CB. , 2010, The journal of supportive oncology.

[35]  M. Sydes,et al.  The early toxicity of escalated versus standard dose conformal radiotherapy with neo-adjuvant androgen suppression for patients with localised prostate cancer: results from the MRC RT01 trial (ISRCTN47772397). , 2007, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[36]  R. Dreicer,et al.  Intermittent Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Metastatic Prostate Cancer , 2013 .

[37]  Herbert Y. Kressel,et al.  Prostatic carcinoma: staging with MR imaging at 1.5 T. , 1988 .

[38]  Samir S Taneja,et al.  Ultrasensitive serum prostate specific antigen nadir accurately predicts the risk of early relapse after radical prostatectomy. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[39]  S. Freedland,et al.  Percent prostate needle biopsy tissue with cancer is more predictive of biochemical failure or adverse pathology after radical prostatectomy than prostate specific antigen or Gleason score. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[40]  A. Zlotta,et al.  Percutaneous transperineal radiofrequency ablation of prostate tumour: safety, feasibility and pathological effects on human prostate cancer. , 1998, British journal of urology.

[41]  M. Piérart,et al.  Postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: a randomised controlled trial (EORTC trial 22911) , 2005, The Lancet.

[42]  M. Roobol,et al.  Active surveillance for prostate cancers detected in three subsequent rounds of a screening trial: characteristics, PSA doubling times, and outcome. , 2007, European urology.

[43]  Laurence Collette,et al.  Can whole-body magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging replace Tc 99m bone scanning and computed tomography for single-step detection of metastases in patients with high-risk prostate cancer? , 2012, European urology.

[44]  Emilie Niaf,et al.  Influence of imaging and histological factors on prostate cancer detection and localisation on multiparametric MRI: a prospective study , 2013, European Radiology.

[45]  T. Uchida,et al.  Transrectal high‐intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of localized prostate cancer: Eight‐year experience , 2009, International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association.

[46]  R. B. Smith,et al.  The incidence and significance of detectable levels of serum prostate specific antigen after radical prostatectomy. , 1994, The Journal of urology.

[47]  J. Srigley,et al.  Multifocal high grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia is a significant risk factor for prostatic adenocarcinoma. , 2009, The Journal of urology.

[48]  F. Montorsi,et al.  Identifying the best candidate for radical prostatectomy among patients with high-risk prostate cancer. , 2012, European urology.

[49]  K. Palmer,et al.  Retropubic, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a critical review of outcomes reported by high-volume centers. , 2010, Journal of endourology.

[50]  M. Spahn,et al.  Radical prostatectomy in very high-risk localized prostate cancer: Long-term outcomes and outcome predictors , 2012, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology.

[51]  G. Chodak,et al.  A controlled trial of bicalutamide versus castration in patients with advanced prostate cancer. , 1996, Urology.

[52]  W. Catalona,et al.  Staging errors in clinically localized prostatic cancer. , 1982, The Journal of urology.

[53]  D. Bostwick,et al.  High-Grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Atypical Small Acinar Proliferation: Predictive Value for Cancer in Current Practice , 2005, The American journal of surgical pathology.

[54]  K. Steenland,et al.  Quality of life among men with prostate cancer in rural Georgia. , 2011, Urology.

[55]  L. Denis,et al.  Ketoconazole and liarozole in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer , 1993, Cancer.

[56]  J. Brooks,et al.  Prevention of prostate cancer. , 2001, Hematology/oncology clinics of North America.

[57]  Anna Kettermann,et al.  Prostate-specific antigen kinetics during follow-up are an unreliable trigger for intervention in a prostate cancer surveillance program. , 2010, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[58]  T. Tammela,et al.  Finnish multicenter study comparing intermittent to continuous androgen deprivation for advanced prostate cancer: interim analysis of prognostic markers affecting initial response to androgen deprivation. , 2008, The Journal of urology.

[59]  L. Denis,et al.  Clinical Pharmacokinetics of the Antiandrogens and Their Efficacy in Prostate Cancer , 1998, Clinical pharmacokinetics.

[60]  J. McNeal,et al.  Impact of prior biopsy scheme on pathologic features of cancers detected on repeat biopsies. , 2004, Urologic oncology.

[61]  J. Hugosson,et al.  Infection after transrectal core biopsies of the prostate--risk factors and antibiotic prophylaxis. , 1996, British journal of urology.

[62]  George Starkschall,et al.  Late rectal toxicity: dose-volume effects of conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer. , 2002, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[63]  Desok Kim,et al.  The Androgen Axis in Recurrent Prostate Cancer , 2004, Clinical Cancer Research.

[64]  C. Kane,et al.  Yield of imaging and scintigraphy assessing biochemical failure in prostate cancer patients. , 1997, Urologic oncology.

[65]  J. Babb,et al.  Prostate cancer localization using multiparametric MR imaging: comparison of Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) and Likert scales. , 2013, Radiology.

[66]  G. Wilding Endocrine control of prostate cancer. , 1995, Cancer surveys.

[67]  P. Stattin,et al.  Mortality among men with locally advanced prostate cancer managed with noncurative intent: a nationwide study in PCBaSe Sweden. , 2011, European urology.

[68]  B. Trock,et al.  An updated prostate cancer staging nomogram (Partin tables) based on cases from 2006 to 2011 , 2013, BJU international.

[69]  C. Pan,et al.  Comparative analysis of sampling methods for grossing radical prostatectomy specimens performed for nonpalpable (stage T1c) prostatic adenocarcinoma. , 2001, Human pathology.

[70]  P. Warde,et al.  The management of locally advanced prostate cancer. , 1998, Urologic oncology.

[71]  P. Kantoff,et al.  Management of hormone refractory prostate cancer: current standards and future prospects. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[72]  Louis R Kavoussi,et al.  Effect of patient age on early detection of prostate cancer with serum prostate-specific antigen and digital rectal examination. , 1993, Urology.

[73]  S. Katz,et al.  STUDIES OF ILLNESS IN THE AGED. THE INDEX OF ADL: A STANDARDIZED MEASURE OF BIOLOGICAL AND PSYCHOSOCIAL FUNCTION. , 1963, JAMA.

[74]  Timothy F. Donahue,et al.  Early versus delayed hormonal therapy for prostate specific antigen only recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[75]  Valeria Panebianco,et al.  Advances in magnetic resonance imaging: how they are changing the management of prostate cancer. , 2011, European urology.

[76]  L. Collette,et al.  Metastatic prostate cancer treated by flutamide versus cyproterone acetate. Final analysis of the "European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer" (EORTC) Protocol 30892. , 2004, European urology.

[77]  J. Severens,et al.  Patient Selection for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Prostate Cancer , 2001, European Urology.

[78]  J. Michalski,et al.  Chemical disease-free survival in localized carcinoma of prostate treated with external beam irradiation: comparison of American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Consensus or 1 ng/mL as endpoint. , 2001, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[79]  R A Stephenson,et al.  Urinary and sexual function after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer: the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study. , 2000, JAMA.

[80]  R. Semrau,et al.  [Radical salvage prostatectomy : Treatment of local recurrence of prostate cancer after radiotherapy]. , 2008, Der Urologe. Ausg. A.

[81]  M. Schonlau,et al.  Androgen deprivation therapy increases cardiovascular morbidity in men with prostate cancer , 2007, Cancer.

[82]  J. Meeks,et al.  Application of the 2013 American Urological Association early detection of prostate cancer guideline: Who will we miss? , 2014, World Journal of Urology.

[83]  J. Coebergh,et al.  Impact of comorbidity on treatment and prognosis of prostate cancer patients: a population-based study. , 2006, Critical reviews in oncology/hematology.

[84]  Buddy D. Ratner,et al.  A paradigm shift: biomaterials that heal , 2007 .

[85]  R. Bookstein,et al.  Tumour suppressor genes in prostate cancer. , 1997, Seminars in cancer biology.

[86]  H. Grönberg,et al.  Familial prostate cancer in sweden: A nationwide register cohort study , 1996, Cancer.

[87]  M. Wirth,et al.  Bicalutamide (Casodex) 150 mg plus standard care in early non-metastatic prostate cancer: results from Early Prostate Cancer Trial 24 at a median 7 years' follow-up , 2007, Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases.

[88]  E. Small,et al.  Second-line hormonal therapy for advanced prostate cancer: a shifting paradigm. , 1997, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[89]  H. G. van der Poel,et al.  Can we expand active surveillance criteria to include biopsy Gleason 3+4 prostate cancer? A multi-institutional study of 2,323 patients. , 2015, Urologic oncology.

[90]  F. Schröder,et al.  QUALITY OF LIFE EFFECTS OF INTERMITTENT AND CONTINUOUS HORMONAL THERAPY BY CYPROTERONE ACETATE (CPA) FOR METASTATIC PROSTATE CANCER , 2008 .

[91]  J. Robinson,et al.  Meta-analysis of rates of erectile function after treatment of localized prostate carcinoma. , 2002, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[92]  F. Labrie,et al.  Screening decreases prostate cancer death: First analysis of the 1988 Quebec Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial , 1999, The Prostate.

[93]  F. Calvo,et al.  Risk-adapted androgen deprivation and escalated three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer: Does radiation dose influence outcome of patients treated with adjuvant androgen deprivation? A GICOR study. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[94]  K. Griffith,et al.  Definitions of biochemical failure in prostate cancer following radiation therapy. , 2001, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[95]  Vipul R Patel,et al.  Robotic‐assisted radical prostatectomy: a review of current outcomes , 2009, BJU international.

[96]  F. Ameye,et al.  Neo-adjuvant hormonotherapy does not facilitate radical prostatectomy. , 1992, Acta urologica Belgica.

[97]  D. Nathan,et al.  Insulin sensitivity during combined androgen blockade for prostate cancer. , 2006, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[98]  A. Hackford,et al.  Patients' Perspectives on Fecal Incontinence After Brachytherapy for Localized Prostate Cancer , 2011, Diseases of the colon and rectum.

[99]  J. Srigley,et al.  Randomized, prospective, controlled study comparing radical prostatectomy alone and neoadjuvant androgen withdrawal in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. Canadian Urologic Oncology Group. , 1996, The Journal of urology.

[100]  B. Donnelly,et al.  Prospective trial of cryosurgical ablation of the prostate: five-year results. , 2002, Urology.

[101]  R. Sadeghi,et al.  Sentinel node mapping in the prostate cancer , 2011, Nuklearmedizin.

[102]  T. Robinson,et al.  Preoperative cognitive dysfunction is related to adverse postoperative outcomes in the elderly. , 2010, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[103]  M. Gleave,et al.  Androgen levels increase by intratumoral de novo steroidogenesis during progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer. , 2008, Cancer research.

[104]  H. Schmid,et al.  Serum free prostate specific antigen: Isoenzymes in benign hyperplasia and cancer of the prostate , 1995, The Prostate.

[105]  A. Renshaw,et al.  Updated protocol for the examination of specimens from patients with carcinomas of the prostate gland. , 2000, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine.

[106]  K. Griffiths,et al.  Diet and Its Preventive Role in Prostatic Disease , 1999, European Urology.

[107]  Philipp Dahm,et al.  Low quality of evidence for robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy: results of a systematic review of the published literature. , 2010, European urology.

[108]  P. Scardino The prognostic significance of biopsies after radiotherapy for prostatic cancer. , 1983, Seminars in urology.

[109]  H. Ahmed,et al.  Rectal fistulae after salvage high‐intensity focused ultrasound for recurrent prostate cancer after combined brachytherapy and external beam radiotherapy , 2009, BJU international.

[110]  L. Holmberg,et al.  Quality of life after radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting. , 2002, The New England journal of medicine.

[111]  J. Eastham,et al.  Systematic review and meta-analysis of perioperative outcomes and complications after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. , 2012, European urology.

[112]  Ruth Etzioni,et al.  Long-term projections of the harm-benefit trade-off in prostate cancer screening are more favorable than previous short-term estimates. , 2011, Journal of clinical epidemiology.

[113]  S. Kosuda,et al.  Can initial prostate specific antigen determinations eliminate the need for bone scans in patients with newly diagnosed prostate carcinoma? , 2002, Cancer.

[114]  N. Keating,et al.  Diabetes and cardiovascular disease during androgen deprivation therapy: observational study of veterans with prostate cancer. , 2010, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[115]  Emily Vertosick,et al.  The impact of repeat biopsies on infectious complications in men with prostate cancer on active surveillance. , 2014, The Journal of urology.

[116]  M. Menon,et al.  Long-term survival probability in men with clinically localized prostate cancer: a case-control, propensity modeling study stratified by race, age, treatment and comorbidities. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[117]  A. Chacko,et al.  Interventions for the treatment of metastatic extradural spinal cord compression in adults. , 2015, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[118]  J. Shaeffer,et al.  Incidence of prostatic carcinoma in the elderly. , 1975, Urology.

[119]  F. Vicini,et al.  Treatment outcome with adjuvant and salvage irradiation after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. , 1999, Urology.

[120]  D. Grignon,et al.  Changes in immunohistochemical staining in prostatic adenocarcinoma following diethylstilbestrol therapy , 1985 .

[121]  Jianquan Hou,et al.  Is the impact of the extent of lymphadenectomy in radical prostatectomy related to the disease risk? A single center prospective study. , 2012, The Journal of surgical research.

[122]  L. Collette,et al.  Prostate specific antigen: a prognostic marker of survival in good prognosis metastatic prostate cancer? (EORTC 30892). , 2003, European urology.

[123]  W. Catalona,et al.  Digital rectal examination for detecting prostate cancer at prostate specific antigen levels of 4 ng./ml. or less. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[124]  M. Marberger Postoperative Radiotherapy After Radical Prostatectomy: A Randomized Controlled Trial (EORTC trial 22911) , 2006 .

[125]  F. Schröder,et al.  Management of locally advanced prostate cancer , 2000, World Journal of Urology.

[126]  M. Kattan,et al.  Development of a nomogram that predicts the probability of a positive prostate biopsy in men with an abnormal digital rectal examination and a prostate-specific antigen between 0 and 4 ng/mL. , 1999, Urology.

[127]  A. Bohle Outcome predictors of radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate-specific antigen greater than 20 ng/ml: a European multi-institutional study of 712 patients , 2010 .

[128]  R. Newton,et al.  Functional benefits are sustained after a program of supervised resistance exercise in cancer patients with bone metastases: longitudinal results of a pilot study , 2014, Supportive Care in Cancer.

[129]  Tatsuaki Kanai,et al.  Carbon ion radiation therapy for prostate cancer: results of a prospective phase II study. , 2006, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[130]  N. Salem,et al.  Comparison of image-guided targeted biopsies versus systematic randomized biopsies in the detection of prostate cancer: a systematic literature review of well-designed studies , 2014, World Journal of Urology.

[131]  J. Hugosson,et al.  Cumulative prostate cancer risk assessment with the aid of the free-to-total prostate specific antigen ratio. , 2004, European urology.

[132]  M. Aapro,et al.  Pathophysiology, risk factors and management of bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw: Is there a diverse relationship of amino- and non-aminobisphosphonates? , 2007, Critical reviews in oncology/hematology.

[133]  John T. Wei,et al.  Use of advanced treatment technologies among men at low risk of dying from prostate cancer. , 2013, JAMA.

[134]  S. Egawa,et al.  Limited suppression of prostate-specific antigen after salvage radiotherapy for its isolated elevation after radical prostatectomy. , 1999, Urology.

[135]  I. Tannock,et al.  Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer: updated survival in the TAX 327 study. , 2008, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[136]  A W Partin,et al.  Natural history of progression after PSA elevation following radical prostatectomy. , 1999, JAMA.

[137]  Matthew R Cooperberg,et al.  Contemporary trends in low risk prostate cancer: risk assessment and treatment. , 2007, The Journal of urology.

[138]  K. Haustermans,et al.  Efficacy and tolerability of radiotherapy as treatment for bicalutamide-induced gynaecomastia and breast pain in prostate cancer. , 2005, European urology.

[139]  J. Ferlay,et al.  Recent trends in incidence of five common cancers in 26 European countries since 1988: Analysis of the European Cancer Observatory. , 2015, European journal of cancer.

[140]  A. Jemal,et al.  International variation in prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates. , 2012, European urology.

[141]  Steve Williams,et al.  Active surveillance; a reasonable management alternative for patients with prostate cancer: the Miami experience , 2007, BJU international.

[142]  E. Abel,et al.  Nerve-sparing prostatectomy and urinary function: a prospective analysis using validated quality-of-life measures. , 2009, Urology.

[143]  Ewout W Steyerberg,et al.  A risk-based strategy improves prostate-specific antigen-driven detection of prostate cancer. , 2010, European urology.

[144]  Arash Naeim,et al.  Background for the proposal of SIOG guidelines for the management of prostate cancer in senior adults. , 2010, Critical reviews in oncology/hematology.

[145]  P. Waldenberger,et al.  Detection of bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer by 18F fluorocholine and 18F fluoride PET–CT: a comparative study , 2008, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[146]  R. Fine,et al.  Induction of apoptosis by diethylstilbestrol in hormone-insensitive prostate cancer cells. , 1996, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[147]  T. H. van der Kwast,et al.  Staging prostate cancer , 2000, Microscopy research and technique.

[148]  U. Engelmann,et al.  Second-line chemotherapy with docetaxel for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) relapse in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) previously treated with docetaxel-based chemotherapy , 2005 .

[149]  H. Zincke Radical prostatectomy and exenterative procedures for local failure after radiotherapy with curative intent: comparison of outcomes. , 1992, The Journal of urology.

[150]  James A Hanley,et al.  Prostate cancer and the Will Rogers phenomenon. , 2005, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[151]  M. Ritter,et al.  Historical Prostate Cancer Screening and Treatment Outcomes from a Single Institution , 2012, Clinical Medicine & Research.

[152]  C Clifton Ling,et al.  From IMRT to IGRT: frontierland or neverland? , 2006, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[153]  P. Limonta,et al.  LHRH analogues as anticancer agents: pituitary and extrapituitary sites of action , 2001, Expert opinion on investigational drugs.

[154]  A. Kaisary Antiandrogen monotherapy in the management of advanced prostate cancer. , 1997, European urology.

[155]  A. Hoznek,et al.  Laparoscopic Radical Prostatectomy: Preliminary Results , 2000, European Urology.

[156]  R. Elton,et al.  Conservative management with symptomatic treatment and delayed hormonal manipulation is justified in men with locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate. , 1994, British journal of urology.

[157]  Yun Yen,et al.  NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: hepatobiliary cancers. , 2009, Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN.

[158]  M. Piérart,et al.  Improved survival in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiotherapy and goserelin. , 1997, The New England journal of medicine.

[159]  K. Shinohara,et al.  Five-year retrospective, multi-institutional pooled analysis of cancer-related outcomes after cryosurgical ablation of the prostate. , 2001, Urology.

[160]  L Collette,et al.  Acute toxicity of curative radiotherapy for intermediate- and high-risk localised prostate cancer in the EORTC trial 22991. , 2009, European journal of cancer.

[161]  M. Barry,et al.  Patient-re ported complications and follow-up treatment after radical prostatectomy , 1993 .

[162]  J. Oesterling,et al.  The clinical usefulness of prostate specific antigen: update 1994. , 1994, The Journal of urology.

[163]  E. Small,et al.  Antiandrogen withdrawal alone or in combination with ketoconazole in androgen-independent prostate cancer patients: a phase III trial (CALGB 9583). , 2004, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[164]  P. Schellhammer,et al.  Placebo-controlled phase III trial of immunologic therapy with sipuleucel-T (APC8015) in patients with metastatic, asymptomatic hormone refractory prostate cancer. , 2006, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[165]  Stacey A. Kenfield,et al.  Egg, Red Meat, and Poultry Intake and Risk of Lethal Prostate Cancer in the Prostate-Specific Antigen-Era: Incidence and Survival , 2011, Cancer Prevention Research.

[166]  S. Friis,et al.  Mortality of patients with clinically localized prostate cancer treated with observation for 10 years or longer: a population based registry study. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[167]  M. Terris,et al.  Clinical and pathologic outcome after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer patients with a preoperative Gleason sum of 8 to 10 , 2006, Cancer.

[168]  G. Lockwood,et al.  Median 5 year follow-up of 125iodine brachytherapy as monotherapy in men aged, 2010, Urology.

[169]  M W Kattan,et al.  Primary human prostate cancer cells harboring p53 mutations are clonally expanded in metastases. , 1997, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[170]  D. Beyer,et al.  Permanent brachytherapy as salvage treatment for recurrent prostate cancer. , 1999, Urology.

[171]  Thomas Hambrock,et al.  Prospective assessment of prostate cancer aggressiveness using 3-T diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging-guided biopsies versus a systematic 10-core transrectal ultrasound prostate biopsy cohort. , 2012, European urology.

[172]  K. Tew,et al.  Phase II study of estramustine and vinblastine, two microtubule inhibitors, in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. , 1992, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[173]  Michael W Kattan,et al.  Prediction of seminal vesicle invasion in prostate cancer: incremental value of adding endorectal MR imaging to the Kattan nomogram. , 2007, Radiology.

[174]  J. Oesterling,et al.  Radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer: long-term results of 1,143 patients from a single institution. , 1994, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[175]  S. Steinberg,et al.  A double-blind randomized crossover study of oral thalidomide versus placebo for androgen dependent prostate cancer treated with intermittent androgen ablation. , 2009, The Journal of urology.

[176]  J. Hines,et al.  Long-Term Outcomes in Patients with Prostate Cancer Managed with Intermittent Androgen Suppression , 2004, Urologia Internationalis.

[177]  C. King,et al.  Improved outcomes with higher doses for salvage radiotherapy after prostatectomy. , 2008, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[178]  Guy Vallancien,et al.  High-intensity focused ultrasound and localized prostate cancer: efficacy results from the European multicentric study. , 2003, Journal of endourology.

[179]  G. Hanks External-beam radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer: patterns of care studies in the United States. , 1988, NCI monographs : a publication of the National Cancer Institute.

[180]  A. Hanlon,et al.  Prostate specific antigen nadir following external beam radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer: the relationship between nadir level and disease-free survival. , 1996, The Journal of urology.

[181]  L. Budäus,et al.  Functional outcomes and complications following radiation therapy for prostate cancer: a critical analysis of the literature. , 2012, European urology.

[182]  G. Guyatt,et al.  GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations , 2008, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[183]  Colin B Begg,et al.  Variations in morbidity after radical prostatectomy. , 2002, The New England journal of medicine.

[184]  Sven N. Reske,et al.  Carbon-11 acetate positron emission tomography can detect local recurrence of prostate cancer , 2002, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[185]  Adam T Froemming,et al.  Detection of Recurrent Prostate Cancer After Radical Prostatectomy: Comparison of 11C-Choline PET/CT with Pelvic Multiparametric MR Imaging with Endorectal Coil , 2014, The Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[186]  T. Wilt,et al.  Combined androgen blockade with nonsteroidal antiandrogens for advanced prostate cancer: a systematic review. , 2001, Urology.

[187]  P. Nelson,et al.  Maintenance of intratumoral androgens in metastatic prostate cancer: a mechanism for castration-resistant tumor growth. , 2008, Cancer research.

[188]  Takahito Hara,et al.  Overcoming Persistent Dependency on Androgen Signaling after Progression to Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer , 2010, Clinical Cancer Research.

[189]  P. Robinson,et al.  Some Limitations of the Radioisotope Bone Scan in Patients With Metastatic Prostatic Cancer , 1990, Cancer.

[190]  P. Cheung,et al.  Efficacy of salvage radiotherapy plus 2-year androgen suppression for postradical prostatectomy patients with PSA relapse. , 2009, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[191]  T. Gasser,et al.  Radical prostatectomy versus expectant primary treatment in stages I and II prostatic cancer. A fifteen-year follow-up. , 1990, Urology.

[192]  P. Unger,et al.  Seminal vesicle biopsy: accuracy and implications for staging of prostate cancer. , 1996, Urology.

[193]  A. Haese*,et al.  Patient-reported sexual function after nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy. , 2002, European urology.

[194]  D. Carter TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors , 1998 .

[195]  P. Abrahamsson,et al.  Potential benefits of intermittent androgen suppression therapy in the treatment of prostate cancer: a systematic review of the literature. , 2010, European urology.

[196]  F Chinegwundoh,et al.  Ethnic differences in prostate cancer , 2011, British Journal of Cancer.

[197]  T E Schultheiss,et al.  Optimization of conformal radiation treatment of prostate cancer: report of a dose escalation study. , 1997, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[198]  A. Jemal,et al.  Cancer Statistics, 2008 , 2008, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[199]  D. Mcleod,et al.  Health-related quality of life for men with prostate cancer--an evaluation of outcomes 12-24 months after treatment. , 2013, Urologic oncology.

[200]  J. Goméz,et al.  Prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase for monitoring therapy of carcinoma of the prostate. , 1991, The Journal of urology.

[201]  L. Klotz,et al.  A phase 1-2 trial of diethylstilbestrol plus low dose warfarin in advanced prostate carcinoma. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[202]  Michael W Kattan,et al.  Defining biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy: a proposal for a standardized definition. , 2006, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[203]  M. Cooperberg,et al.  Active surveillance for the management of prostate cancer in a contemporary cohort , 2008, Cancer.

[204]  Pär Stattin,et al.  Long-term outcomes among noncuratively treated men according to prostate cancer risk category in a nationwide, population-based study. , 2013, European urology.

[205]  H. Huland,et al.  Digital rectal examination, imaging, and systematic-sextant biopsy in identifying operable lymph node-negative prostatic carcinoma. , 1992, European urology.

[206]  P. Manser,et al.  Use of EORTC target definition guidelines for dose-intensified salvage radiation therapy for recurrent prostate cancer: results of the quality assurance program of the randomized trial SAKK 09/10. , 2013, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[207]  J. Hugosson,et al.  Lead time associated with screening for prostate cancer , 2004, International journal of cancer.

[208]  A. D'Amico,et al.  NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: prostate cancer. , 2010, Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN.

[209]  B. Trock,et al.  The natural history of men treated with deferred androgen deprivation therapy in whom metastatic prostate cancer developed following radical prostatectomy. , 2008, The Journal of urology.

[210]  J. Morote,et al.  Individual variations of serum testosterone in patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy , 2009, BJU international.

[211]  M. Cooperberg,et al.  Limitations of Basing Screening Policies on Screening Trials: The US Preventive Services Task Force and Prostate Cancer Screening , 2013, Medical care.

[212]  W. Shipley,et al.  Early prostate cancer: the national results of radiation treatment from the Patterns of Care and Radiation Therapy Oncology Group studies with prospects for improvement with conformal radiation and adjuvant androgen deprivation. , 1994, The Journal of urology.

[213]  S. Pértega,et al.  Brachytherapy for the treatment of recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy or radical prostatectomy , 2012, BJU international.

[214]  A. Zietman,et al.  The treatment of prostate cancer by conventional radiation therapy: an analysis of long-term outcome. , 1995, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[215]  C. Moinpour,et al.  Phase II trial of bicalutamide in patients with advanced prostate cancer in whom conventional hormonal therapy failed: a Southwest Oncology Group study (SWOG 9235). , 2001, Urology.

[216]  J. Battermann,et al.  Health-related quality of life up to six years after (125)I brachytherapy for early-stage prostate cancer. , 2010, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[217]  K. Hemminki Familial risk and familial survival in prostate cancer , 2012, World Journal of Urology.

[218]  H. Scher,et al.  Estramustine and vinblastine: use of prostate specific antigen as a clinical trial end point for hormone refractory prostatic cancer. , 1992, The Journal of urology.

[219]  B. Donnelly,et al.  A randomized trial of external beam radiotherapy versus cryoablation in patients with localized prostate cancer , 2009, Cancer.

[220]  P. Sasieni,et al.  Do prostate cancer risk models improve the predictive accuracy of PSA screening? A meta-analysis. , 2015, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[221]  Alex Rijnders,et al.  Tumour and target volumes in permanent prostate brachytherapy: a supplement to the ESTRO/EAU/EORTC recommendations on prostate brachytherapy. , 2007, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[222]  Brett Delahunt,et al.  [International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on handling and staging of radical prostatectomy specimens]. , 2013, Annales de pathologie.

[223]  C. Chaussy,et al.  Evolution and outcomes of 3 MHz high intensity focused ultrasound therapy for localized prostate cancer during 15 years. , 2013, The Journal of urology.

[224]  J. O'donoghue,et al.  A reappraisal of serial isotope bone scans in prostate cancer. , 1993, The British journal of radiology.

[225]  K. Chi Targeting Bcl-2 with oblimersen for patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer , 2005, World Journal of Urology.

[226]  K. Benediktsdottir,et al.  Adenocarcinoma of the prostate in Iceland: A population-based study of stage, Gleason grade, treatment and long-term survival in males diagnosed between 1983 and 1987 , 2006, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology.

[227]  J. Manola,et al.  Immediate hormonal therapy compared with observation after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy in men with node-positive prostate cancer. , 1999, The New England journal of medicine.

[228]  E. Small,et al.  Phase II multicenter study of chemotherapy (chemo)-naive castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) not exposed to ketoconazole (keto), treated with abiraterone acetate (AA) plus prednisone. , 2016, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[229]  P. Carroll,et al.  Intermittent androgen deprivation for clinically localized prostate cancer: initial experience. , 1998, Urology.

[230]  Benjamin D Smith,et al.  Future of cancer incidence in the United States: burdens upon an aging, changing nation. , 2009, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[231]  H. Zincke,et al.  Critical evaluation of salvage surgery for radio-recurrent/resistant prostate cancer. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[232]  Anke M Hövels,et al.  Prostate cancer evaluated with ferumoxtran-10-enhanced T2*-weighted MR Imaging at 1.5 and 3.0 T: early experience. , 2006, Radiology.

[233]  P. Scardino,et al.  Long-term outcomes after high-dose postprostatectomy salvage radiation treatment. , 2012, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[234]  Comparison of contrast enhanced color Doppler targeted biopsy with conventional systematic biopsy: impact on prostate cancer detection. , 2002 .

[235]  Jerome Seidenfeld,et al.  Single-Therapy Androgen Suppression in Men with Advanced Prostate Cancer , 2000, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[236]  A. Partin,et al.  Prostate-specific antigen after anatomic radical retropubic prostatectomy. Patterns of recurrence and cancer control. , 1997, The Urologic clinics of North America.

[237]  Ewout W Steyerberg,et al.  Active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer. , 2013, Critical reviews in oncology/hematology.

[238]  P. Koper,et al.  Acute and late complications after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: results of a multicenter randomized trial comparing 68 Gy to 78 Gy. , 2005, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[239]  L. Holmberg,et al.  Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in localized prostate cancer: the Scandinavian prostate cancer group-4 randomized trial. , 2008, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[240]  C. Sternberg,et al.  Contemporary role of androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. , 2012, European urology.

[241]  Andrew J Vickers,et al.  The surgical learning curve for laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a retrospective cohort study. , 2009, The Lancet. Oncology.

[242]  J R Thornbury,et al.  Local staging of prostate cancer with endorectal MR imaging: correlation with histopathology. , 1996, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[243]  M. Lage,et al.  Association between androgen-deprivation therapy and incidence of diabetes among males with prostate cancer. , 2007, Urology.

[244]  R. Galalae,et al.  Prostate preservation by combined external beam and HDR brachytherapy in nodal negative prostate cancer , 1999, Strahlentherapie und Onkologie.

[245]  P. Rubin,et al.  Long-term treatment sequelae following external beam irradiation for adenocarcinoma of the prostate: analysis of RTOG studies 7506 and 7706. , 1991, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[246]  N. Spry,et al.  Adverse effects to quality of life arising from treatment can recover with intermittent androgen suppression in men with prostate cancer. , 2006, European journal of cancer.

[247]  A. D'Amico,et al.  Combination of the preoperative PSA level, biopsy gleason score, percentage of positive biopsies, and MRI T-stage to predict early PSA failure in men with clinically localized prostate cancer. , 2000, Urology.

[248]  F. Schröder,et al.  Progress in understanding androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC): a review of potential endocrine-mediated mechanisms. , 2008, European urology.

[249]  W. Ellis,et al.  Intermittent androgen suppression with leuprolide and flutamide for prostate cancer: a pilot study. , 1996, Urology.

[250]  Louis Potters,et al.  Multi-institutional analysis of long-term outcome for stages T1-T2 prostate cancer treated with permanent seed implantation. , 2007, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[251]  John T. Wei,et al.  Quality of life and satisfaction with outcome among prostate-cancer survivors. , 2008, The New England journal of medicine.

[252]  J. Moul Prostate specific antigen only progression of prostate cancer. , 2000, The Journal of urology.

[253]  L. P. Mas,et al.  Seminal vesicle biopsy in prostate cancer staging. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[254]  L. Moffat Comparison of Zoladex, diethylstilbestrol and cyproterone acetate treatment in advanced prostate cancer. , 1990, European urology.

[255]  P. Troncoso,et al.  PCA3 molecular urine assay correlates with prostate cancer tumor volume: implication in selecting candidates for active surveillance. , 2008, The Journal of urology.

[256]  J. Pignon,et al.  Addition of estramustine to chemotherapy and survival of patients with castration-refractory prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of individual patient data. , 2007, The Lancet. Oncology.

[257]  P. Scardino,et al.  Secondary therapy, metastatic progression, and cancer-specific mortality in men with clinically high-risk prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. , 2008, European urology.

[258]  William J Catalona,et al.  Cancer progression and survival rates following anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy in 3,478 consecutive patients: long-term results. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[259]  R. Sutherland,et al.  Prognostic significance of preoperative factors in localized prostate carcinoma treated with radical prostatectomy , 2003, Cancer.

[260]  A. Hinev,et al.  Validation of Nomograms Predicting Lymph Node Involvement in Patients with Prostate Cancer Undergoing Extended Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection , 2014, Urologia Internationalis.

[261]  P. Kantoff,et al.  Hydrocortisone with or without mitoxantrone in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: results of the cancer and leukemia group B 9182 study. , 1999, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[262]  J. Damber,et al.  Long-term followup of a randomized study of locally advanced prostate cancer treated with combined orchiectomy and external radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone. , 2006, The Journal of urology.

[263]  Williams Rd,et al.  Staging of incidentally detected prostate cancer : Role of repeat resection, prostate-specific antigen, needle biopsy, and imaging , 1996 .

[264]  Matthew R. Smith Changes in fat and lean body mass during androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. , 2004, Urology.

[265]  J Kurhanewicz,et al.  Prostate cancer: prediction of extracapsular extension with endorectal MR imaging and three-dimensional proton MR spectroscopic imaging. , 1999, Radiology.

[266]  U. Tunn,et al.  600: Intermittent Androgen Deprivation in Patients with PSA-Relapse after Radical Prostatectomy - Final Results of a European Randomized Prospective Phase-III Clinical Trial Auo Study AP 06/95, EC 507 , 2007 .

[267]  S. Baba,et al.  Genitourinary toxicity after high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy combined with Hypofractionated External beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: an analysis to determine the correlation between dose-volume histogram parameters in HDR brachytherapy and severity of toxicity. , 2009, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[268]  M. Etminan,et al.  The role of tomato products and lycopene in the prevention of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of observational studies. , 2004, Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.

[269]  T. Wheeler,et al.  Improved detection of clinically significant, curable prostate cancer with systematic 12-core biopsy. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[270]  J. Hanley,et al.  Competing Risk Analysis of Men Aged 55 to 74 Years at Diagnosis Managed Conservatively for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer , 1998 .

[271]  S. Steinberg,et al.  Lack of correlation between prostate-specific antigen and the presence of measurable soft tissue metastases in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. , 1996, Cancer investigation.

[272]  L. Weissbach,et al.  Lebensqualität nach Prostatakarzinom bei Teilnehmern von Selbsthilfegruppen , 2011, Der Urologe.

[273]  C. Claussen,et al.  Accuracy of preoperative endorectal MRI in predicting extracapsular extension and influence on neurovascular bundle sparing in radical prostatectomy , 2013, World Journal of Urology.

[274]  C. Heyns,et al.  Influence of Local Tumour Stage and Grade on Reliability of Serum Prostate-Specific Antigen in Predicting Skeletal Metastases in Patients with Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate , 1999, European Urology.

[275]  John A. Taylor,et al.  The relationship of ultrasensitive measurements of prostate‐specific antigen levels to prostate cancer recurrence after radical prostatectomy , 2006, BJU international.

[276]  G. Sonpavde,et al.  Sunitinib malate for metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer following docetaxel-based chemotherapy , 2008 .

[277]  M. Garzotto,et al.  Weekly high-dose calcitriol and docetaxel in advanced prostate cancer. , 2001, Seminars in oncology.

[278]  L. Potters,et al.  Is pelvic radiation necessary in patients undergoing prostate brachytherapy , 1998 .

[279]  Roland Bares,et al.  Histological verification of 11C‐choline‐positron emission/computed tomography‐positive lymph nodes in patients with biochemical failure after treatment for localized prostate cancer , 2008, BJU international.

[280]  T. Wilt,et al.  Use of 5-alpha-reductase inhibitors for prostate cancer chemoprevention: American Society of Clinical Oncology/American Urological Association 2008 Clinical Practice Guideline. , 2009, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[281]  D. Smith,et al.  Megestrol acetate in the treatment of hormone refractory prostate cancer. , 1997, American journal of clinical oncology.

[282]  V. Mouraviev,et al.  Pathologic basis of focal therapy for early-stage prostate cancer , 2009, Nature Reviews Urology.

[283]  B. Guillonneau,et al.  Perioperative complications of laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: the Montsouris 3-year experience. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[284]  Victor Reuter,et al.  Variations among individual surgeons in the rate of positive surgical margins in radical prostatectomy specimens. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[285]  T. Therneau,et al.  A phase II randomized trial of megestrol acetate or dexamethasone in the treatment of hormonally refractory advanced carcinoma of the prostate , 1990, Cancer.

[286]  W. Aronson,et al.  Risk factors for male osteoporosis. , 2003, Urologic oncology.

[287]  M. Bremer [Radical prostatectomy versus observation for localized prostate cancer]. , 2012, Strahlentherapie und Onkologie : Organ der Deutschen Rontgengesellschaft ... [et al].

[288]  F. Wawroschek,et al.  Sentinel lymph node dissection for prostate cancer: experience with more than 1,000 patients. , 2007, The Journal of urology.

[289]  F. Schröder,et al.  The efficacy and safety of degarelix: a 12‐month, comparative, randomized, open‐label, parallel‐group phase III study in patients with prostate cancer , 2008, BJU international.

[290]  L. Baert,et al.  Complications of Radical Prostatectomy , 1996 .

[291]  A. Barratt,et al.  Screening decreases prostate cancer death: first analysis of the1988  Quebec Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial , 2004, The Medical journal of Australia.

[292]  G. Guyatt,et al.  Grading quality of evidence and strength of recommendations , 2004, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[293]  M. Soloway,et al.  Biochemical and pathological predictors of the recurrence of prostatic adenocarcinoma with seminal vesicle invasion. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[294]  M. Scholz,et al.  Anaemia associated with androgen deprivation in patients with prostate cancer receiving combined hormone blockade. , 1997, British journal of urology.

[295]  P. Kantoff,et al.  Finasteride and flutamide as potency-sparing androgen-ablative therapy for advanced adenocarcinoma of the prostate. , 1997, Urology.

[296]  D. Mcleod Antiandrogenic drugs , 1993, Cancer.

[297]  W. Hellstrom,et al.  J Urol , 2014 .

[298]  J. Chin,et al.  Disease-free survival following salvage cryotherapy for biopsy-proven radio-recurrent prostate cancer. , 2011, European urology.

[299]  C. Huggins,et al.  Studies on prostatic cancer: I. The effect of castration, of estrogen and of androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. 1941. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[300]  M. Beheshti,et al.  [18F]fluorocholine PET/CT in the assessment of bone metastases in prostate cancer , 2007, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[301]  B. Norlén,et al.  The value of computed tomography and ultrasound in assessment of pelvic lymph node metastases in patients with clinically locally confined carcinoma of the prostate. , 1988, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology.

[302]  D. Gillatt,et al.  A systematic review of the role of imaging before salvage radiotherapy for post-prostatectomy biochemical recurrence. , 2010, Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain)).

[303]  H. Rao Maximum androgen blockade in advanced prostate cancer: an overview of 22 randomised trials with 3283 deaths in 5710 patients , 1995, The Lancet.

[304]  J. Blasko,et al.  Second malignancies after prostate brachytherapy: incidence of bladder and colorectal cancers in patients with 15 years of potential follow-up. , 2006, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[305]  N. Blumstein,et al.  Prostate carcinoma: diffusion-weighted imaging as potential alternative to conventional MR and 11C-choline PET/CT for detection of bone metastases. , 2008, Radiology.

[306]  D. Celermajer,et al.  Androgen deprivation is associated with enhanced endothelium-dependent dilatation in adult men. , 1997, Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology.

[307]  Richard A. Szucs,et al.  TNM Classification of Malignant Tumors. 5th ed , 1998 .

[308]  B. Konety,et al.  Impact of extent of lymphadenectomy on survival after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. , 2006, Urology.

[309]  B. Guillonneau,et al.  Indications for preoperative seminal vesicle biopsies in staging of clinically localized prostatic cancer. , 1997, European urology.

[310]  A. Pantuck,et al.  Prostate specific antigen density: a means of distinguishing benign prostatic hypertrophy and prostate cancer. , 1992, The Journal of urology.

[311]  G. Kalna,et al.  Prostate Gland Lengths and Iceball Dimensions Predict Micturition Functional Outcome Following Salvage Prostate Cryotherapy in Men with Radiation Recurrent Prostate Cancer , 2013, PloS one.

[312]  R. Stoyanova,et al.  Randomized trial of hypofractionated external-beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer. , 2013, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[313]  Michael M Lieber,et al.  Journal Review , 2003, International Society of Hair Restoration Surgery.

[314]  P. Schellhammer,et al.  Quality of life after open or robotic prostatectomy, cryoablation or brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer. , 2010, The Journal of urology.

[315]  M. Piérart,et al.  Concomitant and adjuvant androgen deprivation (ADT) with external beam irradiation (RT) for locally advanced prostate cancer: 6 months versus 3 years ADT--Results of the randomized EORTC Phase III trial 22961 , 2007 .

[316]  U. Tunn Intermittent endocrine therapy of prostate cancer. , 1996, European urology.

[317]  J. Chapelon,et al.  Location of residual cancer after transrectal high‐intensity focused ultrasound ablation for clinically localized prostate cancer , 2011, BJU international.

[318]  M. Parmar,et al.  The effects of induced hypogonadism on arterial stiffness, body composition, and metabolic parameters in males with prostate cancer. , 2001, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[319]  Ian M Thompson,et al.  Prostate‐specific antigen: A review of the validation of the most commonly used cancer biomarker , 2004, Cancer.

[320]  R. Vessella,et al.  The value of serum prostate specific antigen determinations before and after radical prostatectomy. , 1989, The Journal of urology.

[321]  A W Partin,et al.  Use of the percentage of free prostate-specific antigen to enhance differentiation of prostate cancer from benign prostatic disease: a prospective multicenter clinical trial. , 1998, JAMA.

[322]  U. Capitanio,et al.  When to perform bone scan in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer: external validation of the currently available guidelines and proposal of a novel risk stratification tool. , 2010, European urology.

[323]  M. Parmar,et al.  RADICALS (Radiotherapy and Androgen Deprivation in Combination after Local Surgery). , 2007, Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain)).

[324]  Matthias Eiber,et al.  Whole‐body MRI including diffusion‐weighted imaging (DWI) for patients with recurring prostate cancer: Technical feasibility and assessment of lesion conspicuity in DWI , 2011, Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI.

[325]  M. Barry,et al.  Outcomes of external-beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer: a study of Medicare beneficiaries in three surveillance, epidemiology, and end results areas. , 1996, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[326]  J. Mohler,et al.  Comparison of the digital rectal examination, endorectal ultrasound, and body coil magnetic resonance imaging in the staging of adenocarcinoma of the prostate , 1991, Urologic radiology.

[327]  M. Soloway,et al.  Local anesthesia for ultrasound guided prostate biopsy: a prospective randomized trial comparing 2 methods. , 2001, The Journal of urology.

[328]  I. Bairati,et al.  Dietary fat and prostate cancer survival , 1999, Cancer Causes & Control.

[329]  T. Tammela,et al.  Advanced prostate cancer treated with intermittent or continuous androgen deprivation in the randomised FinnProstate Study VII: quality of life and adverse effects. , 2013, European urology.

[330]  K. Delaere,et al.  Flutamide monotherapy as primary treatment in advanced prostatic carcinoma. , 1991, Seminars in oncology.

[331]  D. Chan,et al.  Nonpalpable stage T1c prostate cancer: prediction of insignificant disease using free/total prostate specific antigen levels and needle biopsy findings. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[332]  Alexandre Mamedov,et al.  Clinical results of long-term follow-up of a large, active surveillance cohort with localized prostate cancer. , 2010, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[333]  The European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines methodology: a critical evaluation. , 2009, European urology.

[334]  L. Vanuytsel,et al.  Radical Prostatectomy Can Provide a Cure For Well–Selected Clinical Stage T3 Prostate Cancer , 2000, European Urology.

[335]  P. Carroll,et al.  Prostate cancer: localization with three-dimensional proton MR spectroscopic imaging--clinicopathologic study. , 1999, Radiology.

[336]  S. Cha,et al.  Irradiation for locally recurrent carcinoma of the prostate following radical prostatectomy. , 1997, Urology.

[337]  A. Hanlon,et al.  Validation of a treatment policy for patients with prostate specific antigen failure after three‐dimensional conformal prostate radiation therapy , 2003, Cancer.

[338]  Tomasz Burzykowski,et al.  Is prostate-specific antigen a valid surrogate end point for survival in hormonally treated patients with metastatic prostate cancer? Joint research of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, the Limburgs Universitair Centrum, and AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[339]  P. Carroll,et al.  Use of second treatment following definitive local therapy for prostate cancer: data from the caPSURE database. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[340]  W. Catalona,et al.  Pathological characteristics of prostate cancer detected through prostate specific antigen based screening. , 2006, The Journal of urology.

[341]  P. Humphrey,et al.  Diagnostic effect of complete histologic sampling of prostate needle biopsy specimens. , 1998, American journal of clinical pathology.

[342]  J. Pouliot,et al.  Feasibility of high-dose-rate brachytherapy salvage for local prostate cancer recurrence after radiotherapy: the University of California-San Francisco experience. , 2007, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[343]  D. Tindall,et al.  Hormonal regulation of prostate-specific antigen messenger RNA in human prostatic adenocarcinoma cell line LNCaP. , 1991, Cancer research.

[344]  L. Collette,et al.  Radical prostatectomy for locally advanced prostate cancer: results of a feasibility study (EORTC 30001). , 2006, European journal of cancer.

[345]  F. Montorsi,et al.  Validation of a nomogram predicting the probability of lymph node invasion based on the extent of pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer , 2006, BJU international.

[346]  Athanase Billis,et al.  The impact of the 2005 international society of urological pathology consensus conference on standard Gleason grading of prostatic carcinoma in needle biopsies. , 2008, The Journal of urology.

[347]  N. Mottet,et al.  The role of intermittent androgen deprivation in prostate cancer , 2007, BJU international.

[348]  M. Aron,et al.  Antibiotic prophylaxis for transrectal needle biopsy of the prostate: a randomized controlled study , 2000, BJU international.

[349]  I. Thompson,et al.  Expectant management of localized prostatic cancer , 1991, Cancer.

[350]  Takako Yamaguchi,et al.  Prostate cancer: a comparative study of 11C-choline PET and MR imaging combined with proton MR spectroscopy , 2005, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[351]  N. Oakley Hormonal treatment before radical prostatectomy: a 3-year follow-up , 1999 .

[352]  I. Fryatt,et al.  Is delayed treatment justified in carcinoma of the prostate? , 1985, British journal of urology.

[353]  J. Moul,et al.  Pathologic stage T2a and T2b prostate cancer in the recent prostate‐specific antigen era: Implications for unilateral ablative therapy , 2008, The Prostate.

[354]  E. Metter,et al.  Longitudinal evaluation of prostate-specific antigen levels in men with and without prostate disease. , 1992, JAMA.

[355]  X. Rébillard,et al.  Correlation of prostate‐specific antigen nadir and biochemical failure after high‐intensity focused ultrasound of localized prostate cancer based on the Stuttgart failure criteria – analysis from the @‐Registry , 2011, BJU international.

[356]  F. Richard,et al.  Adjuvant radiation therapy does not cause urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy: results of a prospective randomized study. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[357]  Louis Potters,et al.  12-year outcomes following permanent prostate brachytherapy in patients with clinically localized prostate cancer. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[358]  F. Saad,et al.  A nomogram predicting 10-year life expectancy in candidates for radical prostatectomy or radiotherapy for prostate cancer. , 2007, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[359]  G. Hudes,et al.  Paclitaxel plus estramustine in metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. , 1995, Seminars in oncology.

[360]  C. Lawton Endocrine treatment with or without radiotherapy, in locally advanced prostate cancer (SPCG-7/SFUO-3): an open randomized phase III trial , 2010 .

[361]  P. Cheung,et al.  Effect of combined treatment with salvage radiotherapy plus androgen suppression on quality of life in patients with recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. , 2006, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[362]  C. Mcarthur,et al.  Changing the referral criteria for bone scan in newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients. , 2012, The British journal of radiology.

[363]  J. Crook,et al.  Comparison of health-related quality of life 5 years after SPIRIT: Surgical Prostatectomy Versus Interstitial Radiation Intervention Trial. , 2011, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[364]  P Carlsson,et al.  Screening for carcinoma of the prostate by digital rectal examination in a randomly selected population. , 1990, BMJ.

[365]  J. Bellmunt Tackling the bone with alpha emitters in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients. , 2013, European urology.

[366]  J. Moul Twenty years of controversy surrounding combined androgen blockade for advanced prostate cancer , 2009, Cancer.

[367]  A. Kawashima,et al.  Early localization of recurrent prostate cancer after prostatectomy by endorectal coil magnetic resonance imaging. , 2014, The Canadian journal of urology.

[368]  T. Tammela,et al.  Effects of prostate cancer screening on health-related quality of life: Results of the Finnish arm of the European randomized screening trial (ERSPC) , 2013, Acta oncologica.

[369]  H. Kumon,et al.  Optimal Starting Time for Flutamide to Prevent Disease Flare in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with a Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonist , 2001, Urologia Internationalis.

[370]  M. Picchio,et al.  Re: Nicolas Mottet, Joaquim Bellmunt, Michel Bolla, et al. EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. Part II: Treatment of advanced, relapsing, and castration-resistant prostate cancer. Eur Urol 2011;59:572-83. , 2011, European urology.

[371]  F. Valent,et al.  Continuing or discontinuing low-dose aspirin before transrectal prostate biopsy: results of a prospective randomized trial. , 2007, Urology.

[372]  Lidia Strigari,et al.  A prospective phase III randomized trial of hypofractionation versus conventional fractionation in patients with high-risk prostate cancer. , 2010, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[373]  H. Hricak,et al.  Prostate cancer imaging , 2008, Acta radiologica.

[374]  D. Grignon,et al.  Short-term neoadjuvant androgen deprivation therapy and external-beam radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: long-term results of RTOG 8610. , 2008, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[375]  J. Ferlay,et al.  Estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in Europe in 1995. , 2002, European journal of cancer.

[376]  H. Kanetake,et al.  Hot flashes during androgen deprivation therapy with luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist combined with steroidal or nonsteroidal antiandrogen for prostate cancer. , 2009, Urology.

[377]  I. Tannock,et al.  Prediction of Survival following First-Line Chemotherapy in Men with Castration-Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer , 2009, Clinical Cancer Research.

[378]  T. D. de Reijke,et al.  Current Status of Minimally Invasive Treatment Options for Localized Prostate Carcinoma , 2000, European Urology.

[379]  L. Kiemeney,et al.  Efficacy and tolerance of salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy, with emphasis on high-risk patients suited for adjuvant radiotherapy. , 2010, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[380]  Chinyere N. Onyebuchi,et al.  Suspected local recurrence after radical prostatectomy: endorectal coil MR imaging. , 2004, Radiology.

[381]  S. Mathoulin-Pélissier,et al.  Screening older cancer patients: first evaluation of the G-8 geriatric screening tool. , 2012, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[382]  P. Kantoff,et al.  Prognostic significance of detection of prostate-specific antigen transcripts in the peripheral blood of patients with metastatic androgen-independent prostatic carcinoma. , 1997, Urology.

[383]  R. V. D. van den Bergh,et al.  Psychological aspects of active surveillance , 2012, Current opinion in urology.

[384]  A. G. Tulloch,et al.  The role of bone scanning in the assessment of prostatic carcinoma. , 1978, British journal of urology.

[385]  D. Einstein,et al.  Tomotherapy for prostate adenocarcinoma: a report on acute toxicity. , 2007, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[386]  L. Collette,et al.  Does local treatment of the prostate in advanced and/or lymph node metastatic disease improve efficacy of androgen-deprivation therapy? A systematic review. , 2010, European urology.

[387]  D. Giugliano,et al.  Effect of metabolic syndrome and its components on prostate cancer risk: Meta-analysis , 2013, Journal of Endocrinological Investigation.

[388]  W. Catalona,et al.  5-year tumor recurrence rates after anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy for prostate cancer. , 1994, The Journal of urology.

[389]  T. Choueiri,et al.  Recent progress and pitfalls in testing novel agents in castration-resistant prostate cancer. , 2009, European urology.

[390]  Y. Jo,et al.  A prospective randomized comparison of diagnostic efficacy between transperineal and transrectal 12-core prostate biopsy , 2008, Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases.

[391]  L. Salomon,et al.  Efficacy of venlafaxine, medroxyprogesterone acetate, and cyproterone acetate for the treatment of vasomotor hot flushes in men taking gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues for prostate cancer: a double-blind, randomised trial. , 2010, The Lancet. Oncology.

[392]  H. Levin,et al.  Stage T1-2 prostate cancer: a multivariate analysis of factors affecting biochemical and clinical failures after radical prostatectomy. , 1997, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[393]  P. Carroll,et al.  The use and accuracy of cross-sectional imaging and fine needle aspiration cytology for detection of pelvic lymph node metastases before radical prostatectomy. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[394]  T. Wilt,et al.  Screening for prostate cancer: A Cochrane systematic review , 2007, Cancer Causes & Control.

[395]  P. Walsh American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations for the initial hormonal management of androgen-sensitive metastatic, recurrent, or progressive prostate cancer. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[396]  P. Davidson,et al.  Radical prostatectomy: prospective assessment of mortality and morbidity. , 1996, European urology.

[397]  W. Sause,et al.  Elective pelvic irradiation in stage A2, B carcinoma of the prostate: analysis of RTOG 77-06. , 1988, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[398]  D. Corle,et al.  Radical prostatectomy versus expectant treatment for early carcinoma of the prostate. Twenty-three year follow-up of a prospective randomized study. , 1995, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum.

[399]  F. Montorsi,et al.  External validation of the European association of urology recommendations for pelvic lymph node dissection in patients treated with robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. , 2014, Journal of endourology.

[400]  L. Kiemeney,et al.  Continuous vs. intermittent androgen deprivation therapy for metastatic prostate cancer. , 2013, Urologic oncology.

[401]  K. Miyazono,et al.  Loss of expression of transforming growth factor beta type I and type II receptors correlates with tumor grade in human prostate cancer tissues. , 1996, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[402]  TNM: CLASSIFICATION OF MALIGNANT TUMOURS , 1969 .

[403]  B. Smith,et al.  Radical perineal prostatectomy. , 1956, The Journal of urology.

[404]  V. Berge,et al.  Health‐related quality of life after salvage high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) treatment for locally radiorecurrent prostate cancer , 2011, International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association.

[405]  S. Boorjian,et al.  Timing of androgen deprivation therapy and its impact on survival after radical prostatectomy: a matched cohort study. , 2008, The Journal of urology.

[406]  J. Johansson,et al.  Clinical evaluation of flutamide and estramustine as initial treatment of metastatic carcinoma of prostate. , 1987, Urology.

[407]  A. Partin,et al.  Evaluation of serum prostate-specific antigen velocity after radical prostatectomy to distinguish local recurrence from distant metastases. , 1994, Urology.

[408]  A. Renshaw,et al.  Biochemical Outcome after radical prostatectomy, external beam Radiation Therapy, or interstitial Radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer , 1998 .

[409]  A. Senderowicz,et al.  Flavopiridol: the First Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor in Human Clinical Trials , 2004, Investigational New Drugs.

[410]  D. Tindall,et al.  Effect of dutasteride on the risk of prostate cancer. , 2010, The New England journal of medicine.

[411]  B. Tribukait,et al.  Quantitative estimation of tissue prostate specific antigen, deoxyribonucleic acid ploidy and cytological grade in fine needle aspiration biopsies for prognosis of hormonally treated prostatic carcinoma. , 1992, The Journal of urology.

[412]  D. Brizel,et al.  National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology , 2012 .

[413]  J. Lovato,et al.  Randomized prospective trial of a novel local anesthetic technique for extensive prostate biopsy. , 2003, Urology.

[414]  M. Parmar,et al.  Combined androgen deprivation therapy and radiation therapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: a randomised, phase 3 trial , 2011, The Lancet.

[415]  Peter Oehr,et al.  Recent developments in urologic oncology: positron emission tomography molecular imaging , 2008, Current opinion in oncology.

[416]  M. Soloway,et al.  Prognostic significance of changes in prostate‐specific markers after endocrine treatment of stage D2 prostatic cancer , 1992, Cancer.

[417]  F. Burkhard,et al.  Is pelvic lymph node dissection necessary in patients with a serum PSA<10ng/ml undergoing radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer? , 2006, European urology.

[418]  J. Cadeddu,et al.  Long-term results of radiation therapy for prostate cancer recurrence following radical prostatectomy. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[419]  D. Lubeck,et al.  Differences in urologist and patient assessments of health related quality of life in men with prostate cancer: results of the CaPSURE database. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[420]  C. A. Lawton Utilization and Outcomes of Minimally Invasive Radical Prostatectomy , 2009 .

[421]  P. Scardino,et al.  Radical prostatectomy for clinically localized, high risk prostate cancer: critical analysis of risk assessment methods. , 2007, The Journal of urology.

[422]  O. Cussenot,et al.  Oncological control after radical prostatectomy in men with clinical T3 prostate cancer: a single‐centre experience , 2009, BJU international.

[423]  D. Grignon,et al.  Phase III trial of long-term adjuvant androgen deprivation after neoadjuvant hormonal cytoreduction and radiotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma of the prostate: the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Protocol 92-02. , 2003, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[424]  D. Kuban,et al.  Prostate-specific antigen for pretreatment prediction and posttreatment evaluation of outcome after definitive irradiation for prostate cancer. , 1995, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[425]  G. Haas,et al.  The state of prostate cancer screening in the United States. , 1993, European urology.

[426]  E. Crawford,et al.  Estrogens in the treatment of prostate cancer. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[427]  P. Johnstone,et al.  Radical prostatectomy for clinical T4 prostate cancer , 2006, Cancer.

[428]  W. Catalona,et al.  Management of cancer of the prostate. , 1994, The New England journal of medicine.

[429]  P. Cuddy,et al.  Predicting the patient at low risk for lymph node metastasis with localized prostate cancer: an analysis of four statistical models. , 1996, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[430]  R. Sharifi,et al.  Serum testosterone suppression and potential for agonistic stimulation during chronic treatment with monthly and 3-month depot formulations of leuprolide acetate for advanced prostate cancer. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[431]  M. Heckman,et al.  Salvage radiotherapy for rising prostate-specific antigen levels after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: dose-response analysis. , 2010, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[432]  L. Holmberg,et al.  The Study of Active Monitoring in Sweden (SAMS): A randomized study comparing two different follow-up schedules for active surveillance of low-risk prostate cancer , 2013, Scandinavian journal of urology.

[433]  R. Sylvester,et al.  Comparison of diethylstilbestrol, cyproterone acetate and medroxyprogesterone acetate in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer: final analysis of a randomized phase III trial of the European Organization for Research on Treatment of Cancer Urological Group. , 1986, The Journal of urology.

[434]  Dietmar Schnorr,et al.  Interchangeability of measurements of total and free prostate-specific antigen in serum with 5 frequently used assay combinations: an update. , 2006, Clinical chemistry.

[435]  L. Einhorn,et al.  Vinblastine versus vinblastine plus oral estramustine phosphate for patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: A Hoosier Oncology Group and Fox Chase Network phase III trial. , 1999, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[436]  A. Tizzani,et al.  Is radical prostatectomy feasible in all cases of locally advanced non-bone metastatic prostate cancer? Results of a single-institution study. , 2007, European urology.

[437]  S. Isorna Martínez de la Riva,et al.  [Radical prostatectomy as monotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer (T3a): 12 years follow-up]. , 2004, Archivos espanoles de urologia.

[438]  M. Manyak,et al.  (111) INDIUM-CAPROMAB PENDETIDE IN THE EVALUATION OF PATIENTS WITH RESIDUAL OR RECURRENT PROSTATE CANCER AFTER RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY , 1998 .

[439]  Michael N. Ferrandino,et al.  Intraoperative and postoperative complications of radical retropubic prostatectomy in a consecutive series of 1,000 cases. , 2001, The Journal of urology.

[440]  R. Santen,et al.  Androgen priming and chemotherapy in advanced prostate cancer: evaluation of determinants of clinical outcome. , 1988, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[441]  K. Haustermans,et al.  A pretreatment table for the prediction of final histopathology after radical prostatectomy in clinical unilateral T3a prostate cancer. , 2007, European urology.

[442]  Xavier Leroy,et al.  Prostate cancer diagnosis: multiparametric MR-targeted biopsy with cognitive and transrectal US-MR fusion guidance versus systematic biopsy--prospective multicenter study. , 2013, Radiology.

[443]  J. Coebergh,et al.  Trends in survival of prostate cancer in southeastern Netherlands, 1971–1989 , 1999, International journal of cancer.

[444]  P. Schellhammer,et al.  Prostate-specific antigen to determine progression-free survival after radiation therapy for localized carcinoma of prostate. , 1993, Urology.

[445]  C. Roehrborn,et al.  Using biopsy to detect prostate cancer. , 2008, Reviews in urology.

[446]  Santiago Peiró Martínez de la Riva,et al.  PROSTATECTOMÍA RADICAL COMO MONOTERAPIA EN EL CANCER DE PRÓSTATA LOCALMENTE AVANZADO T3a: 12 AÑOS DE SEGUIMIENTO. , 2004 .

[447]  W. Hop,et al.  Tumour control according to pathological variables in patients treated by radical prostatectomy for clinically localized carcinoma of the prostate. , 1997, British journal of urology.

[448]  G. Bubley,et al.  Is the flare phenomenon clinically significant? , 2001, Urology.

[449]  J. Oesterling,et al.  Prostate specific antigen in the staging of localized prostate cancer: influence of tumor differentiation, tumor volume and benign hyperplasia. , 1990, The Journal of urology.

[450]  J. Wolff,et al.  Intermittent Androgen Castration: A Biological Reality during Intermittent Treatment in Metastatic Prostate Cancer? , 2005, Urologia Internationalis.

[451]  Haiqun Lin,et al.  Radial Distance of Extraprostatic Extension Measured by Ocular Micrometer is an Independent Predictor of Prostate-specific Antigen Recurrence: A New Proposal for the Substaging of pT3a Prostate Cancer , 2007, The American journal of surgical pathology.

[452]  John H Suh,et al.  Randomized trial of short- versus long-course radiotherapy for palliation of painful bone metastases. , 2005, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[453]  H. Daniell Osteoporosis after orchiectomy for prostate cancer. , 1997, The Journal of urology.

[454]  Rodolfo Montironi,et al.  International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Handling and Staging of Radical Prostatectomy Specimens. Working group 3: extraprostatic extension, lymphovascular invasion and locally advanced disease , 2011, Modern Pathology.

[455]  N. Breslow,et al.  Latent carcinoma of prostate at autopsy in seven areas. Collaborative study organized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyons, France , 1977, International journal of cancer.

[456]  Consensus statement: the Management of Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Panel. , 1988, NCI monographs : a publication of the National Cancer Institute.

[457]  A. V. von Eschenbach,et al.  Prognostic factors for clinically localized prostate carcinoma , 1997, Cancer.

[458]  T. Tammela,et al.  The FinnProstate Study VII: intermittent versus continuous androgen deprivation in patients with advanced prostate cancer. , 2012, The Journal of urology.

[459]  Zuofeng Li,et al.  Dose-volume comparison of proton therapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer. , 2008, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[460]  J. Hugosson,et al.  Characteristics of screening detected prostate cancer in men 50 to 66 years old with 3 to 4 ng./ml. Prostate specific antigen. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[461]  P. Boyle,et al.  International trends in prostatic cancer , 1984, International journal of cancer.

[462]  Dirk F Moore,et al.  Impact of comorbidity on survival among men with localized prostate cancer. , 2011, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[463]  H. Sandler,et al.  Concurrent androgen deprivation therapy during salvage prostate radiotherapy improves treatment outcomes in high-risk patients. , 2012, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[464]  V. Hasselblad,et al.  Relative effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of methods of androgen suppression in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. , 1999, Evidence report/technology assessment.

[465]  D. Lake,et al.  A randomized study comparing standard versus moderately high dose megestrol acetate for patients with advanced prostate carcinoma , 2000, Cancer.

[466]  L. Collette,et al.  Using PSA to guide timing of androgen deprivation in patients with T0-4 N0-2 M0 prostate cancer not suitable for local curative treatment (EORTC 30891). , 2008, European urology.

[467]  M. Roobol,et al.  The role of the digital rectal examination in subsequent screening visits in the European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer (ERSPC), Rotterdam. , 2008, European urology.

[468]  J. Goodwin,et al.  Increasing use of gonadotropin‐releasing hormone agonists for the treatment of localized prostate carcinoma , 2005, Cancer.

[469]  C. Abbou,et al.  Serum markers as a predictor of response duration and patient survival after hormonal therapy for metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. , 1997, The Journal of urology.

[470]  J. Manola,et al.  6-month androgen suppression plus radiation therapy vs radiation therapy alone for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer: a randomized controlled trial. , 2004, JAMA.

[471]  M. Soloway,et al.  Periprostatic Local Anesthesia before Ultrasound–Guided Prostate Biopsy: An Update of the Miami Experience , 2001, European Urology.

[472]  J. Trachtenberg,et al.  Combination finasteride and flutamide in advanced carcinoma of the prostate: effective therapy with minimal side effects. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[473]  P. Goodman,et al.  A controlled trial of leuprolide with and without flutamide in prostatic carcinoma. , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[474]  J. Crowley,et al.  Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or =4.0 ng per milliliter. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[475]  Y. Yamada,et al.  A Phase II study of salvage high-dose-rate brachytherapy for the treatment of locally recurrent prostate cancer after definitive external beam radiotherapy , 2013, Brachytherapy.

[476]  David Chia,et al.  Mortality results from a randomized prostate-cancer screening trial. , 2009, The New England journal of medicine.

[477]  Pontes Je Role of surgery in managing local recurrence following external-beam radiation therapy. , 1994 .

[478]  Holly T. Sullivan,et al.  Clinical staging of prostate cancer: a computer‐simulated study of transperineal prostate biopsy , 2005, BJU international.

[479]  M Mazumdar,et al.  Prostate-specific antigen as a measure of disease outcome in metastatic hormone-refractory prostate cancer. , 1993, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[480]  S. Lipsitz,et al.  Comparative effectiveness of minimally invasive vs open radical prostatectomy. , 2009, JAMA.

[481]  Thomas Hambrock,et al.  Prostate cancer: body-array versus endorectal coil MR imaging at 3 T--comparison of image quality, localization, and staging performance. , 2007, Radiology.

[482]  I. Thompson,et al.  Bilateral orchiectomy with or without flutamide for metastatic prostate cancer. , 1998, The New England journal of medicine.

[483]  A. Heidenreich,et al.  Ibandronate in the treatment of prostate cancer associated painful osseous metastases , 2002, Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases.

[484]  G. Muir,et al.  Laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection allows significantly more accurate staging in “high‐risk” prostate cancer compared to MRI or CT , 2003, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology.

[485]  R. Sylvester,et al.  Maximal Androgen Blockade: Final Analysis of EORTC Phase III Trial 30853 , 1998, European Urology.

[486]  W. Catalona,et al.  Evaluation of percentage of free serum prostate-specific antigen to improve specificity of prostate cancer screening. , 1995, JAMA.

[487]  R E Lenkinski,et al.  Prostate cancer: local staging with endorectal surface coil MR imaging. , 1991, Radiology.

[488]  R B Jeffrey,et al.  Prostatic carcinoma: staging by clinical assessment, CT, and MR imaging. , 1987, Radiology.

[489]  P. Walsh,et al.  Radical prostatectomy for impalpable prostate cancer: the Johns Hopkins experience with tumors found on transurethral resection (stages T1A and T1B) and on needle biopsy (stage T1C). , 1994, The Journal of urology.

[490]  G. Bubley,et al.  Mutation of the androgen-receptor gene in metastatic androgen-independent prostate cancer. , 1995, The New England journal of medicine.

[491]  J. Oesterling,et al.  Standard versus age-specific prostate specific antigen reference ranges among men with clinically localized prostate cancer: A pathological analysis. , 1996, The Journal of urology.

[492]  M. Menon,et al.  Retropubic, laparoscopic, and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: a systematic review and cumulative analysis of comparative studies. , 2009, European urology.

[493]  M. Heckman,et al.  Salvage radiotherapy for isolated prostate specific antigen increase after radical prostatectomy: evaluation of prognostic factors and creation of a prognostic scoring system. , 2006, The Journal of urology.

[494]  B. Furr,et al.  The development of Casodex (bicalutamide): preclinical studies. , 1996, European urology.

[495]  Motoyoshi Tanaka,et al.  The proportion of free to total prostate specific antigen: A method of detecting prostate carcinoma , 1996, Cancer.

[496]  William R. Fair,et al.  DOSE ESCALATION WITH THREE-DIMENSIONAL CONFORMAL RADIATION THERAPY AFFECTS THE OUTCOME IN PROSTATE CANCER , 1998 .

[497]  B. Linn,et al.  CUMULATIVE ILLNESS RATING SCALE , 1968, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[498]  J. Smith Evaluation of prostate-specific antigen declines for surrogacy in patients treated on SWOG 99-16 , 2007 .

[499]  V. Canzonieri,et al.  [18F]fluorocholine PET/CT imaging for the detection of recurrent prostate cancer at PSA relapse: experience in 100 consecutive patients , 2006, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[500]  W. Sause,et al.  Androgen suppression plus radiation versus radiation alone for patients with D1 (pN+) adenocarcinoma of the prostate (results based on a national prospective randomized trial, RTOG 85-31) , 1996 .

[501]  G. Glatting,et al.  [11C]choline PET/CT imaging in occult local relapse of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy , 2007, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[502]  P. Unger,et al.  Indications for seminal vesicle biopsy and laparoscopic pelvic lymph node dissection in men with localized carcinoma of the prostate. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[503]  P. Scardino,et al.  Salvage radical prostatectomy for recurrence of prostate cancer after radiation therapy , 2003, Current urology reports.

[504]  J. Adolfsson,et al.  Active Monitoring (Deferred Treatment or Watchful Waiting) in the Treatment of Prostate Cancer , 2001, European Urology.

[505]  P. Kantoff,et al.  Androgen receptor mutations in androgen-independent prostate cancer: Cancer and Leukemia Group B Study 9663. , 2003, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[506]  C. Roehrborn,et al.  Diagnostic yield of repeated transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsies stratified by specific histopathologic diagnoses and prostate specific antigen levels. , 1996, Urology.

[507]  L. Diep,et al.  A prospective study of transition from laparoscopic to robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: quality of life outcomes after 36-month follow-up. , 2013, Urology.

[508]  P. Babb,et al.  Patterns and trends in prostate cancer incidence, survival, prevalence and mortality. Part I: international comparisons , 2002, BJU international.

[509]  Richard E. Hautmann,et al.  [11C]Choline PET/CT for Targeted Salvage Lymph Node Dissection in Patients with Biochemical Recurrence after Primary Curative Therapy for Prostate Cancer , 2008, Urologia Internationalis.

[510]  Alexei Trofimov,et al.  Radiotherapy treatment of early-stage prostate cancer with IMRT and protons: a treatment planning comparison. , 2007, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[511]  B. Redman,et al.  Phase II evaluation of oral estramustine and oral etoposide in hormone-refractory adenocarcinoma of the prostate. , 1994, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[512]  Andrew J Vickers,et al.  Prostate cancer-specific mortality after radical prostatectomy for patients treated in the prostate-specific antigen era. , 2009, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[513]  Michael J Barry,et al.  Natural experiment examining impact of aggressive screening and treatment on prostate cancer mortality in two fixed cohorts from Seattle area and Connecticut , 2002, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[514]  J. Adolfsson Watchful waiting and active surveillance: the current position , 2008, BJU international.

[515]  J. Chin,et al.  Whole‐gland salvage high‐intensity focused ultrasound therapy for localized prostate cancer recurrence after external beam radiation therapy , 2012, Cancer.

[516]  M. Cherrier,et al.  Cognitive and mood changes in men undergoing intermittent combined androgen blockade for non‐metastatic prostate cancer , 2009, Psycho-oncology.

[517]  T. Phan,et al.  High dose rate brachytherapy as a boost for the treatment of localized prostate cancer. , 2007, The Journal of urology.

[518]  Susan Halabi,et al.  Design and end points of clinical trials for patients with progressive prostate cancer and castrate levels of testosterone: recommendations of the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Working Group. , 2008, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[519]  G. Montana,et al.  The efficacy of postprostatectomy radiotherapy in patients with an isolated elevation of serum prostate-specific antigen. , 1995, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[520]  Z. Petrovich,et al.  The Role of Prostate-Specific Antigen in the Management of Prostate Cancer , 1996 .

[521]  R. Kahnoski,et al.  Bicalutamide 150 mg maintains bone mineral density during monotherapy for localized or locally advanced prostate cancer. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[522]  J. Chin,et al.  UPDATE OF SWOG 8794: ADJUVANT RADIOTHERAPY FOR PT3 PROSTATE CANCER IMPROVES METASTASIS FREE SURVIVAL , 2008 .

[523]  H M Pollack,et al.  Use of endorectal surface coil magnetic resonance imaging for local staging of prostate cancer. , 1993, The Journal of urology.

[524]  James A Eastham,et al.  Pathological upgrading and up staging with immediate repeat biopsy in patients eligible for active surveillance. , 2008, The Journal of urology.

[525]  K. Palmer,et al.  Pentafecta: a new concept for reporting outcomes of robot-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. , 2011, European urology.

[526]  D W Hillman,et al.  Radiotherapy for isolated serum prostate specific antigen elevation after prostatectomy for prostate cancer. , 2000, The Journal of urology.

[527]  R. Zarbo,et al.  Diagnostic uncertainty expressed in prostate needle biopsies. A College of American Pathologists Q-probes Study of 15,753 prostate needle biopsies in 332 institutions. , 1999, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine.

[528]  U. Steiner,et al.  Randomised prospective study of intermittent versus continuous androgen suppression in advanced prostate cancer , 2007 .

[529]  O. Rouvière,et al.  Imaging of prostate cancer local recurrences: why and how? , 2010, European Radiology.

[530]  W. Stadler,et al.  Nilutamide: possible utility as a second-line hormonal agent. , 2001, Urology.

[531]  F. Joly,et al.  Health-related quality of life and sequelae in patients treated with brachytherapy and external beam irradiation for localized prostate cancer. , 1998, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[532]  P. Rzehak,et al.  Long-term outcome after elective irradiation of the pelvic lymphatics and local dose escalation using high-dose-rate brachytherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer. , 2002, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[533]  G. Bartsch,et al.  Diagnostic effect of an improved preembedding method of prostate needle biopsy specimens. , 2000, Human pathology.

[534]  W. Catalona,et al.  Clinical use of prostate specific antigen in patients with prostate cancer. , 1989, The Journal of urology.

[535]  Alan W Partin,et al.  Active Surveillance Program for Prostate Cancer: An Update of the Johns Hopkins Experience , 2011 .

[536]  F. Saad,et al.  Abiraterone acetate for treatment of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: final overall survival analysis of the COU-AA-301 randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study. , 2012, The Lancet. Oncology.

[537]  P. Iversen Orchidectomy and Oestrogen Therapy Revisited , 1998, European Urology.

[538]  C. Mettlin Impact of screening on prostate cancer rates and trends , 2000, Microscopy research and technique.

[539]  M. Marberger,et al.  High-energy shockwaves and extracorporeal high-intensity focused ultrasound. , 2003, Journal of endourology.

[540]  A. Zwinderman,et al.  Comparison of three radiotherapy modalities on biochemical control and overall survival for the treatment of prostate cancer: a systematic review. , 2009, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[541]  A W Partin,et al.  Contemporary update of prostate cancer staging nomograms (Partin Tables) for the new millennium. , 2002, Urology.

[542]  A. Heidenreich,et al.  Bilateral fine-needle administered local anaesthetic nerve block for pain control during TRUS-guided multi-core prostate biopsy: a prospective randomised trial. , 2002, European urology.

[543]  J. Rassweiler,et al.  Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy with the Heilbronn technique: an analysis of the first 180 cases. , 2001, The Journal of urology.

[544]  P. Novotny,et al.  Methodologic lessons learned from hot flash studies. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[545]  E. Crawford,et al.  A phase III extension trial with a 1-arm crossover from leuprolide to degarelix: comparison of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and antagonist effect on prostate cancer. , 2011, The Journal of urology.

[546]  I. Thompson,et al.  Prostate cancer screening and disease management: how screening may have an unintended effect on survival and mortality-the camel's nose effect. , 2007, The Journal of urology.

[547]  M. Kattan,et al.  Radical prostatectomy in men aged ≥70 years: effect of age on upgrading, upstaging, and the accuracy of a preoperative nomogram , 2008, BJU international.

[548]  P. Carroll,et al.  Predicting the risk of lymph node involvement using the pre-treatment prostate specific antigen and Gleason score in men with clinically localized prostate cancer. , 1994, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[549]  A. V. von Eschenbach,et al.  Transrectal ultrasound for staging prostate carcinoma prior to radiation therapy , 1999, Cancer.

[550]  B. Freidlin,et al.  Eligibility and response guidelines for phase II clinical trials in androgen-independent prostate cancer: recommendations from the Prostate-Specific Antigen Working Group. , 1999, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[551]  G. Viani,et al.  Higher-than-conventional radiation doses in localized prostate cancer treatment: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials. , 2009, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[552]  A. Tolcher Preliminary phase I results of G3139 (bcl-2 antisense oligonucleotide) therapy in combination with docetaxel in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. , 2001, Seminars in oncology.

[553]  J. Estève,et al.  Cancer in the European Community and its member states. , 1990, European journal of cancer.

[554]  M. Kattan,et al.  Comparison of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging, guided prostate biopsy and digital rectal examination in the preoperative anatomical localization of prostate cancer. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[555]  A. Pollack,et al.  Radiotherapy and androgen ablation for clinically localized high-risk prostate cancer. , 1995, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[556]  D. Kuban,et al.  Definitions of biochemical failure that best predict clinical failure in patients with prostate cancer treated with external beam radiation alone: a multi-institutional pooled analysis. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[557]  N. Vogelzang Comprehensive Textbook of Genitourinary Oncology , 1996 .

[558]  M. Piérart,et al.  Late toxicity following conventional radiotherapy for prostate cancer: analysis of the EORTC trial 22863. , 2004, European journal of cancer.

[559]  Yoshiya Yamada,et al.  Ultra-high dose (86.4 Gy) IMRT for localized prostate cancer: toxicity and biochemical outcomes. , 2008, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[560]  K. Stravodimos,et al.  Pain during transrectal ultrasonography guided prostate biopsy: a randomized prospective trial comparing periprostatic infiltration with lidocaine with the intrarectal instillation of lidocaine-prilocain cream , 2004, World Journal of Urology.

[561]  A. Evans,et al.  ‘Prostatic evasive anterior tumours’: the role of magnetic resonance imaging , 2010, BJU international.

[562]  H. Schmid,et al.  Early detection of prostate cancer in men with prostatism and intermediate prostate-specific antigen levels. , 1996, Urology.

[563]  J. Melamed,et al.  The New York University nerve sparing algorithm decreases the rate of positive surgical margins following radical retropubic prostatectomy. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[564]  M. Wirth,et al.  Bicalutamide (Casodex) 150 mg as immediate therapy in patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer significantly reduces the risk of disease progression. , 2001, Urology.

[565]  Ashutosh Tewari,et al.  Positive surgical margin and perioperative complication rates of primary surgical treatments for prostate cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis comparing retropubic, laparoscopic, and robotic prostatectomy. , 2012, European urology.

[566]  H. Sandler,et al.  Duration of androgen suppression before radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: radiation therapy oncology group randomized clinical trial 9910. , 2015, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[567]  P. Kantoff,et al.  Complications after treatment with external-beam irradiation in early-stage prostate cancer patients: a prospective multiinstitutional outcomes study. , 1997, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[568]  Andrew J Vickers,et al.  Pretreatment prostate-specific antigen (PSA) velocity and doubling time are associated with outcome but neither improves prediction of outcome beyond pretreatment PSA alone in patients treated with radical prostatectomy. , 2009, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[569]  E. Messing,et al.  Prostate cancer in the elderly , 2012, Cancer.

[570]  P. Scardino,et al.  Is tumor volume an independent prognostic factor in clinically localized prostate cancer? , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[571]  R. Laing,et al.  Survival with Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Prostate Cancer in the "Docetaxel Era": Data from 917 Patients in the Control Arm of the STAMPEDE Trial (MRC PR08, CRUK/06/019). , 2015, European urology.

[572]  K. Karamanis,et al.  Identification of metastatic disease by T category, gleason score and serum PSA level in patients with carcinoma of the prostate. , 1992, British journal of urology.

[573]  B. Tombal,et al.  Cardiovascular morbidity associated with gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists and an antagonist. , 2014, European urology.

[574]  L. Holmberg,et al.  Trends in prostate cancer survival in Sweden, 1960 through 1988: evidence of increasing diagnosis of nonlethal tumors. , 1996, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[575]  A. Haese*,et al.  Radical prostatectomy improves progression‐free and cancer‐specific survival in men with lymph node positive prostate cancer in the prostate‐specific antigen era: a confirmatory study , 2011, BJU international.

[576]  R. Oyen Imaging Modalities in Diagnosis and Staging of Carcinoma of the Prostate , 1996 .

[577]  J. Trachtenberg,et al.  Changes in health utilities and health-related quality of life over 12 months following radical prostatectomy. , 2013, Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada.

[578]  R. Fimmers,et al.  Repeated bone-targeted therapy for hormone-refractory prostate carcinoma: tandomized phase II trial with the new, high-energy radiopharmaceutical rhenium-188 hydroxyethylidenediphosphonate. , 2003, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[579]  Matthew R. Sydes,et al.  Final Report of the Intergroup Randomized Study of Combined Androgen-Deprivation Therapy Plus Radiotherapy Versus Androgen-Deprivation Therapy Alone in Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer , 2015, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[580]  J. Eastham,et al.  High‐intensity focused ultrasound for prostate cancer: comparative definitions of biochemical failure , 2009, BJU international.

[581]  Vassilis Poulakis,et al.  Preoperative neural network using combined magnetic resonance imaging variables, prostate specific antigen and Gleason score to predict prostate cancer stage. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[582]  P. Kantoff,et al.  7002 Further analysis of a Phase II randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a poxviral-based PSA targeted immunotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) , 2009 .

[583]  M. Kattan,et al.  Clinical and pathological significance of the level and extent of capsular invasion in clinical stage T1-2 prostate cancer. , 1998, Human pathology.

[584]  M. Housset,et al.  Phase II study of the oral cyclophosphamide and oral etoposide combination in hormone‐refractory prostate carcinoma patients , 1996, Cancer.

[585]  R. A. Jones,et al.  Immediate versus deferred treatment for advanced prostatic cancer: initial results of the Medical Research Council Trial. The Medical Research Council Prostate Cancer Working Party Investigators Group. , 1997, British journal of urology.

[586]  Jeffrey K. Cohen,et al.  A pretreatment nomogram predicting biochemical failure after salvage cryotherapy for locally recurrent prostate cancer , 2009, BJU international.

[587]  J. Hugosson,et al.  The risk of malignancy in the surgical margin at radical prostatectomy reduced almost three-fold in patients given neo-adjuvant hormone treatment. , 1996, European urology.

[588]  F. Saad,et al.  Natural history of rising serum prostate-specific antigen in men with castrate nonmetastatic prostate cancer. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[589]  P. Walsh Increased Risk of Rectal Cancer After Prostate Radiation: A Population-Based Study , 2005 .

[590]  Clare Allen,et al.  Is it time to consider a role for MRI before prostate biopsy? , 2009, Nature Reviews Clinical Oncology.

[591]  A. Orsola,et al.  Redefining clinically significant castration levels in patients with prostate cancer receiving continuous androgen deprivation therapy. , 2007, The Journal of urology.

[592]  A. D'Amico,et al.  Endorectal magnetic resonance imaging as a predictor of biochemical outcome after radical prostatectomy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer. , 2000, The Journal of urology.

[593]  D. Gunnell,et al.  International trends in prostate‐cancer mortality in the “PSA era” , 2001, International journal of cancer.

[594]  S. Hancock,et al.  Prostate specific antigen after radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a reevaluation of long-term biochemical control and the kinetics of recurrence in patients treated at Stanford University. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[595]  Xavier Leroy,et al.  Dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI of anterior prostate cancer: morphometric assessment and correlation with radical prostatectomy findings , 2009, European Radiology.

[596]  Edward Giovannucci,et al.  The correlation between metabolic syndrome and prostatic diseases. , 2012, European urology.

[597]  S. Larson,et al.  Phase I study of docetaxel and 153Sm repetitively administered for castrate metastatic prostate cancer (CMPC) , 2007 .

[598]  T. Wilt,et al.  Early versus deferred androgen suppression in the treatment of advanced prostatic cancer. , 2001, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[599]  D. Kuban,et al.  Improved biochemical relapse-free survival with increased external radiation doses in patients with localized prostate cancer: the combined experience of nine institutions in patients treated in 1994 and 1995. , 2003, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[600]  Schroeder Fh,et al.  Pure antiandrogens as monotherapy in prospective studies of prostatic carcinoma. , 1990 .

[601]  E. Messing,et al.  Prostate-specific antigen as a predictor of radiotherapy response and patterns of failure in localized prostate cancer. , 1992, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[602]  L. Niskanen,et al.  Testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin predict the metabolic syndrome and diabetes in middle-aged men. , 2004, Diabetes care.

[603]  N. Dawson,et al.  Dramatic prostate specific antigen decrease in response to discontinuation of megestrol acetate in advanced prostate cancer: expansion of the antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[604]  P. Carroll,et al.  Androgen deprivation therapy for the treatment of prostate cancer: consider both benefits and risks. , 2009, European urology.

[605]  P. Kantoff,et al.  Prognostic indicators in hormone refractory prostate cancer. , 1999, The Urologic clinics of North America.

[606]  S. Fanti,et al.  Early Biochemical Relapse After Radical Prostatectomy: Which Prostate Cancer Patients May Benefit from a Restaging 11C-Choline PET/CT Scan Before Salvage Radiation Therapy? , 2014, The Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[607]  Michael J. Zelefsky,et al.  High-dose intensity modulated radiation therapy for prostate cancer: early toxicity and biochemical outcome in 772 patients. , 2002, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[608]  C. Reddy,et al.  Higher than standard radiation doses (> or =72 Gy) with or without androgen deprivation in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. , 2000, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[609]  H. Fukuda,et al.  European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) and International Society for Cutaneous Lymphoma (ISCL) consensus recommendations for the management of cutaneous B-cell lymphomas Blood 2008; 112(5):1600-9 , 2022 .

[610]  L. Potters,et al.  Radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy <72 Gy, external beam radiotherapy > or =72 Gy, permanent seed implantation, or combined seeds/external beam radiotherapy for stage T1-T2 prostate cancer. , 2002, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[611]  A W Partin,et al.  Combination of prostate-specific antigen, clinical stage, and Gleason score to predict pathological stage of localized prostate cancer. A multi-institutional update. , 1997, JAMA.

[612]  M. Terris,et al.  Routine transition zone and seminal vesicle biopsies in all patients undergoing transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsies are not indicated. , 1997, The Journal of urology.

[613]  Michael W Kattan,et al.  Cancer control with radical prostatectomy alone in 1,000 consecutive patients. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[614]  J. Adolfsson,et al.  Recent results of management of palpable clinically localized prostate cancer , 1993, Cancer.

[615]  B. K. Park,et al.  Prospective evaluation of 3-T MRI performed before initial transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy in patients with high prostate-specific antigen and no previous biopsy. , 2011, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[616]  K. Fokas,et al.  Comparative experimental study of the serum prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in serially transplantable human prostatic carcinoma lines in nude mice. , 1988, The Journal of urology.

[617]  L. Klotz,et al.  CLINICAL RESULTS OF LONG TERM FOLLOW-UP OF A LARGE ACTIVE SURVEILLANCE COHORT , 2009 .

[618]  P. Boyle,et al.  Finasteride in association with either flutamide or goserelin as combination hormonal therapy in patients with stage M1 carcinoma of the prostate gland , 1999, The Prostate.

[619]  M. Kattan,et al.  Management of prostate cancer in older men: recommendations of a working group of the International Society of Geriatric Oncology , 2010, BJU international.

[620]  Andrea Salonia,et al.  Complications and other surgical outcomes associated with extended pelvic lymphadenectomy in men with localized prostate cancer. , 2006, European urology.

[621]  Susanne Hempel,et al.  Diagnostic value of systematic biopsy methods in the investigation of prostate cancer: a systematic review. , 2006, The Journal of urology.

[622]  M. Blute,et al.  Salvage surgery for radiorecurrent prostate cancer: contemporary outcomes. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[623]  M. Rubin,et al.  ETS gene fusions in prostate cancer: from discovery to daily clinical practice. , 2009, European urology.

[624]  J. Witjes,et al.  Predictive value of PCA3 in urinary sediments in determining clinico‐pathological characteristics of prostate cancer , 2010, The Prostate.

[625]  U. Capitanio,et al.  More extensive pelvic lymph node dissection improves survival in patients with node-positive prostate cancer. , 2015, European urology.

[626]  S. Boorjian,et al.  Mayo Clinic validation of the D'amico risk group classification for predicting survival following radical prostatectomy. , 2008, The Journal of urology.

[627]  D. Grignon,et al.  Androgen suppression adjuvant to definitive radiotherapy in prostate carcinoma--long-term results of phase III RTOG 85-31. , 2005, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[628]  Jack Clark,et al.  Symptom Indexes to Assess Outcomes of Treatment for Early Prostate Cancer , 2001, Medical care.

[629]  J. Tchinda,et al.  Recurrent Fusion of TMPRSS2 and ETS Transcription Factor Genes in Prostate Cancer , 2005, Science.

[630]  J. Kotzerke,et al.  18F-Choline, 11C-choline and 11C-acetate PET/CT: comparative analysis for imaging prostate cancer patients , 2013, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[631]  R. Vessella,et al.  Ligand-independent androgen receptor variants derived from splicing of cryptic exons signify hormone-refractory prostate cancer. , 2009, Cancer research.

[632]  M. Holdsworth,et al.  Nilutamide: An Antiandrogen for the Treatment of Prostate Cancer , 1997, The Annals of pharmacotherapy.

[633]  G. Murphy,et al.  National patterns of prostate cancer treatment by radical prostatectomy: results of a survey by the American College of Surgeons Commission on Cancer. , 1994, The Journal of urology.

[634]  P. Schellhammer,et al.  Results of a placebo-controlled phase III trial of immunotherapy with APC8015 for patients with hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC) , 2005 .

[635]  Peter Carroll,et al.  Rising PSA after a Radical Treatment , 2001, European Urology.

[636]  R A Stephenson,et al.  Health outcomes after prostatectomy or radiotherapy for prostate cancer: results from the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study. , 2000, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[637]  P. Scardino,et al.  Impact of prior prostate radiation on complications after radical prostatectomy. , 2010, The Journal of urology.

[638]  W Cavanagh,et al.  Palladium-103 brachytherapy for prostate carcinoma. , 2000, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[639]  J. Stanford,et al.  Quality-of-life outcomes after primary androgen deprivation therapy: results from the Prostate Cancer Outcomes Study. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[640]  S. Steinberg,et al.  Randomized phase II trial of docetaxel plus thalidomide in androgen-independent prostate cancer. , 2004, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[641]  B. Johansson,et al.  Effects of a dietary intervention on acute gastrointestinal side effects and other aspects of health-related quality of life: a randomized controlled trial in prostate cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy. , 2012, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[642]  Tessa Buckle,et al.  Intraoperative laparoscopic fluorescence guidance to the sentinel lymph node in prostate cancer patients: clinical proof of concept of an integrated functional imaging approach using a multimodal tracer. , 2011, European urology.

[643]  W. Whitmore,et al.  The role of neoadjuvant hormonal manipulation in localized prostatic cancer , 1993, Cancer.

[644]  A. Martinez,et al.  The correlation between the ASTRO Consensus Panel definition of biochemical failure and clinical outcome for patients with prostate cancer treated with external beam irradiation. American Society of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology. , 1998, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[645]  S. Joniau,et al.  Potency after unilateral nerve sparing surgery: a report on functional and oncological results of unilateral nerve sparing surgery , 2003, Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases.

[646]  H. Borchers,et al.  Metastatic workup of patients with prostate cancer employing alkaline phosphatase and skeletal alkaline phosphatase. , 1999, Anticancer Research.

[647]  V. Lowe,et al.  Operational characteristics of (11)c-choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography for prostate cancer with biochemical recurrence after initial treatment. , 2013, The Journal of urology.

[648]  F. Montorsi,et al.  Pretreatment tables predicting pathologic stage of locally advanced prostate cancer. , 2015, European urology.

[649]  G. Giusti,et al.  Evaluation of complications and results in a contemporary series of 300 consecutive radical retropubic prostatectomies with the anatomic approach at a single institution. , 2003, Urology.

[650]  H. Wildiers,et al.  Relevance of a systematic geriatric screening and assessment in older patients with cancer: results of a prospective multicentric study. , 2013, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[651]  J. D. Fergusson,et al.  Plasma testosterone: an accurate monitor of hormone treatment in prostatic cancer. , 1973, British journal of urology.

[652]  M. Wirth,et al.  Bicalutamide 150 mg plus standard care vs standard care alone for early prostate cancer , 2006, BJU international.

[653]  J. Ferlay,et al.  Cancer incidence and mortality in Europe, 2004. , 2005, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[654]  M. Lawton,et al.  Assessment of Older People: Self-Maintaining and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living , 1969 .

[655]  D. Chan,et al.  Comparative analysis of complexed prostate specific antigen, free prostate specific antigen and their ratio in detecting prostate cancer. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[656]  Juni Palmgren,et al.  A randomized trial comparing radical prostatectomy with watchful waiting in early prostate cancer. , 2002, The New England journal of medicine.

[657]  W. Pitts,et al.  Diethylstilbesterol revisited: androgen deprivation, osteoporosis and prostate cancer. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[658]  J. Mcconnell Physiologic basis of endocrine therapy for prostatic cancer. , 1991, The Urologic clinics of North America.

[659]  J. Damber,et al.  Combined orchiectomy and external radiotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for nonmetastatic prostate cancer with or without pelvic lymph node involvement: a prospective randomized study. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[660]  D. Mitchell,et al.  Prostate carcinoma: assessment of diagnostic criteria for capsular penetration on endorectal coil MR images. , 1994, Radiology.

[661]  D. Byar,et al.  Reconsideration of orchiectomy in the treatment of advanced prostatic carcinoma. , 1977, Southern medical journal.

[662]  E. Crawford,et al.  Targeted focal therapy: a minimally invasive ablation technique for early prostate cancer. , 2007, Oncology.

[663]  J. Oesterling,et al.  Preoperative androgen deprivation therapy: artificial lowering of serum prostate specific antigen without downstaging the tumor. , 1993, The Journal of urology.

[664]  A. Haese*,et al.  High incidence of prostate cancer detected by saturation biopsy after previous negative biopsy series. , 2006, European urology.

[665]  W. Lee,et al.  A preliminary analysis of health-related quality of life in the first year after permanent source interstitial brachytherapy (PIB) for clinically localized prostate cancer. , 2000, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[666]  Madeleine Moussa,et al.  Interobserver Variability Between Expert Urologic Pathologists for Extraprostatic Extension and Surgical Margin Status in Radical Prostatectomy Specimens , 2008, The American journal of surgical pathology.

[667]  C. Ryan,et al.  C-reactive protein as a prognostic marker for men with androgen-independent prostate cancer (AIPC): Results from the ASCENT trial , 2007 .

[668]  M. Perry,et al.  Pain after transrectal ultrasonography‐guided prostate biopsy: the advantages of periprostatic local anaesthesia , 2001, BJU international.

[669]  J R Thornbury,et al.  Prostate cancer staging: should MR imaging be used?--A decision analytic approach. , 2000, Radiology.

[670]  D. Lubeck,et al.  Health related quality of life patterns in patients treated with interstitial prostate brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer--data from CaPSURE. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[671]  Colin B Begg,et al.  Variation of serum prostate-specific antigen levels: an evaluation of year-to-year fluctuations. , 2003, JAMA.

[672]  G. Murphy,et al.  LNCaP model of human prostatic carcinoma. , 1983, Cancer research.

[673]  P. Dettmar,et al.  Limited value of endorectal magnetic resonance imaging and transrectal ultrasonography in the staging of clinically localized prostate cancer , 2001, BJU international.

[674]  H. Neuwirth,et al.  Patterns of positive specimen margins and detectable prostate specific antigen after radical perineal prostatectomy. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[675]  C. Tangen,et al.  Antiandrogen withdrawal in castrate‐refractory prostate cancer , 2008, Cancer.

[676]  Mark Emberton,et al.  Image-guided prostate biopsy using magnetic resonance imaging-derived targets: a systematic review. , 2013, European urology.

[677]  L. Walter,et al.  Cancer screening in elderly patients: a framework for individualized decision making. , 2001, JAMA.

[678]  T. H. van der Kwast,et al.  Prevalence of prostate cancer on autopsy: cross-sectional study on unscreened Caucasian and Asian men. , 2013, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[679]  R. Thompson,et al.  Long-term risk of clinical progression after biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy: the impact of time from surgery to recurrence. , 2011, European urology.

[680]  A. Heidenreich Identification of high-risk prostate cancer: role of prostate-specific antigen, PSA doubling time, and PSA velocity. , 2008, European urology.

[681]  R. deVere White,et al.  Current applications for prostate-specific antigen doubling time. , 2008, European urology.

[682]  L. Kiemeney,et al.  Targeted Prostate Cancer Screening in BRCA1 and BRCA2 Mutation Carriers: Results from the Initial Screening Round of the IMPACT Study , 2014, European urology.

[683]  J. Hugosson,et al.  Three‐month neoadjuvant hormonal therapy before radical prostatectomy: a 7‐year follow‐up of a randomized controlled trial , 2002, BJU international.

[684]  J. Fiet,et al.  Prevention of the transient adverse effects of a gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogue (buserelin) in metastatic prostatic carcinoma by administration of an antiandrogen (nilutamide). , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[685]  D. Rubello,et al.  Role of 11C-choline PET/CT in the restaging of prostate cancer patients showing a single lesion on bone scintigraphy , 2010, Annals of nuclear medicine.

[686]  K. Wallner,et al.  125iodine reimplantation for locally progressive prostatic carcinoma. , 1990, The Journal of urology.

[687]  J. Chapelon,et al.  Mid-term results demonstrate salvage high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) as an effective and acceptably morbid salvage treatment option for locally radiorecurrent prostate cancer. , 2009, European urology.

[688]  M. Coleman,et al.  Cancer survival in Europe 1999-2007 by country and age: results of EUROCARE--5-a population-based study. , 2014, The Lancet. Oncology.

[689]  D. Lubeck,et al.  Predicting recurrence after radical prostatectomy for patients with high risk prostate cancer. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[690]  R. Valicenti,et al.  THE EFFICACY OF EARLY ADJUVANT RADIATION THERAPY FOR pT3N0 PROSTATE CANCER: A MATCHED-PAIR ANALYSIS , 1998 .

[691]  A. Heidenreich,et al.  Radikale Salvageprostatektomie bei lokalem Prostatakarzinomrezidiv nach Strahlentherapie , 2006, Der Urologe.

[692]  P. Grimm,et al.  American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) recommendations for transperineal permanent brachytherapy of prostate cancer. , 1999, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[693]  P. Unger,et al.  Perineural invasion and seminal vesicle involvement predict pelvic lymph node metastasis in men with localized carcinoma of the prostate. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[694]  B. Trock,et al.  The natural history of metastatic progression in men with prostate‐specific antigen recurrence after radical prostatectomy: long‐term follow‐up , 2012, BJU international.

[695]  M. Barry,et al.  Patient-reported complications and follow-up treatment after radical prostatectomy. The National Medicare Experience: 1988-1990 (updated June 1993). , 1993, Urology.

[696]  A. Diokno,et al.  Are pelvic computed tomography, bone scan and pelvic lymphadenectomy necessary in the staging of prostatic cancer? , 1995, British journal of urology.

[697]  U. Engelmann,et al.  The use of bisphosphonate for the palliative treatment of painful bone metastasis due to hormone refractory prostate cancer. , 2001, The Journal of urology.

[698]  A. D'Amico,et al.  Cancer-specific mortality after surgery or radiation for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer managed during the prostate-specific antigen era. , 2003, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[699]  Y. Jo,et al.  Optimal approach for prostate cancer detection as initial biopsy: prospective randomized study comparing transperineal versus transrectal systematic 12-core biopsy. , 2008, Urology.

[700]  P. Kantoff,et al.  Overall survival analysis of a phase II randomized controlled trial of a Poxviral-based PSA-targeted immunotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. , 2010, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[701]  A. Eaton,et al.  CYPROTERONE ACETATE IN TREATMENT OF POST-ORCHIDECTOMY HOT FLUSHES Double-blind Cross-over Trial , 1983, The Lancet.

[702]  H. G. van der Poel,et al.  Treatment outcome and toxicity after salvage 125-I implantation for prostate cancer recurrences after primary 125-I implantation and external beam radiotherapy. , 2010, Brachytherapy.

[703]  O. Hélénon,et al.  Extraprostatic spread of clinically localized prostate cancer: factors predictive of pT3 tumor and of positive endorectal MR imaging examination results. , 2002, Radiology.

[704]  A. Haese*,et al.  Long‐term data on the survival of patients with prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy in the prostate‐specific antigen era , 2009, BJU international.

[705]  C. Cooper,et al.  Steroid hormone receptors in prostate cancer: a hard habit to break? , 2009, Cancer cell.

[706]  L. R. Jensen,et al.  Peripheral Zone Prostate Cancer Localization by Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance at 3 T: Unbiased Cancer Identification by Matching to Histopathology , 2012, Investigative radiology.

[707]  K. Wallner,et al.  Five-year biochemical outcome and toxicity with transperineal CT-planned permanent I-125 prostate implantation for patients with localized prostate cancer. , 2000, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[708]  P. Esper,et al.  Supportive care in the patient with hormone refractory prostate cancer. , 1997, Seminars in urologic oncology.

[709]  B. Leibovich,et al.  Locally recurrent prostate cancer after initial radiation therapy: a comparison of salvage radical prostatectomy versus cryotherapy. , 2009, The Journal of urology.

[710]  Sten Nilsson,et al.  Prognostic factors and reporting of prostate carcinoma in radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy specimens , 2005, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum.

[711]  L. Collette,et al.  Differences in time to disease progression do not predict for cancer-specific survival in patients receiving immediate or deferred androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: final results of EORTC randomized trial 30891 with 12 years of follow-up. , 2014, European urology.

[712]  J. Oesterling,et al.  Prostate specific antigen: a critical assessment of the most useful tumor marker for adenocarcinoma of the prostate. , 1991, The Journal of urology.

[713]  Andriole Gl,et al.  Serum PSA after antiandrogen therapy. , 1993 .

[714]  L. Baert,et al.  Neoadjuvant hormonal therapy before radical prostatectomy decreases the number of positive surgical margins in stage T2 prostate cancer: interim results of a prospective randomized trial. The Belgian Uro-Oncological Study Group. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[715]  D. Bostwick,et al.  Three-dimensional prostate mapping biopsy has a potentially significant impact on prostate cancer management. , 2009, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[716]  L. Collette,et al.  Why phase III trials of maximal androgen blockade versus castration in M1 prostate cancer rarely show statistically significant differences * , 2001, The Prostate.

[717]  L. Fink,et al.  Circulating Tumor Cells in Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Baseline Values and Correlation with Prognostic Factors , 2009, Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention.

[718]  G. Miller,et al.  Rapid microwave‐stimulated fixation of entire prostatectomy specimens , 1997, The Journal of pathology.

[719]  A. Civelek,et al.  The value of a baseline bone scan in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. , 1999, Clinical nuclear medicine.

[720]  S. Piantadosi,et al.  Clinical evidence for and implications of the multistep development of prostate cancer. , 1990, The Journal of urology.

[721]  T. H. van der Kwast,et al.  Incidence and follow‐up of patients with focal prostate carcinoma in 2 screening rounds after an interval of 4 years , 2005, Cancer.

[722]  Yair Lotan,et al.  Systematic review of complications of prostate biopsy. , 2013, European urology.

[723]  L. Salomon,et al.  Prostate cancer antigen 3 score accurately predicts tumour volume and might help in selecting prostate cancer patients for active surveillance. , 2011, European urology.

[724]  Adam P Dicker,et al.  Comparative analysis of prostate‐specific antigen free survival outcomes for patients with low, intermediate and high risk prostate cancer treatment by radical therapy. Results from the Prostate Cancer Results Study Group , 2012, BJU international.

[725]  A. D'Amico,et al.  Influence of androgen suppression therapy for prostate cancer on the frequency and timing of fatal myocardial infarctions. , 2007, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[726]  S. Mohile,et al.  A randomized phase 1 study of testosterone replacement for patients with low-risk castration-resistant prostate cancer. , 2009, European urology.

[727]  H. Levin,et al.  Correlation of clinical and pathologic factors with rising prostate-specific antigen profiles after radical prostatectomy alone for clinically localized prostate cancer. , 1996, Urology.

[728]  V. Molinie,et al.  Impact of radiotherapy (RT) combined with androgen deprivation (ADT) versus ADT alone for local control in clinically locally advanced prostate cancer. , 2010 .

[729]  L. Collette,et al.  Quality control of radical prostatectomy: a feasibility study. , 2001, European journal of cancer.

[730]  H. Stoop,et al.  The PTEN gene in locally progressive prostate cancer is preferentially inactivated by bi‐allelic gene deletion , 2006, The Journal of pathology.

[731]  L. Ceriani,et al.  Relationship between prostate-specific antigen kinetics and detection rate of radiolabelled choline PET/CT in restaging prostate cancer patients: a meta-analysis , 2014, Clinical chemistry and laboratory medicine.

[732]  Peter Boyle,et al.  Prostate cancer mortality after introduction of prostate-specific antigen mass screening in the Federal State of Tyrol, Austria. , 2001 .

[733]  Clare Allen,et al.  Accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in detecting recurrent prostate cancer after radiotherapy , 2010, BJU international.

[734]  Xiaoyu Jia,et al.  Circulating tumour cells as prognostic markers in progressive, castration-resistant prostate cancer: a reanalysis of IMMC38 trial data. , 2009, The Lancet. Oncology.

[735]  P. Unger,et al.  Intermediate term biochemical-free progression and local control following 125iodine brachytherapy for prostate cancer. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[736]  A. Leplège,et al.  The problem of quality of life in medicine. , 1997, JAMA.

[737]  J. Armstrong,et al.  Early salvage hormonal therapy for biochemical failure improved survival in prostate cancer patients after neoadjuvant hormonal therapy plus radiation therapy--a secondary analysis of irish clinical oncology research group 97-01. , 2013, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[738]  L. Baert,et al.  Impalpable invisible stage T1c prostate cancer: characteristics and clinical relevance in 100 radical prostatectomy specimens--a different view. , 1997, The Journal of urology.

[739]  G. Rosner,et al.  Randomized study of three different doses of suramin administered with a fixed dosing schedule in patients with advanced prostate cancer: results of intergroup 0159, cancer and leukemia group B 9480. , 2002, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[740]  T. H. van der Kwast,et al.  [EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. Part II: treatment of advanced, relapsing, and castration-resistant prostate cancer]. , 2011, Actas urologicas espanolas.

[741]  E. Crawford,et al.  The role of 3-dimensional mapping biopsy in decision making for treatment of apparent early stage prostate cancer. , 2011, The Journal of urology.

[742]  S. Crouzet,et al.  Value of prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging for predicting biopsy results in first or repeat biopsy. , 2014, Clinical radiology.

[743]  A. Bono,et al.  Intermittent androgen deprivation for locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer: results from a randomised phase 3 study of the South European Uroncological Group. , 2009, European urology.

[744]  J. Fowler,et al.  Variable histology of anastomotic biopsies with detectable prostate specific antigen after radical prostatectomy. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[745]  R. Montironi,et al.  The relationship between the extent of surgical margin positivity and prostate specific antigen recurrence in radical prostatectomy specimens. , 2007, Human pathology.

[746]  V. Mouraviev,et al.  Salvage cryoablation for locally recurrent prostate cancer following primary radiotherapy. , 2012, European urology.

[747]  N. Smith,et al.  Empiric antibiotics for an elevated prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) level: a randomised, prospective, controlled multi‐institutional trial , 2013, BJU international.

[748]  H. Daniell,et al.  Osteoporosis due to androgen deprivation therapy in men with prostate cancer. , 2001, Urology.

[749]  S. Groshen,et al.  Salvage radical prostatectomy: quality of life outcomes and long-term oncological control of radiorecurrent prostate cancer. , 2006, The Journal of urology.

[750]  O. Rouvière,et al.  Characterization of prostate lesions as benign or malignant at multiparametric MR imaging: comparison of three scoring systems in patients treated with radical prostatectomy. , 2014, Radiology.

[751]  F. Farrokhyar,et al.  Single‐session primary high‐intensity focused ultrasonography treatment for localized prostate cancer: biochemical outcomes using third generation‐based technology , 2012, BJU international.

[752]  G. Gustafson,et al.  Lack of benefit for the addition of androgen deprivation therapy to dose-escalated radiotherapy in the treatment of intermediate- and high-risk prostate cancer. , 2008, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[753]  J. Nelson,et al.  Prolongation of off‐cycle interval by finasteride is not associated with survival improvement in intermittent androgen deprivation therapy in LNCaP tumor model , 2009, The Prostate.

[754]  H. G. van der Poel,et al.  Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting urinary continence recovery after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. , 2012, European urology.

[755]  P. Therasse,et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging of the axial skeleton enables objective measurement of tumor response on prostate cancer bone metastases , 2005, The Prostate.

[756]  W. Dahut,et al.  Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. , 2005, JAMA.

[757]  Issam El Naqa,et al.  Pelvic normal tissue contouring guidelines for radiation therapy: a Radiation Therapy Oncology Group consensus panel atlas. , 2012, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[758]  M. Carducci,et al.  Denosumab versus zoledronic acid for treatment of bone metastases in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: a randomised, double-blind study , 2011, The Lancet.

[759]  S. Loening,et al.  Flutamide in the treatment of metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. , 1981, British journal of urology.

[760]  J. Wolter,et al.  Megestrol acetate used as primary hormonal therapy in stage D prostatic cancer. , 1985, Seminars in oncology.

[761]  S. Asch,et al.  Evidence-based standards for cancer pain management. , 2008, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[762]  S. Oudard,et al.  Cabazitaxel or mitoxantrone with prednisone in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) previously treated with docetaxel: Final results of a multinational phase III trial (TROPIC). , 2010 .

[763]  William Berry,et al.  Multinational, double-blind, phase III study of prednisone and either satraplatin or placebo in patients with castrate-refractory prostate cancer progressing after prior chemotherapy: the SPARC trial. , 2009, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[764]  G. Swanson,et al.  Salvage brachytherapy for localized prostate cancer after radiotherapy failure. , 1999, Urology.

[765]  W. Hop,et al.  Progression in and survival of patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (T3) treated with radical prostatectomy as monotherapy. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[766]  M. Piccart,et al.  Phase II study of vinorelbine in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. , 2001, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[767]  C. Tangen,et al.  Docetaxel and estramustine compared with mitoxantrone and prednisone for advanced refractory prostate cancer. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[768]  John T. Wei,et al.  Multi-institutional prospective evaluation of bowel quality of life after prostate external beam radiation therapy identifies patient and treatment factors associated with patient-reported outcomes: the PROSTQA experience. , 2013, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[769]  M. Banerjee,et al.  Lymph node size does not correlate with the presence of prostate cancer metastasis. , 1999, Urology.

[770]  L. Schwartz,et al.  Abiraterone acetate and prednisone in patients (Pts) with progressive metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) after failure of docetaxel-based chemotherapy , 2008 .

[771]  Jacques Bernier,et al.  Long-term results with immediate androgen suppression and external irradiation in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer (an EORTC study): a phase III randomised trial , 2002, The Lancet.

[772]  M. Piérart,et al.  Ten Year Results of Long Term Adjuvant Androgen Deprivation with Goserelin in Patients with Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer Treated with Radiotherapy: A Phase III EORTC Study , 2008 .

[773]  Peter Boyle,et al.  Cancer incidence and mortality in Europe , 2005, Sozial- und Präventivmedizin.

[774]  A multi-institutional matched-control analysis of adjuvant and salvage postoperative radiation therapy for pT3-4N0 prostate cancer. , 2008, Urology.

[775]  Terry L. Smith,et al.  Bone-targeted therapy for advanced androgen-independent carcinoma of the prostate: a randomised phase II trial , 2001, The Lancet.

[776]  Roman Zachoval,et al.  Value of power Doppler sonography with 3D reconstruction in preoperative diagnostics of extraprostatic tumor extension in clinically localized prostate cancer , 2008, International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association.

[777]  E. Messing,et al.  Adjuvant radiotherapy for pathologically advanced prostate cancer: a randomized clinical trial. , 2006, JAMA.

[778]  R. Jennrich,et al.  Intermittent use of testosterone inactivating pharmaceuticals using finasteride prolongs the time off period. , 2006, The Journal of urology.

[779]  A. Dicker The safety and tolerability of low-dose irradiation for the management of gynaecomastia caused by antiandrogen monotherapy. , 2003, The Lancet. Oncology.

[780]  L. Baert,et al.  Surgical Treatment of Carcinoma of the Prostate , 1996 .

[781]  J. Campos,et al.  Significant ecological impact on the progression of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli with increased community use of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. , 2011, The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy.

[782]  Philip W. Kantoff,et al.  Observation Versus Initial Treatment for Men With Localized, Low-Risk Prostate Cancer , 2013, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[783]  N. Smith,et al.  The incidence of prostate cancer progression with undetectable serum prostate specific antigen in a series of 394 radical prostatectomies. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[784]  M. Banerjee,et al.  Limited role of radionuclide bone scintigraphy in patients with prostate specific antigen elevations after radical prostatectomy. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[785]  Patrick A Kupelian,et al.  Hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (70 Gy at 2.5 Gy per fraction) for localized prostate cancer: Cleveland Clinic experience. , 2007, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[786]  N. Murray,et al.  Differential Expression of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 Expression in Disseminated Tumor Cells and Micrometastasis in Bone Marrow of Patients with Nonmetastatic and Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Theoretical Considerations and Clinical Implications—An Immunocytochemical Study , 2012, Bone marrow research.

[787]  C. Higano Bone loss and the evolving role of bisphosphonate therapy in prostate cancer. , 2003, Urologic oncology.

[788]  L. Fleisher,et al.  Effect of local anesthetics on patient recovery after transrectal biopsy. , 2001, Urology.

[789]  S. Fanti,et al.  11C-Choline PET/CT detects the site of relapse in the majority of prostate cancer patients showing biochemical recurrence after EBRT , 2014, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[790]  J. Hugosson,et al.  Long-term survival and mortality in prostate cancer treated with noncurative intent. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[791]  I. Floriani,et al.  Endorectal and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI for detection of local recurrence after radical prostatectomy. , 2008, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[792]  G Jakse,et al.  Metabolic imaging of untreated prostate cancer by positron emission tomography with 18fluorine-labeled deoxyglucose. , 1996, The Journal of urology.

[793]  L. Kiemeney,et al.  Maximum tumor diameter is not an independent prognostic factor in high-risk localized prostate cancer , 2008, World Journal of Urology.

[794]  B. Trock,et al.  Nightly vs on‐demand sildenafil for penile rehabilitation after minimally invasive nerve‐sparing radical prostatectomy: results of a randomized double‐blind trial with placebo , 2013, BJU international.

[795]  U. Buell,et al.  Is Prostate-Specific Antigen a Reliable Marker of Bone Metastasis in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Cancer of the Prostate? , 1998, European Urology.

[796]  S. Basaria,et al.  Androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer and metabolic risk for atherosclerosis. , 2008, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[797]  P. Vihko,et al.  Androgens up-regulate the human prostate-specific antigen messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA), but down-regulate the prostatic acid phosphatase mRNA in the LNCaP cell line. , 1992, Endocrinology.

[798]  D. Wood,et al.  Randomized prospective study comparing radical prostatectomy alone versus radical prostatectomy preceded by androgen blockade in clinical stage B2 (T2bNxM0) prostate cancer. The Lupron Depot Neoadjuvant Prostate Cancer Study Group. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[799]  O. Sartor,et al.  Novel therapeutic strategies for metastatic prostate cancer in the post-docetaxel setting. , 2011, The oncologist.

[800]  C. Tangen,et al.  Evaluation of prostate-specific antigen declines for surrogacy in patients treated on SWOG 99-16. , 2006, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[801]  A. Renshaw,et al.  Androgen suppression and radiation vs radiation alone for prostate cancer: a randomized trial. , 2008, JAMA.

[802]  D. Grignon,et al.  Phase III trial of androgen suppression using goserelin in unfavorable-prognosis carcinoma of the prostate treated with definitive radiotherapy: report of Radiation Therapy Oncology Group Protocol 85-31. , 1997, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[803]  F. Burkhard,et al.  Disease progression and survival of patients with positive lymph nodes after radical prostatectomy. Is there a chance of cure? , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[804]  O. Halvorsen,et al.  Transrectal ultrasonography to assess local extent of prostatic cancer before radical prostatectomy. , 1994, British journal of urology.

[805]  A. Zietman,et al.  Patient‐reported outcomes after 3‐dimensional conformal, intensity‐modulated, or proton beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer , 2013, Cancer.

[806]  S. Leibel,et al.  Patterns of care outcome studies: results of the national practice in adenocarcinoma of the prostate. , 1984, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[807]  C. Nanni,et al.  Influence of Trigger PSA and PSA Kinetics on 11C-Choline PET/CT Detection Rate in Patients with Biochemical Relapse After Radical Prostatectomy , 2009, Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[808]  L. Schwartz,et al.  Bicalutamide for advanced prostate cancer: the natural versus treated history of disease. , 1997, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[809]  D. Bostwick,et al.  Reversibility of Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia: Implications for Chemoprevention , 1999, European Urology.

[810]  T. Tammela,et al.  Outcomes of men with screen-detected prostate cancer eligible for active surveillance who were managed expectantly. , 2009, European urology.

[811]  E. Bergstralh,et al.  Radical retropubic prostatectomy plus orchiectomy versus orchiectomy alone for pTxN+ prostate cancer: a matched comparison. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[812]  A. Meyer,et al.  Long-term results of interstitial brachytherapy (LDR-Brachytherapy) in the treatment of patients with prostate cancer , 2006, World Journal of Urology.

[813]  C. Brunia,et al.  Wait and see. , 2001, International journal of psychophysiology : official journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology.

[814]  D. Byar,et al.  Hormone therapy for prostate cancer: results of the Veterans Administration Cooperative Urological Research Group studies. , 1989, NCI monographs : a publication of the National Cancer Institute.

[815]  T. Beer,et al.  C-reactive protein as an adverse prognostic marker for men with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC): confirmatory results. , 2012, Urologic oncology.

[816]  U. Capitanio,et al.  Radical prostatectomy for incidental (stage T1a-T1b) prostate cancer: analysis of predictors for residual disease and biochemical recurrence. , 2008, European urology.

[817]  M. Rudoni,et al.  The clinical value of prostate-specific antigen and bone scintigraphy in the staging of patients with newly diagnosed, pathologically proven prostate cancer , 1995, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[818]  K. Ding,et al.  MP74-01 NADIR TESTOSTERONE ON ADT PREDICTS FOR TIME TO CASTRATE RESISTANT PROGRESSION: A SECONDARY ANALYSIS OF THE PR-7 INTERMITTENT VS CONTINUOUS ADT TRIAL. , 2014 .

[819]  H. Zincke Extended experience with surgical treatment of stage D1 adenocarcinoma of prostate. Significant influences of immediate adjuvant hormonal treatment (orchiectomy) on outcome. , 1989, Urology.

[820]  M Van Glabbeke,et al.  New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors. European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer, National Cancer Institute of the United States, National Cancer Institute of Canada. , 2000, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[821]  D. Grignon,et al.  Predictors for maximal outcome in patients undergoing salvage surgery for radio-recurrent prostate cancer. , 1998, Urology.

[822]  M. Koutsilieris,et al.  Response to flutamide withdrawal in advanced prostate cancer in progression under combination therapy. , 1993, The Journal of urology.

[823]  A. Agarwal,et al.  Early combination therapy: intracavernosal injections and sildenafil following radical prostatectomy increases sexual activity and the return of natural erections , 2006, International Journal of Impotence Research.

[824]  J Alfred Witjes,et al.  DD3(PCA3)-based molecular urine analysis for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. , 2003, European urology.

[825]  T. H. van der Kwast,et al.  EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. part 1: screening, diagnosis, and local treatment with curative intent-update 2013. , 2014, European urology.

[826]  J. Cohen,et al.  Percutaneous, transperineal cryosurgery of the prostate as salvage therapy for post radiation recurrence of adenocarcinoma , 1996, Cancer.

[827]  A. V. von Eschenbach,et al.  Adjuvant estrogen following radiation therapy for stage C adenocarcinoma of the prostate: long-term results of a prospective randomized study. , 1988, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[828]  J. Oesterling,et al.  Prostate specific antigen in hormonally treated stage D2 prostate cancer: is it always an accurate indicator of disease status? , 1991, The Journal of urology.

[829]  H. Zincke,et al.  Prostate specific antigen values after radical retropubic prostatectomy for adenocarcinoma of the prostate: impact of adjuvant treatment (hormonal and radiation) , 1991, The Journal of urology.

[830]  G. Aus,et al.  Prognostic factors and survival in node-positive (N1) prostate cancer-a prospective study based on data from a Swedish population-based cohort. , 2003, European urology.

[831]  G. Ezzell,et al.  Analysis of biochemical control and prognostic factors in patients treated with either low-dose three-dimensional conformal radiation therapy or high-dose intensity-modulated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. , 2007, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[832]  F. Mottaghy,et al.  11C‐Choline positron‐emission tomography/computed tomography and transrectal ultrasonography for staging localized prostate cancer , 2007, BJU International.

[833]  J. Ciezki,et al.  Effect of increasing radiation doses on local and distant failures in patients with localized prostate cancer. , 2008, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[834]  N. Geller,et al.  Trimetrexate in prostatic cancer: preliminary observations on the use of prostate-specific antigen and acid phosphatase as a marker in measurable hormone-refractory disease. , 1990, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[835]  A. DeMaria,et al.  Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Implications , 1974 .

[836]  D. Lubeck,et al.  Changes in health-related quality of life in the first year after treatment for prostate cancer: results from CaPSURE. , 1999, Urology.

[837]  Hashim Uddin Ahmed,et al.  Will focal therapy become a standard of care for men with localized prostate cancer? , 2007, Nature Clinical Practice Oncology.

[838]  O. Sartor,et al.  Dutasteride and bicalutamide in patients with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: the Therapy Assessed by Rising PSA (TARP) study rationale and design. , 2009, The Canadian journal of urology.

[839]  T. Wiegel,et al.  Achieving an undetectable PSA after radiotherapy for biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy is an independent predictor of biochemical outcome--results of a retrospective study. , 2009, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[840]  J. Lee,et al.  Effect of nightly versus on-demand vardenafil on recovery of erectile function in men following bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. , 2008, European urology.

[841]  J. Forman,et al.  THERAPEUTIC IRRADIATION FOR PATIENTS WITH AN ELEVATED POST-PROSTATECTOMY PROSTATE SPECIFIC ANTIGEN LEVEL , 1997 .

[842]  H. D. de Koning,et al.  Health-related quality-of-life effects of radical prostatectomy and primary radiotherapy for screen-detected or clinically diagnosed localized prostate cancer. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[843]  A. Tewari,et al.  The role of transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy-based staging, preoperative serum prostate-specific antigen, and biopsy Gleason score in prediction of final pathologic diagnosis in prostate cancer. , 1995, Urology.

[844]  P. Casale,et al.  DNA ploidy, Gleason score, pathological stage and serum PSA levels as predictors of disease-free survival in C-D1 prostatic cancer patients submitted to radical retropubic prostatectomy. , 1996, European urology.

[845]  S. Steinberg,et al.  A prospective analysis of the time to normalization of serum androgens following 6 months of androgen deprivation therapy in patients on a randomized phase III clinical trial using limited hormonal therapy. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[846]  N. Dawson,et al.  Management of progressive metastatic prostate cancer. , 1997, Oncology.

[847]  A. Buck,et al.  Impact of 11C-choline PET/CT on clinical decision making in recurrent prostate cancer: results from a retrospective two-centre trial , 2014, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[848]  G. Aus,et al.  Current status of HIFU and cryotherapy in prostate cancer--a review. , 2006, European urology.

[849]  W. Ellis,et al.  Diagnosis of prostatic carcinoma: the yield of serum prostate specific antigen, digital rectal examination and transrectal ultrasonography. , 1994, The Journal of urology.

[850]  M. Soloway,et al.  Radionuclide bone scintigraphy in patients with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy: when is it indicated? , 2004, BJU international.

[851]  E. Bergstralh,et al.  Long-term hazard of progression after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer: continued risk of biochemical failure after 5 years. , 2000, The Journal of urology.

[852]  C. Tangen,et al.  The prognostic value of hemoglobin change after initiating androgen‐deprivation therapy for newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer , 2006, Cancer.

[853]  C. Huggins,et al.  Studies on prostatic cancer: I. The effect of castration, of estrogen and of androgen injection on serum phosphatases in metastatic carcinoma of the prostate , 1941, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[854]  Maria Triantafyllou,et al.  Combined ultrasmall superparamagnetic particles of iron oxide-enhanced and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging facilitates detection of metastases in normal-sized pelvic lymph nodes of patients with bladder and prostate cancer. , 2013, European urology.

[855]  J Isola,et al.  Androgen receptor gene amplification: a possible molecular mechanism for androgen deprivation therapy failure in prostate cancer. , 1997, Cancer research.

[856]  Farin Kamangar,et al.  Patterns of cancer incidence, mortality, and prevalence across five continents: defining priorities to reduce cancer disparities in different geographic regions of the world. , 2006, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[857]  A. Pont,et al.  Quality-of-life impact of primary treatments for localized prostate cancer in patients without hormonal treatment. , 2010, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[858]  R L Vessella,et al.  Advances in Brief Amplification and Overexpression of Androgen Receptor Gene in Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer 1 , 2001 .

[859]  Timothy J Wilt,et al.  Radical prostatectomy versus observation for localized prostate cancer. , 2012, The New England journal of medicine.

[860]  M. Rubin,et al.  Consensus statement with recommendations on active surveillance inclusion criteria and definition of progression in men with localized prostate cancer: the critical role of the pathologist , 2014, Virchows Archiv.

[861]  P. Carroll,et al.  Carcinoma of the prostate gland: MR imaging with pelvic phased-array coils versus integrated endorectal--pelvic phased-array coils. , 1994, Radiology.

[862]  M. R. Cooper,et al.  Antitumor activity of suramin in hormone‐refractory prostate cancer controlling for hydrocortisone treatment and flutamide withdrawal as potentially confounding variables , 1995, Cancer.

[863]  Andrew J Vickers,et al.  Systematic review of pretreatment prostate-specific antigen velocity and doubling time as predictors for prostate cancer. , 2009, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[864]  Olivier Rouvière,et al.  Recurrent prostate cancer after external beam radiotherapy: value of contrast-enhanced dynamic MRI in localizing intraprostatic tumor--correlation with biopsy findings. , 2004, Urology.

[865]  J. Fracchia,et al.  Periprostatic nerve blockade for transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy of the prostate: a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled study. , 2001, The Journal of urology.

[866]  S. Schild,et al.  The use of radiotherapy for patients with isolated elevation of serum prostate specific antigen following radical prostatectomy. , 1996, The Journal of urology.

[867]  J M Dubernard,et al.  Transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound: minimally invasive therapy of localized prostate cancer. , 2000, Journal of endourology.

[868]  J. Kotzerke,et al.  A comparative study of 188Re-HEDP, 186Re-HEDP, 153Sm-EDTMP and 89Sr in the treatment of painful skeletal metastases , 2007, Nuclear medicine communications.

[869]  M. Gleave,et al.  Castration-resistant prostate cancer: from new pathophysiology to new treatment targets. , 2009, European urology.

[870]  John T. Wei,et al.  Long-term outcomes among localized prostate cancer survivors: health-related quality-of-life changes after radical prostatectomy, external radiation, and brachytherapy. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[871]  Sabine Rohrmann,et al.  Risk factors for the onset of prostatic cancer: age, location, and behavioral correlates , 2012, Clinical epidemiology.

[872]  E. Bergstralh,et al.  Defining prostate specific antigen progression after radical prostatectomy: what is the most appropriate cut point? , 2001, The Journal of urology.

[873]  U. Metser,et al.  The detection of bone metastases in patients with high-risk prostate cancer: 99mTc-MDP Planar bone scintigraphy, single- and multi-field-of-view SPECT, 18F-fluoride PET, and 18F-fluoride PET/CT. , 2006, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[874]  D. Chan,et al.  The use of prostate specific antigen, clinical stage and Gleason score to predict pathological stage in men with localized prostate cancer. , 1993, The Journal of urology.

[875]  G. Jakse,et al.  Evaluation of patients with diseases of the prostate using prostate-specific antigen density , 1995 .

[876]  E. Bergstralh,et al.  Radical prostatectomy for clinically advanced (cT3) prostate cancer since the advent of prostate‐specific antigen testing: 15‐year outcome , 2005, BJU international.

[877]  J. Wunder,et al.  Functional and Oncological Outcome of Acetabular Reconstruction for the Treatment of Metastatic Disease* , 2000, The Journal of bone and joint surgery. American volume.

[878]  N. Aaronson,et al.  Health related quality of life in men with prostate cancer. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[879]  O. Lukkarinen,et al.  Mutated human androgen receptor gene detected in a prostatic cancer patient is also activated by estradiol. , 1995, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[880]  E. Feuer,et al.  Impact of screening on incidence and mortality of prostate cancer in the United States. , 2001, Epidemiologic reviews.

[881]  H. Scher,et al.  Improved outcomes in elderly patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with the androgen receptor inhibitor enzalutamide: results from the phase III AFFIRM trial. , 2014, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[882]  P. Rehak,et al.  Detection of prostate cancer by TURP or open surgery in patients with previously negative transrectal prostate biopsies. , 2003, Urology.

[883]  D. Kuban,et al.  Preliminary Report of a Randomized Dose Escalation Trial for Prostate Cancer using Hypofractionation , 2010 .

[884]  P. Stattin,et al.  Prediction of survival of metastatic prostate cancer based on early serial measurements of prostate specific antigen and alkaline phosphatase. , 2008, The Journal of urology.

[885]  K. Taari,et al.  Endorectal magnetic resonance imaging of prostatic cancer: comparison between fat-suppressed T2-weighted fast spin echo and three-dimensional dual-echo, steady-state sequences , 2001, European Radiology.

[886]  P. Scardino,et al.  Poorly differentiated prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy: long-term outcome and incidence of pathological downgrading. , 2006, The Journal of urology.

[887]  P. Stattin,et al.  Concordance of tumor differentiation among brothers with prostate cancer. , 2012, European urology.

[888]  A. Dirisamer,et al.  Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography with F-18-fluorocholine for Restaging of Prostate Cancer Patients: Meaningful at PSA < 5 ng/ml? , 2005, Molecular Imaging and Biology.

[889]  W. Oh,et al.  Efficacy of carboplatin-taxane combinations in the management of castration-resistant prostate cancer: a pooled analysis of seven prospective clinical trials. , 2010, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[890]  B. Norlén,et al.  A systematic overview of radiation therapy effects in prostate cancer , 2004, Acta oncologica.

[891]  C. Rochlitz,et al.  Cytotoxicity of ketoconazole in malignant cell lines , 2004, Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology.

[892]  Alan W Partin,et al.  Radical prostatectomy for clinical stage T3a disease , 2007, Cancer.

[893]  N. Gebbia,et al.  Prospective randomised trial of two dose levels of megestrol acetate in the management of anorexia-cachexia syndrome in patients with metastatic cancer. , 1996, British Journal of Cancer.

[894]  Joe M O'Sullivan,et al.  Bone-Targeting Radiopharmaceuticals Including Radium-223 , 2013, Cancer journal.

[895]  A. Ravaud,et al.  Androgen-deprivation therapy alone or with docetaxel in non-castrate metastatic prostate cancer (GETUG-AFU 15): a randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial. , 2013, The Lancet. Oncology.

[896]  W. Kelly Endocrine Withdrawal Syndrome and Its Relevance to the Management of Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer , 1998, European Urology.

[897]  T. Wilt,et al.  The Prostate cancer Intervention Versus Observation Trial:VA/NCI/AHRQ Cooperative Studies Program #407 (PIVOT): design and baseline results of a randomized controlled trial comparing radical prostatectomy to watchful waiting for men with clinically localized prostate cancer. , 2009, Contemporary clinical trials.

[898]  T. Morris,et al.  Tamoxifen as prophylaxis for prevention of gynaecomastia and breast pain associated with bicalutamide 150 mg monotherapy in patients with prostate cancer: a randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-response study. , 2007, European urology.

[899]  C. Nanni,et al.  Role of 11C-choline PET/CT in the re-staging of prostate cancer patients with biochemical relapse and negative results at bone scintigraphy. , 2012, European journal of radiology.

[900]  P. Dahm,et al.  Radical perineal prostatectomy. , 1980 .

[901]  C. Ling,et al.  Predictors of improved outcome for patients with localized prostate cancer treated with neoadjuvant androgen ablation therapy and three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy. , 1998, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[902]  J. Eisenberg,et al.  Views from funding agencies. Agency for Health Care Policy and Research. , 1998, Medical care.

[903]  M. Barry,et al.  Follow-up prostate cancer treatments after radical prostatectomy: a population-based study. , 1996, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[904]  D. Kuban,et al.  Long-term failure patterns and survival in a randomized dose-escalation trial for prostate cancer. Who dies of disease? , 2008, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[905]  R. Laing,et al.  A prospective, randomized pilot study evaluating the effects of metformin and lifestyle intervention on patients with prostate cancer receiving androgen deprivation therapy , 2012, BJU international.

[906]  S. Loening,et al.  The influence of prostate volume on the ratio of free to total prostate specific antigen in serum of patients with prostate carcinoma and benign prostate hyperplasia , 1997, Cancer.

[907]  U. Buell,et al.  A comparison of bone imaging with Tc-99m DPD and Tc-99m MDP: concise communication. , 1982, Journal of nuclear medicine : official publication, Society of Nuclear Medicine.

[908]  Ronald C. Chen,et al.  Individualizing quality-of-life outcomes reporting: how localized prostate cancer treatments affect patients with different levels of baseline urinary, bowel, and sexual function. , 2009, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[909]  H. D. de Koning,et al.  Quality-of-life effects of prostate-specific antigen screening. , 2012, The New England journal of medicine.

[910]  B. V. van Munster,et al.  Frailty screening methods for predicting outcome of a comprehensive geriatric assessment in elderly patients with cancer: a systematic review. , 2012, The Lancet. Oncology.

[911]  M. van Glabbeke,et al.  New guidelines to evaluate the response to treatment in solid tumors , 2000, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[912]  J. Gschwend,et al.  Survival benefit of radical prostatectomy in lymph node-positive patients with prostate cancer. , 2010, European urology.

[913]  M. Schumacher,et al.  Assessment of quality of life in clinical trials. , 1991, Statistics in medicine.

[914]  J. Memmelaar Total prostatovesiculectomy; retropubic approach. , 1949, The Journal of urology.

[915]  Robert W Galbreath,et al.  15-Year biochemical relapse free survival in clinical Stage T1-T3 prostate cancer following combined external beam radiotherapy and brachytherapy; Seattle experience. , 2007, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[916]  E. Small,et al.  Phase II study of docetaxel, estramustine, and low-dose hydrocortisone in men with hormone-refractory prostate cancer: a final report of CALGB 9780. Cancer and Leukemia Group B. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[917]  L. Melton,et al.  Decline in bilateral orchiectomy for prostate cancer in Olmsted county, Minnesota, 1956-2000. , 2001, Mayo Clinic proceedings.

[918]  J. Johansson,et al.  Incidence and mortality of incidental prostate cancer: a Swedish register-based study , 2008, British Journal of Cancer.

[919]  T. Beaty,et al.  Mendelian inheritance of familial prostate cancer. , 1992, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[920]  N. Chan,et al.  Pathological reporting of colorectal cancer specimens: a retrospective survey in an academic Canadian pathology department. , 2008, Canadian journal of surgery. Journal canadien de chirurgie.

[921]  A. Hoznek,et al.  Long-term functional and oncological results after retroperitoneal laparoscopic prostatectomy according to a prospective evaluation of 550 patients , 2006, World Journal of Urology.

[922]  R. Gardiner,et al.  Quality of life compared during pharmacological treatments and clinical monitoring for non‐localized prostate cancer: a randomized controlled trial , 2004, BJU international.

[923]  T. Uchida,et al.  High‐intensity focused ultrasound as salvage therapy for patients with recurrent prostate cancer after external beam radiation, brachytherapy or proton therapy , 2011, BJU international.

[924]  John Calvin Reed,et al.  Expression of bcl-2 and the progression of human and rodent prostatic cancers. , 1996, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[925]  D. Dearnaley,et al.  The management of PSA failure after radical radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. , 1998, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[926]  N. Lumen,et al.  High-dose salvage intensity-modulated radiotherapy with or without androgen deprivation after radical prostatectomy for rising or persisting prostate-specific antigen: 5-year results. , 2011, European urology.

[927]  T. Klatte,et al.  Clinical outcome of patients with docetaxel-resistant hormone-refractory prostate cancer treated with second-line cyclophosphamide-based metronomic chemotherapy , 2010, Medical oncology.

[928]  Crawford,et al.  Maximum androgen blockade in advanced prostate cancer: an overview of the randomised trials , 2000, The Lancet.

[929]  R. Stock,et al.  Role of hormonal therapy in the management of intermediate- to high-risk prostate cancer treated with permanent radioactive seed implantation. , 2002, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[930]  P. Humphrey,et al.  Prognostic and predictive factors and reporting of prostate carcinoma in prostate needle biopsy specimens , 2005, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology. Supplementum.

[931]  J. Cheville,et al.  Predicting prostate carcinoma volume and stage at radical prostatectomy by assessing needle biopsy specimens for percent surface area and cores positive for carcinoma, perineural invasion, Gleason score, DNA ploidy and proliferation, and preoperative serum prostate specific antigen , 2001 .

[932]  P. Ganz,et al.  Quality of life in adult survivors of lung, colon and prostate cancer , 1994, Quality of Life Research.

[933]  John W. Davis,et al.  Robot‐assisted extended pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND) at the time of radical prostatectomy (RP): a video‐based illustration of technique, results, and unmet patient selection needs , 2011, BJU international.

[934]  G E Hanks,et al.  The effect of dose on local control of prostate cancer. , 1988, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[935]  V. Hasselblad,et al.  Systematic review and meta‐analysis of monotherapy compared with combined androgen blockade for patients with advanced prostate carcinoma , 2002, Cancer.

[936]  Dirk F Moore,et al.  Outcomes of localized prostate cancer following conservative management. , 2009, JAMA.

[937]  Jason A Koutcher,et al.  Prostate cancer: correlation of MR imaging and MR spectroscopy with pathologic findings after radiation therapy-initial experience. , 2005, Radiology.

[938]  Roberto Passariello,et al.  Value of Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Imaging and Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Imaging for Detecting Prostate Cancer Foci in Men With Prior Negative Biopsy , 2010, Clinical Cancer Research.

[939]  J. Fütterer,et al.  Standards of reporting for MRI-targeted biopsy studies (START) of the prostate: recommendations from an International Working Group. , 2013, European urology.

[940]  U. Capitanio,et al.  Updated nomogram predicting lymph node invasion in patients with prostate cancer undergoing extended pelvic lymph node dissection: the essential importance of percentage of positive cores. , 2012, European urology.

[941]  F. Burkhard,et al.  Removal of limited nodal disease in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy: long-term results confirm a chance for cure. , 2014, The Journal of urology.

[942]  L. Sobin International Union Against Cancer , 2002 .

[943]  H. Poppel,et al.  Patterns of Failure in Surgically Treated Patients , 1996 .

[944]  H. D. de Koning,et al.  Sexual function with localized prostate cancer: active surveillance vs radical therapy , 2012, BJU international.

[945]  P. Scardino,et al.  Can radical prostatectomy alter the progression of poorly differentiated prostate cancer? , 1994, The Journal of urology.

[946]  E. Crawford,et al.  Challenges and recommendations for early identification of metastatic disease in prostate cancer. , 2014, Urology.

[947]  P. Walsh Immediate versus deferred treatment for advanced prostatic cancer: initial results of the Medical Research Council trial. The Medical Research Council Prostate Cancer Working Party Investigators Group. , 1997 .

[948]  M. Menon,et al.  Pelvic lymph node dissection during robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: efficacy, limitations, and complications-a systematic review of the literature. , 2014, European urology.

[949]  M. Kattan,et al.  Monotherapy for stage T1-T2 prostate cancer: radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy, or permanent seed implantation. , 2004, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[950]  T B Lam,et al.  Systematic review and economic modelling of the relative clinical benefit and cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery for removal of the prostate in men with localised prostate cancer. , 2012, Health technology assessment.

[951]  A. Dicker,et al.  Can early implementation of salvage radiotherapy for prostate cancer improve the therapeutic ratio? A systematic review and regression meta-analysis with radiobiological modelling. , 2012, European journal of cancer.

[952]  B. Yeap,et al.  Double-blind, randomized study of primary hormonal treatment of stage D2 prostate carcinoma: flutamide versus diethylstilbestrol. , 1996, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[953]  T. Stamey,et al.  Prostate specific antigen in the diagnosis and treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. IV. Anti-androgen treated patients. , 1989, The Journal of urology.

[954]  Laura Curiel,et al.  Control of prostate cancer by transrectal HIFU in 227 patients. , 2007, European urology.

[955]  T. H. van der Kwast,et al.  Guidelines on processing and reporting of prostate biopsies: the 2013 update of the pathology committee of the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) , 2013, Virchows Archiv.

[956]  E. McFadden,et al.  Toxicity and response criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group , 1982, American journal of clinical oncology.

[957]  K. Trpkov,et al.  No residual cancer on radical prostatectomy after positive 10-core biopsy: incidence, biopsy findings, and DNA specimen identity analysis. , 2009, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine.

[958]  P. Nelson,et al.  Resistance to CYP17A1 Inhibition with Abiraterone in Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: Induction of Steroidogenesis and Androgen Receptor Splice Variants , 2011, Clinical Cancer Research.

[959]  F. Saad,et al.  753OFINAL OVERALL SURVIVAL (OS) ANALYSIS OF COU-AA-302, A RANDOMIZED PHASE 3 STUDY OF ABIRATERONE ACETATE (AA) IN METASTATIC CASTRATION-RESISTANT PROSTATE CANCER (MCRPC) PATIENTS (PTS) WITHOUT PRIOR CHEMOTHERAPY. , 2014, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[960]  Joel E Tepper,et al.  Increased risk of rectal cancer after prostate radiation: a population-based study. , 2005, Gastroenterology.

[961]  P. Karakiewicz,et al.  Risk factors for biochemical recurrence following radical perineal prostatectomy in a large contemporary series: a detailed assessment of margin extent and location. , 2013, Urologic oncology.

[962]  Z. Jia,et al.  Comparison of choline-PET/CT, MRI, SPECT, and bone scintigraphy in the diagnosis of bone metastases in patients with prostate cancer: a meta-analysis , 2014, Skeletal Radiology.

[963]  S. Al-Askari,et al.  CAT scanning in staging of prostatic cancer. , 1981, Urology.

[964]  C W Piccoli,et al.  Staging of prostate cancer: results of Radiology Diagnostic Oncology Group project comparison of three MR imaging techniques. , 1994, Radiology.

[965]  T. Wilt,et al.  Neo-adjuvant and adjuvant hormone therapy for localised and locally advanced prostate cancer. , 2006, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[966]  J. Pontes,et al.  Salvage radical prostatectomy. , 2001, The Urologic clinics of North America.

[967]  D. Mcleod,et al.  Hormonal therapy: historical perspective to future directions. , 2003, Urology.

[968]  Z. Petrovich,et al.  Radical prostatectomy and postoperative irradiation in patients with pathological stage C (T3) carcinoma of the prostate. , 1998, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[969]  J. Hugosson,et al.  Outcome following active surveillance of men with screen-detected prostate cancer. Results from the Göteborg randomised population-based prostate cancer screening trial. , 2013, European urology.

[970]  A. Heidenreich,et al.  Current Status of Cytotoxic Chemotherapy in Hormone Refractory Prostate Cancer , 2001, European Urology.

[971]  G. Bartsch,et al.  Are transition zone biopsies still necessary to improve prostate cancer detection? Results from the tyrol screening project. , 2005, European urology.

[972]  D. Osoba,et al.  Chemotherapy with mitoxantrone plus prednisone or prednisone alone for symptomatic hormone-resistant prostate cancer: a Canadian randomized trial with palliative end points. , 1996, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[973]  F. Montorsi,et al.  Prediction of outcome following early salvage radiotherapy among patients with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. , 2014, European urology.

[974]  Michel Bolla,et al.  Guidelines for target volume definition in post-operative radiotherapy for prostate cancer, on behalf of the EORTC Radiation Oncology Group. , 2007, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[975]  C. Croce,et al.  Taxol induces bcl-2 phosphorylation and death of prostate cancer cells. , 1996, Cancer research.

[976]  T. Stukel,et al.  Changing patterns in competing causes of death in men with prostate cancer: a population based study. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[977]  N. Nicolai,et al.  Predictors of health-related quality of life and adjustment to prostate cancer during active surveillance. , 2013, European urology.

[978]  D Gillatt,et al.  Prostate Testing for Cancer and Treatment (ProtecT) feasibility study. , 2003, Health technology assessment.

[979]  A. Dobs,et al.  Metabolic syndrome in men with prostate cancer undergoing long-term androgen-deprivation therapy. , 2006, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[980]  F. Montorsi,et al.  Predicting prostate cancer-specific outcome after radical prostatectomy among men with very high-risk cT3b/4 PCa: a multi-institutional outcome study of 266 patients , 2014, Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Disease.

[981]  Sam S. Chang,et al.  Percent of cancer in the biopsy set predicts pathological findings after prostatectomy. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[982]  P. Nieh,et al.  Radiolabeled monoclonal antibody indium 111-labeled CYT-356 localizes extraprostatic recurrent carcinoma after prostatectomy. , 1998, Urology.

[983]  M. Battaglia,et al.  Evaluation of tamoxifen and anastrozole in the prevention of gynecomastia and breast pain induced by bicalutamide monotherapy of prostate cancer. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[984]  P. Choyke,et al.  Prostate cancer: value of multiparametric MR imaging at 3 T for detection--histopathologic correlation. , 2010, Radiology.

[985]  F. Mottaghy,et al.  Prospective evaluation of 11C-choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging for the nodal staging of prostate cancer with a high risk of lymph node metastases. , 2011, European urology.

[986]  K. Bratengeier,et al.  3-D conformal treatment of prostate cancer to 74 Gy vs. high-dose-rate brachytherapy boost: A cross-sectional quality-of-life survey , 2006, Acta oncologica.

[987]  F. Labrie,et al.  Down-staging of early stage prostate cancer before radical prostatectomy: The first randomized trial of neoadjuvant combination therapy with flutamide and a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist , 1994 .

[988]  John T. Wei,et al.  Comprehensive comparison of health-related quality of life after contemporary therapies for localized prostate cancer. , 2002, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[989]  A. Haese*,et al.  Validation of a biopsy‐based pathologic algorithm for predicting lymph node metastases in patients with clinically localized prostate carcinoma , 2002, Cancer.

[990]  J. Doležel,et al.  Sentinel lymph node dissection combined with meticulous histology increases the detection rate of nodal metastases in prostate cancer , 2014, International Urology and Nephrology.

[991]  M. Toublanc,et al.  Radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer: the perineal approach increases the risk of surgically induced positive margins and capsular incisions. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[992]  L. Walker,et al.  Androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: recommendations to improve patient and partner quality of life. , 2010, The journal of sexual medicine.

[993]  U. Studer,et al.  The template of the primary lymphatic landing sites of the prostate should be revisited: results of a multimodality mapping study. , 2008, European urology.

[994]  P. Lange,et al.  Use of CT to reduce understaging in prostatic cancer: comparison with conventional staging techniques. , 1983, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[995]  V. Solok,et al.  The Value of Serum Prostate Specific Antigen and other Parameters in Detecting Bone Metastases in Prostate Cancer , 2004, International Urology and Nephrology.

[996]  Jim C Hu,et al.  A systematic review of the volume-outcome relationship for radical prostatectomy. , 2013, European urology.

[997]  M. Litwin,et al.  Quality of life in men undergoing active surveillance for localized prostate cancer. , 2012, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs.

[998]  P. A. Sant'agnese,et al.  Neuroendocrine differentiation in carcinoma of the prostate. Diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications. , 1992 .

[999]  P. Scardino,et al.  Strategy for detection of prostate cancer based on relation between prostate specific antigen at age 40-55 and long term risk of metastasis: case-control study , 2013, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[1000]  R. Semrau,et al.  Die radikale Salvageprostatektomie , 2008, Der Urologe.

[1001]  G. Bartsch,et al.  The value of three‐dimensional transrectal ultrasonography in staging prostate cancer , 2007, BJU international.

[1002]  Seongjoon Koo,et al.  PCA3: a molecular urine assay for predicting prostate biopsy outcome. , 2008, The Journal of urology.

[1003]  J. Fowler,et al.  Original Articles: Prostate Cancer: Experience With Radical Prostatectomy and Radiation Therapy for Localized Prostate Cancer at a Veterans Affairs Medical Center , 1995 .

[1004]  W. Oh The evolving role of estrogen therapy in prostate cancer. , 2002, Clinical prostate cancer.

[1005]  J. Adolfsson,et al.  RECENT RESULTS OF MANAGEMENT OF PALPABLE CLINICALLY LOCALIZED PROSTATE CANCER. AUTHORS' REPLY , 1994 .

[1006]  Ralph Weissleder,et al.  Noninvasive detection of clinically occult lymph-node metastases in prostate cancer. , 2003, The New England journal of medicine.

[1007]  M. Gleave,et al.  Phase III study of the efficacy and safety of zibotentan (ZD4054) in patients with bone metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). , 2011, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1008]  Richard Pötter,et al.  11C-acetate positron emission tomography imaging and image fusion with computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in patients with recurrent prostate cancer. , 2006, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1009]  Evis Sala,et al.  Endorectal MR imaging before salvage prostatectomy: tumor localization and staging. , 2006, Radiology.

[1010]  M. Cooperberg,et al.  Prognostic implications of an undetectable ultrasensitive prostate-specific antigen level after radical prostatectomy. , 2010, European urology.

[1011]  B. Moran,et al.  Re-biopsy of the prostate using a stereotactic transperineal technique. , 2006, The Journal of urology.

[1012]  M. Schwaiger,et al.  The detection rate of [11C]Choline-PET/CT depends on the serum PSA-value in patients with biochemical recurrence of prostate cancer , 2007, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[1013]  Lei Dong,et al.  Long-term results of the M. D. Anderson randomized dose-escalation trial for prostate cancer. , 2008, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1014]  W. W. Nichols,et al.  p53 protein accumulation and gene mutation in the progression of human prostate carcinoma. , 1993, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[1015]  C. Parker,et al.  Radium-223 in the treatment of metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer (HRPC): Results from a randomized, placebo-controlled, phase II study , 2007 .

[1016]  E. Metter,et al.  Expectant management of prostate cancer with curative intent: an update of the Johns Hopkins experience. , 2007, The Journal of urology.

[1017]  A. V. von Eschenbach,et al.  Long-term followup of incontinence and obstruction after salvage cryosurgical ablation of the prostate: results in 143 patients. , 1997, The Journal of urology.

[1018]  T. Tsuzuki,et al.  Positive proximal (bladder neck) margin at radical prostatectomy confers greater risk of biochemical progression. , 2004, Urology.

[1019]  F. Bladou,et al.  Continuous versus six months a year maximal androgen blockade in the management of prostate cancer: a randomised study. , 2008, European urology.

[1020]  B. G. Blijenberg,et al.  Screening and prostate-cancer mortality in a randomized European study. , 2009, The New England journal of medicine.

[1021]  J. Oesterling,et al.  Long-term (15 years) results after radical prostatectomy for clinically localized (stage T2c or lower) prostate cancer. , 1994, The Journal of urology.

[1022]  M. Wirth Delaying/Reducing the Risk of Clinical Tumour Progression after Primary Curative Procedures , 2001, European Urology.

[1023]  Alan Horwich,et al.  Predicting the probability of deferred radical treatment for localised prostate cancer managed by active surveillance. , 2008, European urology.

[1024]  J. Hugosson,et al.  Diagnosis of prostate cancer: optimal number of prostate biopsies related to serum prostate-specific antigen and findings on digital rectal examination. , 1997, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology.

[1025]  S. Fosså,et al.  Failure to achieve castration levels in patients using leuprolide acetate in locally advanced prostate cancer. , 2006, European urology.

[1026]  M. Reiser,et al.  Per-sextant localization and staging of prostate cancer: correlation of imaging findings with whole-mount step section histopathology. , 2007, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[1027]  Y. Jo,et al.  Salvage high‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for local prostate cancer recurrence after radiotherapy – preliminary results , 2012, BJU international.

[1028]  Stacey A. Kenfield,et al.  Physical activity and survival after prostate cancer diagnosis in the health professionals follow-up study. , 2011, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1029]  J. Hugosson,et al.  Hormonal treatment before radical prostatectomy: a 3-year followup. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[1030]  I. Melezínek,et al.  Nonsteroidal antiandrogens: a therapeutic option for patients with advanced prostate cancer who wish to retain sexual interest and function , 2001, BJU international.

[1031]  R. Williams,et al.  Current options in the management of clinical stage C prostatic carcinoma. , 1990, The Urologic clinics of North America.

[1032]  D. Penson,et al.  Trends in the treatment of localized prostate cancer using supplemented cancer registry data , 2011, BJU international.

[1033]  J. Pruim,et al.  Impact of total PSA, PSA doubling time and PSA velocity on detection rates of 11C-Choline positron emission tomography in recurrent prostate cancer , 2013, World Journal of Urology.

[1034]  D M Parkin,et al.  Cancer incidence and mortality in the European Union: cancer registry data and estimates of national incidence for 1990. , 1997, European journal of cancer.

[1035]  T. H. van der Kwast,et al.  Guidelines for processing and reporting of prostatic needle biopsies , 2003, Journal of clinical pathology.

[1036]  T. Stamey,et al.  Rectal examination in volume determination of carcinoma of the prostate: clinical and anatomical correlations. , 1986, The Journal of urology.

[1037]  D. Hussey American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology , 2001 .

[1038]  S. Goldenberg,et al.  Intermittent androgen suppression , 2004, BJU international.

[1039]  G. Guyatt,et al.  Going from evidence to recommendations , 2008, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[1040]  J. Morote,et al.  Serum bone alkaline phosphatase levels enhance the clinical utility of prostate specific antigen in the staging of newly diagnosed prostate cancer patients , 1999, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine.

[1041]  J. Witjes,et al.  Pelvic adenopathy in prostatic and urinary bladder carcinoma: MR imaging with a three-dimensional TI-weighted magnetization-prepared-rapid gradient-echo sequence. , 1996, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[1042]  P. Klarskov,et al.  Significance of pretreatment cardiovascular morbidity as a risk factor during treatment with parenteral oestrogen or combined androgen deprivation of 915 patients with metastasized prostate cancer: Evaluation of cardiovascular events in a randomized trial , 2011, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology.

[1043]  P. Carroll,et al.  Local recurrence after radical prostatectomy: characteristics in size, location, and relationship to prostate-specific antigen and surgical margins. , 1996, Urology.

[1044]  P. Choyke,et al.  Accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in confirming eligibility for active surveillance for men with prostate cancer , 2013, Cancer.

[1045]  C. King The timing of salvage radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: a systematic review. , 2012, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1046]  M. Smith Complementary and alternative therapies for advanced prostate cancer. , 2001, Hematology/oncology clinics of North America.

[1047]  Fernando Costa,et al.  Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Scientific Statement. , 2005, Circulation.

[1048]  G. Rücker,et al.  Non-steroidal antiandrogen monotherapy compared with luteinising hormone-releasing hormone agonists or surgical castration monotherapy for advanced prostate cancer. , 2014, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[1049]  H H Holm,et al.  Transperineal 125iodine seed implantation in prostatic cancer guided by transrectal ultrasonography. 1983. , 1983, The Journal of urology.

[1050]  M. Kattan,et al.  Validation of pretreatment nomograms for predicting indolent prostate cancer: efficacy in contemporary urological practice. , 2008, The Journal of urology.

[1051]  I. Melezínek,et al.  The non-steroidal antiandrogen, bicalutamide ('Casodex'), may preserve bone mineral density as compared with castration: results of a preliminary study , 2003, World Journal of Urology.

[1052]  Mohammad Hassan Murad,et al.  Early detection of prostate cancer: AUA Guideline. , 2013, The Journal of urology.

[1053]  D. Ash,et al.  ESTRO/EAU/EORTC recommendations on permanent seed implantation for localized prostate cancer. , 2000, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[1054]  William Cavanagh,et al.  A prospective randomized comparison of stranded vs. loose 125I seeds for prostate brachytherapy. , 2007, Brachytherapy.

[1055]  F. Burkhard,et al.  The role of lymphadenectomy in prostate cancer , 2005, Nature Clinical Practice Urology.

[1056]  Richard K Valicenti,et al.  Predicting the outcome of salvage radiation therapy for recurrent prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. , 2007, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1057]  S. Fosså,et al.  The quality of life of patients with newly diagnosed M1 prostate cancer: experience with EORTC clinical trial 30853. , 1996, European journal of cancer.

[1058]  H. Lehmann,et al.  Active surveillance versus surgery for low risk prostate cancer: a clinical decision analysis. , 2012, The Journal of urology.

[1059]  C. Ryan,et al.  Docetaxel and exisulind in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. , 2001, Seminars in oncology.

[1060]  O. Cussenot,et al.  Fluorocholine (18F) and sodium fluoride (18F) PET/CT in the detection of prostate cancer: prospective comparison of diagnostic performance determined by masked reading. , 2011, The quarterly journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging : official publication of the Italian Association of Nuclear Medicine (AIMN) [and] the International Association of Radiopharmacology (IAR), [and] Section of the Society of....

[1061]  A. Renshaw,et al.  Intermediate end point for prostate cancer-specific mortality following salvage hormonal therapy for prostate-specific antigen failure. , 2004, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[1062]  G. Jones Prospective, conservative management of localized prostate cancer , 1992, Cancer.

[1063]  C. Logothetis,et al.  The clinical and biological study of androgen independent prostate cancer (AI PCa). , 1994, Seminars in oncology.

[1064]  Blasko,et al.  10-year biochemical (prostate-specific antigen) control of prostate cancer with (125)I brachytherapy. , 2001, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1065]  M. Keats,et al.  Physical activity for men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer: benefits from a 16-week intervention , 2010, Supportive Care in Cancer.

[1066]  R. Bahnson,et al.  Survival of men with clinically localized prostate cancer detected in the eighth decade of life. , 1994, The Journal of urology.

[1067]  A. Renshaw,et al.  Expectant management of stage A‐1 (T1a) prostate cancer utilizing serum PSA levels: A preliminary report , 1999, Journal of surgical oncology.

[1068]  V. Serretta,et al.  Antiandrogens alone or in combination for treatment of prostate cancer: the European experience. , 1989, Urology.

[1069]  L. Curiel,et al.  Local recurrence of prostate cancer after external beam radiotherapy: early experience of salvage therapy using high-intensity focused ultrasonography. , 2004, Urology.

[1070]  Sylvie Chabaud,et al.  Is there a role for pelvic irradiation in localized prostate adenocarcinoma? Preliminary results of GETUG-01. , 2007, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1071]  P. Carroll,et al.  The value of prostate specific antigen and transrectal ultrasound guided biopsy in detecting prostatic fossa recurrences following radical prostatectomy. , 1993, The Journal of urology.

[1072]  M. Hammar,et al.  Two modes of acupuncture as a treatment for hot flushes in men with prostate cancer--a prospective multicenter study with long-term follow-up. , 2009, European urology.

[1073]  G. Maguire,et al.  Which patients with prostatic carcinoma require a staging bone scan? , 1997, British journal of urology.

[1074]  R. Veltri,et al.  Development, Molecular Biology, and Physiology of the Prostate , 2012 .

[1075]  C. Logothetis,et al.  Phase II study of ketoconazole combined with weekly doxorubicin in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. , 1994, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1076]  A. Semjonow,et al.  Impact of free prostate-specific antigen on discordant measurement results of assays for total prostate-specific antigen. , 1996, Urology.

[1077]  N. Dawson,et al.  The assessment of treatment outcomes in metastatic prostate cancer: changing endpoints. , 1997, European journal of cancer.

[1078]  A. Zietman,et al.  The effect of androgen deprivation and radiation therapy on an androgen-sensitive murine tumor: an in vitro and in vivo study. , 1997, The cancer journal from Scientific American.

[1079]  Paul W Dickman,et al.  Natural history of early, localized prostate cancer. , 2004, JAMA.

[1080]  F. Ameye,et al.  Radical prostatectomy for localized prostate cancer. , 1992, European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology.

[1081]  M. Garzotto,et al.  Androgen deprivation with salvage surgery for radiorecurrent prostate cancer: results at 5-year followup. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[1082]  M. Keating,et al.  Long-term experience with flutamide in patients with prostatic carcinoma. , 1989, Urology.

[1083]  J. Crook,et al.  Results of a randomized phase-III trial to evaluate the efficacy of strontium-89 adjuvant to local field external beam irradiation in the management of endocrine resistant metastatic prostate cancer. , 1993, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1084]  V. Molinie,et al.  Addition of radiotherapy to long-term androgen deprivation in locally advanced prostate cancer: an open randomised phase 3 trial. , 2012, European urology.

[1085]  M. Kattan,et al.  Radical prostatectomy for carcinoma of the prostate , 2004, Modern Pathology.

[1086]  D. Ornstein,et al.  Combined finasteride and flutamide therapy in men with advanced prostate cancer. , 1996, Urology.

[1087]  M. Ala-opas,et al.  Parenteral Estrogen versus Combined Androgen Deprivation in the Treatment of Metastatic Prostatic Cancer - Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group (SPCG) Study No. 5 , 2002, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology.

[1088]  S. F. Quinn,et al.  MR imaging of prostate cancer with an endorectal surface coil technique: correlation with whole-mount specimens. , 1994, Radiology.

[1089]  M. Soloway,et al.  Salvage radical prostatectomy for radiorecurrent prostate cancer: morbidity revisited. , 2000, Journal of Urology.

[1090]  W. Sause,et al.  Prognostic factors in carcinoma of the prostate--analysis of RTOG study 75-06. , 1987, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1091]  P. Scardino,et al.  Radical prostatectomy: long-term cancer control and recovery of sexual and urinary function ("trifecta"). , 2005, Urology.

[1092]  M. Parmar,et al.  Escalated-dose versus control-dose conformal radiotherapy for prostate cancer: long-term results from the MRC RT01 randomised controlled trial. , 2014, The Lancet. Oncology.

[1093]  P. Walsh,et al.  Influence of capsular penetration on progression following radical prostatectomy: a study of 196 cases with long-term followup. , 1993, The Journal of urology.

[1094]  Shwan Ahmed,et al.  Salvage cryotherapy for recurrent prostate cancer after radiation failure: a prospective case series of the first 100 patients , 2007, BJU international.

[1095]  E. Rakovitch,et al.  PSA doubling time of prostate carcinoma managed with watchful observation alone. , 2001, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1096]  B. Wullich,et al.  Outcome of prostate cancer patients with initial PSA> or =20 ng/ml undergoing radical prostatectomy. , 2007, European urology.

[1097]  A. Zlotta,et al.  Clinical prognostic criteria for later diagnosis of prostate carcinoma in patients with initial isolated prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. , 1996, European Urology.

[1098]  F. Bray,et al.  Cancer burden in the year 2000. The global picture. , 2001, European journal of cancer.

[1099]  R. Vessella,et al.  Screening for prostatic carcinoma with prostate specific antigen. , 1992, The Journal of urology.

[1100]  A. Zisman,et al.  Local anesthesia for prostate biopsy by periprostatic lidocaine injection: a double-blind placebo controlled study. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[1101]  C. D’Este,et al.  Short-term neoadjuvant androgen deprivation and radiotherapy for locally advanced prostate cancer: 10-year data from the TROG 96.01 randomised trial. , 2011, The Lancet. Oncology.

[1102]  H. Akaza,et al.  Combined androgen blockade with bicalutamide for advanced prostate cancer , 2009, Cancer.

[1103]  M. Kattan,et al.  Nomogram Predicting Prostate Cancer-specific Mortality for Men with Biochemical Recurrence After Radical Prostatectomy. , 2015, European urology.

[1104]  M. Emberton,et al.  To what extent does the prostate‐specific antigen nadir predict subsequent treatment failure after transrectal high‐intensity focused ultrasound therapy for presumed localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate? , 2006, BJU international.

[1105]  M. Cheang,et al.  Long-term outcome of radical radiation therapy for prostatic carcinoma: 1967-1987. , 1996, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1106]  S. Değer,et al.  Laparoscopic radical prostatectomy--the experience of the German Laparoscopic Working Group. , 2006, European urology.

[1107]  S. Mohile,et al.  Management of complications of androgen deprivation therapy in the older man. , 2009, Critical reviews in oncology/hematology.

[1108]  F. Saad,et al.  Denosumab in men receiving androgen-deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. , 2009, The New England journal of medicine.

[1109]  P. Carroll,et al.  Platinum Priority – Collaborative Review – Prostate Cancer Early Salvage Radiotherapy following Radical Prostatectomy , 2022 .

[1110]  M. Steiner,et al.  Antiestrogens and selective estrogen receptor modulators reduce prostate cancer risk , 2003, World Journal of Urology.

[1111]  R. Valdagni,et al.  Living with untreated prostate cancer: predictors of quality of life , 2014, Current opinion in urology.

[1112]  K. Pienta,et al.  A phase II trial of oral diethylstilbesterol as a second-line hormonal agent in advanced prostate cancer. , 1998, Urology.

[1113]  B. Matlaga,et al.  Results of the 5 region prostate biopsy method: the repeat biopsy population. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[1114]  A. Akdaş,et al.  Transrectal periprostatic lidocaine injection anesthesia for transrectal prostate biopsy: a prospective study , 2003, Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases.

[1115]  R. Cowan,et al.  Assessing the effect of a contouring protocol on postprostatectomy radiotherapy clinical target volumes and interphysician variation. , 2009, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1116]  Michael Souvatzoglou,et al.  Radionuclide and hybrid imaging of recurrent prostate cancer. , 2011, The Lancet. Oncology.

[1117]  J. Damber,et al.  Predictive value of prostate-specific antigen, tumour stage and tumour grade for the outcome of bone scintigraphy in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. , 1999, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology.

[1118]  R. DiPaola,et al.  Contemporary risk profile of prostate cancer in the United States. , 2009, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[1119]  J. Fowler,et al.  Prostate specific antigen after gonadal androgen withdrawal and deferred flutamide treatment. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[1120]  E. Steyerberg,et al.  Anxiety and distress during active surveillance for early prostate cancer , 2009, Cancer.

[1121]  B. Frankel,et al.  Percutaneous vertebral augmentation: an elevation in adjacent-level fracture risk in kyphoplasty as compared with vertebroplasty. , 2006, The spine journal : official journal of the North American Spine Society.

[1122]  G. Chisholm,et al.  Bone scanning and plasma phosphatases in carcinoma of the prostate. , 1978, British journal of urology.

[1123]  J. Nelson,et al.  Disease and host characteristics as predictors of time to first bone metastasis and death in men with progressive castration‐resistant nonmetastatic prostate cancer , 2011, Cancer.

[1124]  C. Binkert,et al.  Comparison of diffusion-weighted whole body MRI and skeletal scintigraphy for the detection of bone metastases in patients with prostate or breast carcinoma , 2010, Skeletal Radiology.

[1125]  M. Barry,et al.  Treatments for prostate cancer in older men: 1984-1997. , 2001, Urology.

[1126]  N. Parr,et al.  Bicalutamide monotherapy preserves bone mineral density, muscle strength and has significant health‐related quality of life benefits for osteoporotic men with prostate cancer , 2011, BJU international.

[1127]  W. Catalona,et al.  The Prostate Health Index: a new test for the detection of prostate cancer , 2014, Therapeutic advances in urology.

[1128]  Laurence Collette,et al.  One‐step TNM staging of high‐risk prostate cancer using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): Toward an upfront simplified “all‐in‐one” imaging approach? , 2014, The Prostate.

[1129]  C. Higano Side effects of androgen deprivation therapy: monitoring and minimizing toxicity. , 2003, Urology.

[1130]  F. Montorsi,et al.  PSA doubling time for prediction of [11C]choline PET/CT findings in prostate cancer patients with biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy , 2010, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[1131]  L. Elting,et al.  Bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis: a long-term complication of bisphosphonate treatment. , 2006, The Lancet. Oncology.

[1132]  P. Walsh,et al.  Immediate versus deferred treatment for advanced prostatic cancer: initial results of the Medical Research Council Trial. The Medical Research Council Prostate Cancer Working Party Investigators Group. , 1997 .

[1133]  P. Cordeiro,et al.  Bilateral cavernous nerve interposition grafting during radical retropubic prostatectomy: Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center experience. , 2007, The Journal of urology.

[1134]  Cary P Gross,et al.  Proton versus intensity-modulated radiotherapy for prostate cancer: patterns of care and early toxicity. , 2013, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[1135]  R. Kuefer,et al.  Pathological T0 prostate cancer without neoadjuvant therapy: clinical presentation and follow-up. , 2004, European urology.

[1136]  U. Capitanio,et al.  Combination of adjuvant hormonal and radiation therapy significantly prolongs survival of patients with pT2-4 pN+ prostate cancer: results of a matched analysis. , 2011, European urology.

[1137]  L. Denis,et al.  Casodex 10-200 mg daily, used as monotherapy for the treatment of patients with advanced prostate cancer. An overview of the efficacy, tolerability and pharmacokinetics from three phase II dose-ranging studies. Casodex Study Group. , 1998, European Urology.

[1138]  B. Donnelly,et al.  A randomized trial of external beam radiotherapy versus cryoablation in patients with localized prostate cancer , 2010, Cancer.

[1139]  H. Herr,et al.  Quality of life of asymptomatic men with nonmetastatic prostate cancer on androgen deprivation therapy. , 2000, The Journal of urology.

[1140]  F. Ameye,et al.  Accuracy of combined computerized tomography and fine needle aspiration cytology in lymph node staging of localized prostatic carcinoma. , 1994, The Journal of urology.

[1141]  I. Thompson,et al.  Metastatic carcinoma of the prostate: identifying prognostic groups using recursive partitioning. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[1142]  Jorge A. Garcia,et al.  Complications of androgen deprivation therapy in prostate cancer. , 2009, Current opinion in urology.

[1143]  L. Salomon,et al.  The prognostic significance of bladder neck invasion in prostate cancer: is microscopic involvement truly a T4 disease? , 2010, BJU international.

[1144]  T. Stamey,et al.  Prostate-Specific Antigen as a Serum Marker for Adenocarcinoma of the Prostate , 1987 .

[1145]  Клинические дисциплины Cancer and Leukemia Group B , 2010 .

[1146]  Anil Kumar,et al.  Targeted cryoablation of the prostate: 7-year outcomes in the primary treatment of prostate cancer. , 2002, Urology.

[1147]  International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Handling and Staging of Radical Prostatectomy Specimens. Working group 2: T2 substaging and prostate cancer volume , 2010 .

[1148]  T. Ahlering,et al.  Salvage surgery plus androgen deprivation for radioresistant prostatic adenocarcinoma. , 1992, The Journal of urology.

[1149]  J. O'fallon,et al.  Megestrol acetate for the prevention of hot flashes. , 1994, The New England journal of medicine.

[1150]  M. Sullivan,et al.  Quality of life in patients with prostatic cancer: results from a Swedish population study. , 1997, The Journal of urology.

[1151]  Kurt Miller,et al.  Increased survival with enzalutamide in prostate cancer after chemotherapy. , 2012, The New England journal of medicine.

[1152]  P. Scardino,et al.  Effect of repeated prostate biopsies on erectile function in men on active surveillance for prostate cancer. , 2014, The Journal of urology.

[1153]  Baris Turkbey,et al.  Multiparametric 3T prostate magnetic resonance imaging to detect cancer: histopathological correlation using prostatectomy specimens processed in customized magnetic resonance imaging based molds. , 2011, The Journal of urology.

[1154]  C. Becker,et al.  Cancer Prevention , 1955, Definitions.

[1155]  H Ballentine Carter,et al.  Complications after prostate biopsy: data from SEER-Medicare. , 2011, The Journal of urology.

[1156]  Charles R. Thomas,et al.  An update of the phase III trial comparing whole pelvic to prostate only radiotherapy and neoadjuvant to adjuvant total androgen suppression: updated analysis of RTOG 94-13, with emphasis on unexpected hormone/radiation interactions. , 2007, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1157]  Joos V Lebesque,et al.  Dose-response in radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: results of the Dutch multicenter randomized phase III trial comparing 68 Gy of radiotherapy with 78 Gy. , 2006, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1158]  Jacobson Af Association of prostate-specific antigen levels and patterns of benign and malignant uptake detected. on bone scintigraphy in patients with newly diagnosed prostate carcinoma. , 2000 .

[1159]  U. Engelmann,et al.  Prospective randomized Phase II trial of pegylated doxorubicin in the management of symptomatic hormone‐refractory prostate carcinoma , 2004, Cancer.

[1160]  D. Quinn,et al.  Angiogenesis-targeted therapies in prostate cancer. , 2004, Clinical prostate cancer.

[1161]  J. Moul,et al.  Men older than 70 years have higher risk prostate cancer and poorer survival in the early and late prostate specific antigen eras. , 2009, The Journal of urology.

[1162]  M. Terris,et al.  Preoperative model for predicting prostate specific antigen recurrence after radical prostatectomy using percent of biopsy tissue with cancer, biopsy Gleason grade and serum prostate specific antigen. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[1163]  R. Cornum,et al.  Failure to achieve castrate levels of testosterone during luteinizing hormone releasing hormone agonist therapy: the case for monitoring serum testosterone and a treatment decision algorithm. , 2000, The Journal of urology.

[1164]  M. Blute,et al.  Long-term outcome in patients with pTxN+ adenocarcinoma of prostate treated with radical prostatectomy and early androgen ablation. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[1165]  P. Unger,et al.  Long-term outcome and toxicity of salvage brachytherapy for local failure after initial radiotherapy for prostate cancer. , 2009, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1166]  L. Schwartz,et al.  New response evaluation criteria in solid tumours: revised RECIST guideline (version 1.1). , 2009, European journal of cancer.

[1167]  O. Lundberg,et al.  Health in Sweden: The National Public Health Report 2005 , 2006, Scandinavian journal of public health. Supplement.

[1168]  A. Haese*,et al.  Preoperative Prostate-specific Antigen Isoform p2PSA and Its Derivatives, %p2PSA and Prostate Health Index, Predict Pathologic Outcomes in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy for Prostate Cancer: Results from a Multicentric European Prospective Study. , 2015, European urology.

[1169]  Robert E Lenkinski,et al.  Prostate cancer: accurate determination of extracapsular extension with high-spatial-resolution dynamic contrast-enhanced and T2-weighted MR imaging--initial results. , 2007, Radiology.

[1170]  T. Tammela,et al.  A Randomised Comparison of ‘Casodex’TM (Bicalutamide) 150 mg Monotherapy versus Castration in the Treatment of Metastatic and Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer , 1998, European Urology.

[1171]  D. Pfister,et al.  Prognostic parameters, complications, and oncologic and functional outcome of salvage radical prostatectomy for locally recurrent prostate cancer after 21st-century radiotherapy. , 2010, European urology.

[1172]  J. Fowler,et al.  Hypofractionated versus conventionally fractionated radiotherapy for prostate carcinoma: final results of phase III randomized trial. , 2011, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1173]  J. Mckinlay,et al.  Testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, and the development of type 2 diabetes in middle-aged men: prospective results from the Massachusetts male aging study. , 2000, Diabetes care.

[1174]  W. Catalona,et al.  Intermediate-term potency, continence, and survival outcomes of radical prostatectomy for clinically high-risk or locally advanced prostate cancer. , 2007, Urology.

[1175]  L. Chung,et al.  Suramin-induced decrease in prostate-specific antigen expression with no effect on tumor growth in the LNCaP model of human prostate cancer. , 1996, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[1176]  G. Bartsch,et al.  Periprostatic administration of local anesthesia during transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy of the prostate: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. , 2003, Urology.

[1177]  A. D'Amico,et al.  Prostate Specific Antigen Doubling Time , 2008 .

[1178]  J. Adolfsson,et al.  The 20-Yr outcome in patients with well- or moderately differentiated clinically localized prostate cancer diagnosed in the pre-PSA era: the prognostic value of tumour ploidy and comorbidity. , 2007, European urology.

[1179]  Theodore L. DeWeese,et al.  Localized Prostate Cancer , 2007 .

[1180]  T. Tammela,et al.  Bicalutamide (150 mg) versus placebo as immediate therapy alone or as adjuvant to therapy with curative intent for early nonmetastatic prostate cancer: 5.3-year median followup from the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group Study Number 6. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[1181]  F. Saad,et al.  Enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy. , 2014, The New England journal of medicine.

[1182]  P. Kantoff,et al.  Randomized controlled trial of annual zoledronic acid to prevent gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist-induced bone loss in men with prostate cancer. , 2007, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1183]  R. Henriksson,et al.  Estramustine potentiates the effects of irradiation on the dunning (R3327) rat prostatic adenocarcinoma , 1994, The Prostate.

[1184]  Filippo Annino,et al.  Randomized comparison between laparoscopic and robot-assisted nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. , 2011, The journal of sexual medicine.

[1185]  T. Roskams,et al.  Is low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia a risk factor for cancer? , 2003, Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases.

[1186]  T. Wilt,et al.  A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials of neo-adjuvant hormone therapy for localised and locally advanced prostate carcinoma. , 2009, Cancer treatment reviews.

[1187]  Algorithm for the Management of Osteoporosis , 2010, Southern medical journal.

[1188]  The prognostic significance of prostate specific antigen in metastatic hormone-resistant prostate cancer. , 1992, British journal of cancer.

[1189]  A. D'Amico,et al.  Time to prostate‐specific antigen nadir independently predicts overall survival in patients who have metastatic hormone‐sensitive prostate cancer treated with androgen‐deprivation therapy , 2009, Cancer.

[1190]  G. Hanks,et al.  Updated results of the phase III Radiation Therapy Oncology Group (RTOG) trial 85-31 evaluating the potential benefit of androgen suppression following standard radiation therapy for unfavorable prognosis carcinoma of the prostate. , 2001, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1191]  P. Kantoff,et al.  Phase I clinical trial of the CYP17 inhibitor abiraterone acetate demonstrating clinical activity in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer who received prior ketoconazole therapy. , 2010, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1192]  David C. Smith,et al.  Phase II trial of paclitaxel, estramustine, etoposide, and carboplatin in the treatment of patients with hormone‐refractory prostate carcinoma , 2003, Cancer.

[1193]  H. Scher,et al.  A multicenter phase II study of abiraterone acetate (AA) in docetaxel pretreated castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients (pts). , 2016, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1194]  Masoom A Haider,et al.  Anatomic boundaries of the clinical target volume (prostate bed) after radical prostatectomy. , 2007, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1195]  Thomas J. Smith,et al.  American Society of Clinical Oncology recommendations for the initial hormonal management of androgen-sensitive metastatic, recurrent, or progressive prostate cancer. , 2004, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1196]  K. Iczkowski Current prostate biopsy interpretation: criteria for cancer, atypical small acinar proliferation, high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, and use of immunostains. , 2009, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine.

[1197]  H. G. van der Poel,et al.  Contemporary role of prostate cancer antigen 3 in the management of prostate cancer. , 2011, European urology.

[1198]  J. Wolff,et al.  Intermittent hormonal therapy in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer: a randomized trial , 2012, BJU international.

[1199]  M. Gleave,et al.  Ability of serum prostate-specific antigen levels to predict normal bone scans in patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. , 1996, Urology.

[1200]  Francesco Porpiglia,et al.  Randomised controlled trial comparing laparoscopic and robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. , 2013, European urology.

[1201]  Jean Pouliot,et al.  Daily electronic portal imaging of implanted gold seed fiducials in patients undergoing radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy. , 2005, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1202]  Stereotactic body radiotherapy with a focal boost to the MRI-visible tumor as monotherapy for low- and intermediate-risk prostate cancer: early results , 2013, Radiation oncology.

[1203]  H. Zaidi,et al.  18F‐choline and/or 11C‐acetate positron emission tomography: detection of residual or progressive subclinical disease at very low prostate‐specific antigen values (<1 ng/mL) after radical prostatectomy , 2007, BJU international.

[1204]  M. Resnick,et al.  Reassessment of the definition of castrate levels of testosterone: implications for clinical decision making. , 2000, Urology.

[1205]  I. Toma-Dasu,et al.  Prostate alpha/beta revisited – an analysis of clinical results from 14 168 patients , 2012, Acta oncologica.

[1206]  E. Horwitz,et al.  Prostate-specific antigen doubling time predicts the development of distant metastases for patients who fail 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy or intensity modulated radiation therapy using the Phoenix definition , 2011 .

[1207]  D. Dearnaley,et al.  Significant and sustained antitumor activity in post-docetaxel, castration-resistant prostate cancer with the CYP17 inhibitor abiraterone acetate. , 2010, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1208]  A. Fortin,et al.  Beneficial effect of combination hormonal therapy administered prior and following external beam radiation therapy in localized prostate cancer. , 1997, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1209]  J L Sauvain,et al.  Value of power doppler and 3D vascular sonography as a method for diagnosis and staging of prostate cancer. , 2003, European urology.

[1210]  J. Cerny,et al.  Bilateral orchiectomy for carcinoma of prostate. Response of serum testosterone and clinical response to subsequent estrogen therapy. , 1981, Urology.

[1211]  S. Steinberg,et al.  Randomized phase III trial of thalidomide (Th) or placebo (P) for non-metastatic PSA recurrent prostate cancer (PCa) treated with intermittent therapy , 2008 .

[1212]  Oliver Sartor,et al.  Adjuvant and salvage radiation therapy after prostatectomy: American Society for Radiation Oncology/American Urological Association guidelines. , 2013, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1213]  Oliver Sartor,et al.  Focal therapy for localized prostate cancer: a critical appraisal of rationale and modalities. , 2007, The Journal of urology.

[1214]  Transrectal Ultrasonography Compared to Histopathological Assessment for Local Staging of Prostatic Carcinoma , 1990, Acta radiologica.

[1215]  Harry J de Koning,et al.  Lead times and overdetection due to prostate-specific antigen screening: estimates from the European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer. , 2003, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[1216]  B. G. Blijenberg,et al.  Prostate-cancer mortality at 11 years of follow-up. , 2012, The New England journal of medicine.

[1217]  I. Thompson,et al.  Adjuvant radiotherapy for high-risk patients following radical prostatectomy. , 2007, Urologic oncology.

[1218]  B. Frankel,et al.  SEGMENTAL POLYMETHYLMETHACRYLATE‐AUGMENTED PEDICLE SCREW FIXATION IN PATIENTS WITH BONE SOFTENING CAUSED BY OSTEOPOROSIS AND METASTATIC TUMOR INVOLVEMENT: A CLINICAL EVALUATION , 2007, Neurosurgery.

[1219]  W. Catalona,et al.  Serial prostatic biopsies in men with persistently elevated serum prostate specific antigen values. , 1994, The Journal of urology.

[1220]  P. Ditonno,et al.  Bicalutamide monotherapy versus flutamide plus goserelin in prostate cancer patients: results of an Italian Prostate Cancer Project study. , 1999, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1221]  J. Muscat,et al.  Serum prostate-specific antigen as a predictor of staging abdominal/pelvic computed tomography in newly diagnosed prostate cancer , 1996, Abdominal Imaging.

[1222]  Arturo Molina,et al.  Abiraterone and increased survival in metastatic prostate cancer. , 2011, The New England journal of medicine.

[1223]  E. Adang,et al.  The diagnostic accuracy of CT and MRI in the staging of pelvic lymph nodes in patients with prostate cancer: a meta-analysis. , 2008, Clinical radiology.

[1224]  T. Schultheiss,et al.  The influence of local control on metastatic dissemination of prostate cancer treated by external beam megavoltage radiation therapy , 1991, Cancer.

[1225]  Risk of prostate cancer-specific mortality following biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. , 2005 .

[1226]  N. Sato,et al.  Intermittent androgen suppression for locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer: preliminary report of a prospective multicenter study. , 2004, Urology.

[1227]  Kara Hamilton,et al.  Second primary cancer after radiotherapy for prostate cancer--a seer analysis of brachytherapy versus external beam radiotherapy. , 2008, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1228]  J. Rambeaud Intermittent Complete Androgen Blockade in Metastatic Prostate Cancer , 1998, European Urology.

[1229]  P. Scardino,et al.  Salvage radical prostatectomy: outcome measured by serum prostate specific antigen levels. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[1230]  A. Jemal,et al.  Cancer Statistics, 2006 , 2006, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[1231]  N. Mottet,et al.  MANAGEMENT OF LOCALLY ADVANCED PROSTATE CANCER: A EUROPEAN CONSENSUS , 2003, International journal of clinical practice.

[1232]  T. Stamey,et al.  Prostate cancer is highly predictable: a prognostic equation based on all morphological variables in radical prostatectomy specimens. , 2000, The Journal of urology.

[1233]  S. Loeb Guideline of guidelines: prostate cancer screening , 2014, BJU international.

[1234]  A. D'Amico,et al.  Guideline for the management of clinically localized prostate cancer: 2007 update. , 2007, The Journal of urology.

[1235]  S. Larson,et al.  Phase II multicenter study of abiraterone acetate plus prednisone therapy in patients with docetaxel-treated castration-resistant prostate cancer. , 2010, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1236]  I. Tannock,et al.  Treatment of prostate cancer with intermittent versus continuous androgen deprivation: a systematic review of randomized trials. , 2013, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1237]  Sudhir Agrawal,et al.  Antisense therapy targeting MDM2 oncogene in prostate cancer: Effects on proliferation, apoptosis, multiple gene expression, and chemotherapy , 2003, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[1238]  F. Saad,et al.  Abiraterone in metastatic prostate cancer without previous chemotherapy. , 2013, The New England journal of medicine.

[1239]  E. Adang,et al.  Cost-analysis of staging methods for lymph nodes in patients with prostate cancer: MRI with a lymph node-specific contrast agent compared to pelvic lymph node dissection or CT , 2004, European Radiology.

[1240]  Y. Yamada,et al.  The natural history and predictors of outcome following biochemical relapse in the dose escalation era for prostate cancer patients undergoing definitive external beam radiotherapy. , 2015, European urology.

[1241]  M. Duh,et al.  Risk of clinical fractures after gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist therapy for prostate cancer. , 2006, The Journal of urology.

[1242]  D. Eton,et al.  Prostate cancer and health‐related quality of life: a review of the literature , 2002, Psycho-oncology.

[1243]  W. Vach,et al.  [18F]fluoromethylcholine (FCH) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) for lymph node staging of prostate cancer: a prospective study of 210 patients , 2012, BJU international.

[1244]  Dawei Xie,et al.  All‐Cause 1‐, 5‐, and 10‐Year Mortality in Elderly People According to Activities of Daily Living Stage , 2012, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[1245]  D. Russell,et al.  Expression and regulation of steroid 5α-reductase 2 in prostate disease , 1994 .

[1246]  B. Trock,et al.  Importance of tumor location in patients with high preoperative prostate specific antigen levels (greater than 20 ng/ml) treated with radical prostatectomy. , 2007, The Journal of urology.

[1247]  Steven L. Chang,et al.  Comparative effectiveness of robot-assisted and open radical prostatectomy in the postdissemination era. , 2014, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1248]  D. Kirk Quality of life compared during pharmacological treatments and clinical monitoring for non‐localized prostate cancer: a randomized controlled trial , 2004, BJU international.

[1249]  Thomas Hambrock,et al.  Three-Tesla magnetic resonance-guided prostate biopsy in men with increased prostate-specific antigen and repeated, negative, random, systematic, transrectal ultrasound biopsies: detection of clinically significant prostate cancers. , 2012, European urology.

[1250]  Bettina M. Gramer,et al.  Prospective comparison of computed tomography, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging and [11C]choline positron emission tomography/computed tomography for preoperative lymph node staging in prostate cancer patients , 2014, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[1251]  H. Schmid,et al.  Update on screening for prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen. , 2004, Critical reviews in oncology/hematology.

[1252]  D. Kuban,et al.  Biochemical disease-free survival in men younger than 60 years with prostate cancer treated with external beam radiation. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[1253]  A. Pupi,et al.  Role of whole-body 18F-choline PET/CT in disease detection in patients with biochemical relapse after radical treatment for prostate cancer , 2008, La radiologia medica.

[1254]  N. Parr,et al.  Frequency of zoledronic acid to prevent further bone loss in osteoporotic patients undergoing androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer , 2010, BJU international.

[1255]  Erik Holmberg,et al.  Mortality results from the Göteborg randomised population-based prostate-cancer screening trial. , 2010, The Lancet. Oncology.

[1256]  T H Beaty,et al.  Family history and the risk of prostate cancer , 1990, The Prostate.

[1257]  A. Gross,et al.  Single application of high‐intensity focused ultrasound as a first‐line therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer: 5‐year outcomes , 2012, BJU international.

[1258]  A. Pollack,et al.  Serum prostate-specific antigen after radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer: prognostic implications. , 1994, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1259]  Christopher U. Jones,et al.  Radiotherapy and short-term androgen deprivation for localized prostate cancer. , 2011, The New England journal of medicine.

[1260]  E. Varenhorst,et al.  Long-term survival in a Swedish population-based cohort of men with prostate cancer. , 2000, Urology.

[1261]  A. Finelli,et al.  Results of high intensity focused ultrasound treatment of prostate cancer: early Canadian experience at a single center. , 2011, The Canadian journal of urology.

[1262]  Paul Schellhammer,et al.  Defining biochemical failure following radiotherapy with or without hormonal therapy in men with clinically localized prostate cancer: recommendations of the RTOG-ASTRO Phoenix Consensus Conference. , 2006, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1263]  D L McCullough,et al.  Systematic 5 region prostate biopsy is superior to sextant method for diagnosing carcinoma of the prostate. , 1997, The Journal of urology.

[1264]  P. Black,et al.  Clinically Significant Urethral Stricture and/or Subclinical Urethral Stricture after High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound Correlates with Disease-Free Survival in Patients with Localized Prostate Cancer , 2011, Urologia Internationalis.

[1265]  Medicina Nei Secoli La Redazione No Abstract Available , 2005 .

[1266]  P. Scardino,et al.  Long-term outcome following radical prostatectomy in men with clinical stage T3 prostate cancer. , 2006, The Journal of urology.

[1267]  P. Iversen Antiandrogen monotherapy: indications and results. , 2002, Urology.

[1268]  C. Brendler,et al.  Indications and contraindications for nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. , 2001, The Urologic clinics of North America.

[1269]  J. Cuzick,et al.  International study into the use of intermittent hormone therapy in the treatment of carcinoma of the prostate: a meta‐analysis of 1446 patients , 2007, BJU international.

[1270]  L. Kiemeney,et al.  DD3PCA3-based Molecular Urine Analysis for the Diagnosis of Prostate Cancer , 2003 .

[1271]  P. Carroll,et al.  Local staging of prostatic carcinoma: comparison of transrectal sonography and endorectal MR imaging. , 1996, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[1272]  B. Leibovich,et al.  Long‐term outcomes of radical prostatectomy with multimodal adjuvant therapy in men with a preoperative serum prostate‐specific antigen level ≥50 ng/mL , 2008, Cancer.

[1273]  J. Crowley,et al.  Effect of selenium and vitamin E on risk of prostate cancer and other cancers: the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). , 2009, JAMA.

[1274]  S. Daneshmand,et al.  Androgen deprivation therapy: evidence‐based management of side effects , 2013, BJU international.

[1275]  Y. Yamada,et al.  Incidence of late rectal and urinary toxicities after three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy and intensity-modulated radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer. , 2008, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1276]  L. Klotz Active surveillance for prostate cancer: trials and tribulations , 2008, World Journal of Urology.

[1277]  C. Pelizzari,et al.  Evaluation of the prostate bed for local recurrence after radical prostatectomy using endorectal magnetic resonance imaging. , 2013, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1278]  F. Montorsi,et al.  [11C]choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography to restage prostate cancer cases with biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy and no disease evidence on conventional imaging. , 2010, The Journal of urology.

[1279]  J. Oesterling,et al.  Prostate Cancer Clinical Guidelines Panel Summary report on the management of clinically localized prostate cancer. The American Urological Association. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[1280]  H. Scher,et al.  Prostate specific antigen decline after antiandrogen withdrawal: the flutamide withdrawal syndrome. , 1993, The Journal of urology.

[1281]  F. Schröder,et al.  Is there evidence of a relationship between benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer? Findings of a literature review. , 2009, European urology.

[1282]  H. G. van der Poel,et al.  Salvage radical prostatectomy for radiation-recurrent prostate cancer: a multi-institutional collaboration. , 2011, European urology.

[1283]  M. Parmar,et al.  Adjuvant therapy with oral sodium clodronate in locally advanced and metastatic prostate cancer: long-term overall survival results from the MRC PR04 and PR05 randomised controlled trials , 2009, The Lancet. Oncology.

[1284]  W. See,et al.  The addition of bicalutamide 150 mg to radiotherapy significantly improves overall survival in men with locally advanced prostate cancer , 2006, Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.

[1285]  A. Zarkar,et al.  Docetaxel re-treatment for metastatic hormone refractory prostate cancer , 2008 .

[1286]  G. Naglie,et al.  Do older men benefit from curative therapy of localized prostate cancer? , 2003, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1287]  Quality of Life in Advanced Prostate Cancer: Results of a Randomized Therapeutic Trial , 1998 .

[1288]  M. Suarez‐Almazor,et al.  Mortality and Institutionalization Following Hip Fracture , 2000, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[1289]  W. Mackillop,et al.  Assessing the impact of comorbid illnesses on death within 10 years in prostate cancer treatment candidates , 2011, Cancer.

[1290]  P. Febbo,et al.  A 17-gene assay to predict prostate cancer aggressiveness in the context of Gleason grade heterogeneity, tumor multifocality, and biopsy undersampling. , 2014, European urology.

[1291]  Hanks Ge External-beam radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer: patterns of care studies in the United States. , 1988 .

[1292]  S. Walker,et al.  Quality of Life Assessment: Key Issues in the 1990s , 1993, Springer Netherlands.

[1293]  C. Chapple Results of radical prostatectomy in men with locally advanced prostate cancer: multi‐institutional pooled analysis , 1998 .

[1294]  A. Heidenreich Multimodality Treatment in Advanced Prostate Cancer , 2004 .

[1295]  Alan W Partin,et al.  Updated nomogram to predict pathologic stage of prostate cancer given prostate-specific antigen level, clinical stage, and biopsy Gleason score (Partin tables) based on cases from 2000 to 2005. , 2007, Urology.

[1296]  R. Williams,et al.  Staging of incidentally detected prostate cancer: role of repeat resection, prostate-specific antigen, needle biopsy, and imaging. , 1996, Seminars in urologic oncology.

[1297]  M. Blute,et al.  Extended experience with radical prostatectomy for clinical stage T3 prostate cancer: outcome and contemporary morbidity. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[1298]  C. Reddy,et al.  Comparison of the efficacy of local therapies for localized prostate cancer in the prostate-specific antigen era: a large single-institution experience with radical prostatectomy and external-beam radiotherapy. , 2002, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1299]  Bernhard Walter,et al.  High-intensity focused ultrasound for the treatment of localized prostate cancer: 5-year experience. , 2004, Urology.

[1300]  H. Scher,et al.  Phase II multicenter study of abiraterone acetate (AA) plus prednisone therapy in docetaxel-treated castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) patients (pts): Impact of prior ketoconazole (keto). , 2009, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1301]  T. Roskams,et al.  Detection of clinical unilateral T3a prostate cancer – by digital rectal examination or transrectal ultrasonography? , 2006, BJU international.

[1302]  H. Sandler,et al.  Interval to biochemical failure as a biomarker for cause‐specific and overall survival after dose‐escalated external beam radiation therapy for prostate cancer , 2012, Cancer.

[1303]  Jim C Hu,et al.  Association of androgen deprivation therapy with cardiovascular death in patients with prostate cancer: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. , 2011, JAMA.

[1304]  C. Bulpitt,et al.  Testosterone suppression in men with prostate cancer leads to an increase in arterial stiffness and hyperinsulinaemia , 2003 .

[1305]  M. Listrom,et al.  Incidental carcinoma of the prostate: an analysis of the predictors of progression. , 1988, The Journal of urology.

[1306]  A. Belldegrun,et al.  Third‐generation cryosurgery for primary and recurrent prostate cancer , 2004, BJU international.

[1307]  Randomized trial comparing two fractionation schedules for patients with localized prostate cancer. , 2005 .

[1308]  A. Belldegrun,et al.  Comparison of helical computerized tomography, positron emission tomography and monoclonal antibody scans for evaluation of lymph node metastases in patients with prostate specific antigen relapse after treatment for localized prostate cancer. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[1309]  E. Bergstralh,et al.  Long-term evaluation of radical prostatectomy as treatment for clinical stage C (T3) prostate cancer. , 1993, Urology.

[1310]  A. Villers,et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging in active surveillance of prostate cancer: a systematic review. , 2015, European urology.

[1311]  Tomohiko Ichikawa,et al.  Alternative nonsteroidal antiandrogen therapy for advanced prostate cancer that relapsed after initial maximum androgen blockade. , 2008, The Journal of urology.

[1312]  E. Bergstralh,et al.  Long-term outcome after radical prostatectomy for patients with lymph node positive prostate cancer in the prostate specific antigen era. , 2007, The Journal of urology.

[1313]  O. Bratt Hereditary prostate cancer: clinical aspects. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[1314]  Neil Fleshner,et al.  Feasibility study: watchful waiting for localized low to intermediate grade prostate carcinoma with selective delayed intervention based on prostate specific antigen, histological and/or clinical progression. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[1315]  R. Gittes Carcinoma of the prostate. , 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

[1316]  P. Ghadjar,et al.  Comparative analysis of prostate‐specific antigen free survival outcomes for patients with low, intermediate and high risk prostate cancer treatment by radical therapy. Results from the Prostate Cancer Results Study Group , 2012, BJU international.

[1317]  M. Soloway,et al.  Stratification of patients with metastatic prostate cancer based on extent of disease on initial bone scan , 1988, Cancer.

[1318]  J. Moul Treatment of PSA only recurrence of prostate cancer after prior local therapy. , 2006, Current pharmaceutical design.

[1319]  J. Morote,et al.  Value of Routine Transition Zone Biopsies in Patients Undergoing Ultrasound-Guided Sextant Biopsies for the First Time , 1999, European Urology.

[1320]  P. Scardino,et al.  Treatment of newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer patients with chemotherapy agents in combination with hormones versus hormones alone , 1983, Cancer.

[1321]  M. Picchio,et al.  [11C]Choline PET/CT detection of bone metastases in patients with PSA progression after primary treatment for prostate cancer: comparison with bone scintigraphy , 2011, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[1322]  H. Sandler,et al.  Late toxicity and biochemical recurrence after external‐beam radiotherapy combined with permanent‐source prostate brachytherapy , 2007, Cancer.

[1323]  M. Gallucci,et al.  An open, randomised, multicentre, phase 3 trial comparing the efficacy of two tamoxifen schedules in preventing gynaecomastia induced by bicalutamide monotherapy in prostate cancer patients. , 2010, European urology.

[1324]  C. Gatsonis,et al.  Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography in staging early prostate cancer. Results of a multi-institutional cooperative trial. , 1990, The New England journal of medicine.

[1325]  R. Zarbo,et al.  Diagnostic Uncertainty Expressed in Prostate Needle Biopsies , 2009 .

[1326]  M. Piérart,et al.  Duration of androgen suppression in the treatment of prostate cancer. , 2009, The New England journal of medicine.

[1327]  G. Onik,et al.  Focal "nerve-sparing" cryosurgery for treatment of primary prostate cancer: a new approach to preserving potency. , 2002, Urology.

[1328]  M. Meng,et al.  Prostate Cancer Predictors of Pathologic Progression on Biopsy Among Men on Active Surveillance for Localized Prostate Cancer : The Value of the Pattern of Surveillance Biopsies , 2013 .

[1329]  P. Validire,et al.  Morbidity of focal therapy in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. , 2013, European urology.

[1330]  M. Dauge,et al.  Effect of radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy on serum prostate-specific antigen measured by an ultrasensitive assay. , 1995, Urology.

[1331]  I. Tannock,et al.  Docetaxel plus prednisone or mitoxantrone plus prednisone for advanced prostate cancer. , 2004, The New England journal of medicine.

[1332]  I. Kaplan,et al.  Prostate specific antigen after external beam radiotherapy for prostatic cancer: followup. , 1993, The Journal of urology.

[1333]  H. Hricak,et al.  Endorectal MR imaging in the evaluation of seminal vesicle invasion: diagnostic accuracy and multivariate feature analysis. , 2006, Radiology.

[1334]  F. Montorsi,et al.  Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of postoperative nightly sildenafil citrate for the prevention of erectile dysfunction after bilateral nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy , 2008, International Journal of Impotence Research.

[1335]  Jorge Yao,et al.  Immediate versus deferred androgen deprivation treatment in patients with node-positive prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy and pelvic lymphadenectomy. , 2006, The Lancet. Oncology.

[1336]  N. Keating,et al.  Diabetes and cardiovascular disease during androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. , 2006, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1337]  P. Kantoff,et al.  Sipuleucel-T immunotherapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer. , 2010, The New England journal of medicine.

[1338]  S. Boorjian,et al.  Radiation therapy after radical prostatectomy: impact on metastasis and survival. , 2009, The Journal of urology.

[1339]  N. Parr,et al.  Long‐term changes in bone mineral density and predicted fracture risk in patients receiving androgen‐deprivation therapy for prostate cancer, with stratification of treatment based on presenting values , 2009, BJU international.

[1340]  L. Egevad,et al.  The 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus Conference on Gleason Grading of Prostatic Carcinoma , 2005, The American journal of surgical pathology.

[1341]  S. Katz Studies of illness in the aged , 1963 .

[1342]  M. Misso,et al.  Lycopene for the prevention and treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer: a systematic review. , 2012, Maturitas.

[1343]  N. Blumstein,et al.  Weiterentwicklung der PET und des PET/CT beim Prostatakarzinom , 2006, Der Urologe.

[1344]  W. Oh,et al.  Bicalutamide Monotherapy Compared with Castration in Patients with Nonmetastatic Locally Advanced Prostate Cancer: 6.3 Years of Follow‐up , 2001 .

[1345]  S. Yao,et al.  Population-based study of long-term survival in patients with clinically localised prostate cancer , 1997, The Lancet.

[1346]  A. Agarwal,et al.  Nerve-sparing surgery significantly affects long-term continence after radical prostatectomy. , 2007, Urology.

[1347]  T. Wilt,et al.  Intermittent versus continuous androgen suppression for prostatic cancer. , 2007, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[1348]  T. Stamey,et al.  Observations on the doubling time of prostate cancer. The use of serial prostate‐specific antigen in patients with untreated disease as a measure of increasing cancer volume , 1993, Cancer.

[1349]  E. Messing,et al.  Predominant treatment failure in postprostatectomy patients is local: analysis of patterns of treatment failure in SWOG 8794. , 2007, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1350]  W. Catalona,et al.  Characteristics of prostate cancer detected by digital rectal examination only. , 2006, Urology.

[1351]  A. Zlotta,et al.  4–Year Follow–Up Results of a European Prospective Randomized Study on Neoadjuvant Hormonal Therapy prior to Radical Prostatectomy in T2–3N0M0 Prostate Cancer , 2000, European Urology.

[1352]  J. Moul,et al.  Limited value of bone scintigraphy and computed tomography in assessing biochemical failure after radical prostatectomy. , 2003, Urology.

[1353]  J. Hugosson,et al.  Outcome of Laterally Directed Sextant Biopsies of the Prostate in Screened Males Aged 50–66 Years , 2001, European Urology.

[1354]  R. Miralbell,et al.  Evaluation of [18F]-choline PET/CT for staging and restaging of prostate cancer , 2008, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[1355]  W. Cavanagh,et al.  20 Gy versus 44 Gy supplemental beam radiation with Pd-103 prostate brachytherapy: preliminary biochemical outcomes from a prospective randomized multi-center trial. , 2005, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[1356]  E. Crawford,et al.  Effects of continued androgen-deprivation therapy and other prognostic factors on response and survival in phase II chemotherapy trials for hormone-refractory prostate cancer: a Southwest Oncology Group report. , 1994, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1357]  A. Rademaker,et al.  Re: Prostate specific antigen in the diagnosis and treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. , 1990, The Journal of urology.

[1358]  B. Donnelly,et al.  Salvage prostate cryoablation: initial results from the cryo on-line data registry. , 2008, The Journal of urology.

[1359]  P. Gabriele,et al.  Endorectal magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 Tesla to assess local recurrence following radical prostatectomy using T2-weighted and contrast-enhanced imaging , 2009, European Radiology.

[1360]  R. Bociek,et al.  Radiotherapy for localized prostate carcinoma , 1997, Cancer.

[1361]  A. Semjonow,et al.  Discordance of assay methods creates pitfalls for the interpretation of prostate‐specific antigen values , 1996, The Prostate. Supplement.

[1362]  G. Hortobagyi,et al.  Guidance on the use of bisphosphonates in solid tumours: recommendations of an international expert panel. , 2008, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[1363]  N F Wasserman,et al.  Preoperative assessment of prostatic carcinoma by computerized tomography. Weaknesses and new perspectives. , 1992, Urology.

[1364]  P. Carroll,et al.  The efficacy of cryosurgical ablation of prostate cancer: the University of California, San Francisco experience. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[1365]  Lidia Strigari,et al.  Updated results and patterns of failure in a randomized hypofractionation trial for high-risk prostate cancer. , 2012, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1366]  W. Kassouf,et al.  Nilutamide as second line hormone therapy for prostate cancer after androgen ablation fails. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[1367]  H. Adami,et al.  NATURAL HISTORY OF LOCALISED PROSTATIC CANCER A Population-based Study in 223 Untreated Patients , 1989, The Lancet.

[1368]  T. D. de Reijke,et al.  Long-term efficacy and safety of nilutamide plus castration in advanced prostate cancer, and the significance of early prostate specific antigen normalization , 1997 .

[1369]  A. Busuttil,et al.  Age, and size and grade of tumour predict prognosis in incidentally diagnosed carcinoma of the prostate. , 1988, British journal of urology.

[1370]  G. Haas,et al.  The frequency of carcinoma and intraepithelial neoplasia of the prostate in young male patients. , 1993, The Journal of urology.

[1371]  Y. Yamada,et al.  Dose escalation for prostate cancer radiotherapy: predictors of long-term biochemical tumor control and distant metastases-free survival outcomes. , 2011, European urology.

[1372]  I. Bourdel-Marchasson,et al.  Undernutrition in elderly patients with cancer: target for diagnosis and intervention. , 2008, Critical reviews in oncology/hematology.

[1373]  M. Parmar,et al.  Escalated-dose versus standard-dose conformal radiotherapy in prostate cancer: first results from the MRC RT01 randomised controlled trial. , 2007, The Lancet. Oncology.

[1374]  M. Wirth,et al.  Bicalutamide 150 mg in addition to standard care in patients with localized or locally advanced prostate cancer: results from the second analysis of the early prostate cancer program at median followup of 5.4 years. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[1375]  D. Lubeck,et al.  Predictors of secondary cancer treatment in patients receiving local therapy for prostate cancer: data from cancer of the prostate strategic urologic research endeavor. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[1376]  Amnon Zisman,et al.  Treatment of organ confined prostate cancer with third generation cryosurgery: preliminary multicenter experience. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[1377]  M. Schostak,et al.  Eight years' experience with high-intensity focused ultrasonography for treatment of localized prostate cancer. , 2008, Urology.

[1378]  Donna L Berry,et al.  Intermittent versus continuous androgen deprivation in prostate cancer. , 2013, The New England journal of medicine.

[1379]  P. Klarskov,et al.  Parenteral estrogen versus combined androgen deprivation in the treatment of metastatic prostatic cancer: Part 2. Final evaluation of the Scandinavian Prostatic Cancer Group (SPCG) Study No. 5 , 2008, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology.

[1380]  L. Klotz,et al.  Active surveillance for clinically localized prostate cancer––A systematic review , 2014, Journal of Surgical Oncology.

[1381]  M. Roobol,et al.  Active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer worldwide: the PRIAS study. , 2013, European urology.

[1382]  A. Herder,et al.  Radical retropubic prostatectomy for localised prostatic carcinoma: a clinical and pathological study of 201 cases. , 1993, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology.

[1383]  Jennifer R. Rider,et al.  Long-term distress after radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in prostate cancer: a longitudinal study from the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-4 randomized clinical trial. , 2013, European urology.

[1384]  R. Clements,et al.  Can serum prostate-specific antigen replace bone scintigraphy in the follow-up of metastatic prostatic cancer? , 1992, The British journal of radiology.

[1385]  G. Miller,et al.  Molecular genetics and epidemiology of prostate carcinoma. , 1999, Endocrine reviews.

[1386]  In-Hwan Oh,et al.  Operational characteristics of a 50 W DMFC stack , 2006 .

[1387]  John Anderson,et al.  The role of antiandrogen monotherapy in the treatment of prostate cancer , 2003, BJU international.

[1388]  F. Saad,et al.  A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of zoledronic acid in patients with hormone-refractory metastatic prostate carcinoma. , 2002, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[1389]  A. Coldman,et al.  Effects of androgen withdrawal on the stem cell composition of the Shionogi carcinoma. , 1990, Cancer research.

[1390]  P. Scardino,et al.  Distant metastasis after radical prostatectomy in patients without an elevated serum prostate specific antigen level , 1995, Cancer.

[1391]  H. Crowe,et al.  Differential response of prostate specific antigen to testosterone surge after luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analogue in prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia , 2000, BJU international.

[1392]  S. Heenan,et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer , 2004, Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases.

[1393]  J. Catto,et al.  Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging and prostate cancer metastases: a new gold standard of detection, but does it help us and at what cost? , 2012, European urology.

[1394]  D. Altman,et al.  The benefits and harms of breast cancer screening: an independent review , 2012, British Journal of Cancer.

[1395]  H. V. Van Poppel Neoadjuvant Hormone Therapy and Radical Prostatectomy: The Jury Is Still Out , 2000, European Urology.

[1396]  H. G. van der Poel,et al.  Best practices in robot-assisted radical prostatectomy: recommendations of the Pasadena Consensus Panel. , 2012, European Urology.

[1397]  P. Saylor,et al.  Metabolic complications of androgen deprivation therapy for prostate cancer. , 2009, The Journal of urology.

[1398]  W. Peeling,et al.  Phase III studies to compare goserelin (Zoladex) with orchiectomy and with diethylstilbestrol in treatment of prostatic carcinoma. , 1989, Urology.

[1399]  G. Chodak,et al.  Early detection and screening for prostatic cancer. , 1989, Urology.

[1400]  N. Lee,et al.  Which patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer need a radionuclide bone scan? An analysis based on 631 patients. , 2000, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1401]  L. Bégin,et al.  Role of repeated biopsy of the prostate in predicting disease progression in patients with prostate cancer on active surveillance , 2008, Cancer.

[1402]  Jelle O. Barentsz,et al.  Prostate cancer: comparison of local staging accuracy of pelvic phased-array coil alone versus integrated endorectal–pelvic phased-array coils , 2007, European Radiology.

[1403]  D. Patrick,et al.  Assessing health-related quality of life for clinical decision-making , 1993 .

[1404]  M. Wirth,et al.  Prostate-specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in the detection of early prostate cancer and in the prediction of regional lymph node metastases. , 1992, European urology.

[1405]  A. Renshaw,et al.  Pretreatment nomogram for prostate-specific antigen recurrence after radical prostatectomy or external-beam radiation therapy for clinically localized prostate cancer. , 1999, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1406]  G. Holl,et al.  Limitations of radioguided surgery in high-risk prostate cancer. , 2007, European urology.

[1407]  A. Kibel Phase III Postoperative Adjuvant Radiotherapy After Radical Prostatectomy Compared With Radical Prostatectomy Alone in pT3 Prostate Cancer With Postoperative Undetectable Prostate-Specific Antigen: ARO 96-02/AUO AP 09/95 , 2010 .

[1408]  G. Chodak,et al.  Routine screening for cancer of the prostate. , 1991, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[1409]  M. Soloway,et al.  Outcome after radical prostatectomy with a pretreatment prostate biopsy Gleason score of ≥8 , 2003, BJU international.

[1410]  J. Manola,et al.  Finasteride and flutamide therapy in patients with advanced prostate cancer: response to subsequent castration and long-term follow-up. , 2003, Urology.

[1411]  N. Dawson Treatment of progressive metastatic prostate cancer. , 1993, Oncology.

[1412]  Z. Petrovich,et al.  Results of Radical Prostatectomy and Adjuvant Therapy in the Management of Locally Advanced, Clinical Stage TC, Prostate Cancer , 1994, American journal of clinical oncology.

[1413]  M Bolla,et al.  EAU guidelines on prostate cancer. , 2001, European urology.

[1414]  S. Yen,et al.  Treatment of advanced cancer of prostate with megestrol acetate. , 1978, Urology.

[1415]  A. D'Amico,et al.  A systematic review of hypofractionation for primary management of prostate cancer. , 2015, European urology.

[1416]  I. Hsu,et al.  Salvage HDR brachytherapy for recurrent prostate cancer after previous definitive radiation therapy: 5-year outcomes. , 2013, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1417]  Hans Garmo,et al.  Radical prostatectomy or watchful waiting in early prostate cancer. , 2014, The New England journal of medicine.

[1418]  Wanzhu Tu,et al.  Cognitive Impairment: An Independent Predictor of Excess Mortality , 2011, Annals of Internal Medicine.

[1419]  Cesare Cozzarini,et al.  Impact of adjuvant radiotherapy on survival of patients with node-positive prostate cancer. , 2014, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1420]  P. O’Reilly,et al.  Periprostatic nerve block gives better analgesia for prostatic biopsy , 2002, BJU international.

[1421]  H. Lukka,et al.  Baseline staging of newly diagnosed prostate cancer: a summary of the literature. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[1422]  B. Tombal,et al.  Outcome predictors of radical prostatectomy in patients with prostate-specific antigen greater than 20 ng/ml: a European multi-institutional study of 712 patients. , 2010, European urology.

[1423]  P. Humphrey,et al.  Is prostate specific antigen of clinical importance in evaluating outcome after radical prostatectomy. , 1993, The Journal of urology.

[1424]  C. L. Cutajar,et al.  External irradiation with or without long-term androgen suppression for prostate cancer with high metastatic risk: 10-year results of an EORTC randomised study. , 2010, The Lancet. Oncology.

[1425]  L. Schwartz,et al.  Phase 1 trial of high-dose exogenous testosterone in patients with castration-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. , 2009, European urology.

[1426]  Chaya S Moskowitz,et al.  Multiparametric prostate MR imaging with T2-weighted, diffusion-weighted, and dynamic contrast-enhanced sequences: are all pulse sequences necessary to detect locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy? , 2013, Radiology.

[1427]  D. Rubello,et al.  The Optimal Timing to Perform 18F/11C-Choline PET/CT in Patients with Suspicion of Relapse of Prostate Cancer: Trigger PSA versus PSA Velocity and PSA Doubling Time , 2014, The International journal of biological markers.

[1428]  Heather Payne,et al.  Prostate-specific antigen: an evolving role in diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment evaluation in prostate cancer. , 2011, Urologic oncology.

[1429]  P. Scardino,et al.  The risk of dying of prostate cancer in patients with clinically localized disease. , 1991, The Journal of urology.

[1430]  D. Gillatt,et al.  High-dose intravenous estrogen therapy in advanced prostatic carcinoma. Use of serum prostate-specific antigen to monitor response. , 1989, Urology.

[1431]  L. Denis,et al.  Overview of phase III trials on combined androgen treatment in patients with metastatic prostate cancer , 1993, Cancer.

[1432]  C. Sheehan,et al.  Prognostic factors in prostate cancer. , 2003, American journal of clinical pathology.

[1433]  P. Stattin,et al.  Population based study of use and determinants of active surveillance and watchful waiting for low and intermediate risk prostate cancer. , 2013, The Journal of urology.

[1434]  G. Blackledge Clinical progress with a new antiandrogen, Casodex (bicalutamide). , 1996, European urology.

[1435]  J. Oesterling,et al.  Predicting radionuclide bone scan findings in patients with newly diagnosed, untreated prostate cancer: prostate specific antigen is superior to all other clinical parameters. , 1991, The Journal of urology.

[1436]  F. Fazio,et al.  Detection of lymph-node metastases with integrated [11C]choline PET/CT in patients with PSA failure after radical retropubic prostatectomy: results confirmed by open pelvic-retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy. , 2007, European urology.

[1437]  J. Jones,et al.  Primary cryoablation nadir prostate specific antigen and biochemical failure. , 2009, The Journal of urology.

[1438]  P. Arger,et al.  Detecting lymphatic metastases from prostatic carcinoma: superiority of CT. , 1981, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[1439]  T. Monga,et al.  Neuromuscular fatigue in prostate cancer patients undergoing radiation therapy. , 1997, Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation.

[1440]  S. Fosså,et al.  A national study of adverse effects and global quality of life among candidates for curative treatment for prostate cancer , 2013, BJU international.

[1441]  N. Lee,et al.  Which patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer need a computed tomography scan of the abdomen and pelvis? An analysis based on 588 patients. , 1999, Urology.

[1442]  R. Millikan,et al.  Phase II trial of alternating weekly chemohormonal therapy for patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. , 1997, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[1443]  Fred Saad,et al.  Intermittent androgen suppression for rising PSA level after radiotherapy. , 2012, The New England journal of medicine.

[1444]  A. Partin,et al.  Long-term biochemical disease-free and cancer-specific survival following anatomic radical retropubic prostatectomy. The 15-year Johns Hopkins experience. , 2001, The Urologic clinics of North America.

[1445]  P. Greer,et al.  Time to biochemical failure and prostate-specific antigen doubling time as surrogates for prostate cancer-specific mortality: evidence from the TROG 96.01 randomised controlled trial. , 2008, The Lancet. Oncology.

[1446]  H. Huland,et al.  Systematic biopsies and digital rectal examination to identify the nerve-sparing side for radical prostatectomy without risk of positive margin in patients with clinical stage T2, N0 prostatic carcinoma. , 1994, Urology.

[1447]  Hans Lilja,et al.  PSA doubling time predicts the outcome after active surveillance in screening-detected prostate cancer: results from the European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer, Sweden section. , 2007, International journal of cancer.

[1448]  F. Saad,et al.  Effect of MDV3100, an androgen receptor signaling inhibitor (ARSI), on overall survival in patients with prostate cancer postdocetaxel: Results from the phase III AFFIRM study. , 2012, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1449]  H. Ahmed,et al.  The feasibility and safety of high‐intensity focused ultrasound as salvage therapy for recurrent prostate cancer following external beam radiotherapy , 2008, BJU international.

[1450]  W. Catalona,et al.  Measurement of prostate-specific antigen in serum as a screening test for prostate cancer. , 1991, The New England journal of medicine.

[1451]  P. Boyle,et al.  Cancer of the prostate: epidemiology and aetiology. , 1987, British journal of urology.

[1452]  A. Heidenreich,et al.  Extended pelvic lymphadenectomy in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy: high incidence of lymph node metastasis. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[1453]  D Jacqmin,et al.  Lymph node metastases: safety and effectiveness of MR imaging with ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles--initial clinical experience. , 1998, Radiology.

[1454]  J Alfred Witjes,et al.  Staging prostate cancer with dynamic contrast-enhanced endorectal MR imaging prior to radical prostatectomy: experienced versus less experienced readers. , 2005, Radiology.

[1455]  D. Bostwick,et al.  Correlation of pretherapy prostate cancer characteristics with histologic findings from pelvic lymphadenectomy specimens. , 1996, International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics.

[1456]  M. Roethke,et al.  Evaluation of the ESUR PI-RADS scoring system for multiparametric MRI of the prostate with targeted MR/TRUS fusion-guided biopsy at 3.0 Tesla , 2014, European Radiology.

[1457]  G. Bubley,et al.  High dose bicalutamide for androgen independent prostate cancer: effect of prior hormonal therapy. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[1458]  T. H. van der Kwast,et al.  Identification of patients with prostate cancer who benefit from immediate postoperative radiotherapy: EORTC 22911. , 2007, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1459]  P. Carroll,et al.  Sextant prostate biopsies predict side and sextant site of extracapsular extension of prostate cancer. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[1460]  D. Trump,et al.  Importance of continued testicular suppression in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. , 1993, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1461]  Antoinette M Stroup,et al.  NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology: prostate cancer early detection. , 2010, Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network : JNCCN.

[1462]  H. Bartsch,et al.  International Agency for Research on Cancer. , 1969, WHO chronicle.

[1463]  Sanz,et al.  Positron emission tomography with 18fluorine‐labelled deoxyglucose: utility in localized and advanced prostate cancer , 1999, BJU international.

[1464]  B. Seifert,et al.  Clinical impact of 18F-choline PET/CT in patients with recurrent prostate cancer , 2012, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[1465]  H. Scher,et al.  Antitumor activity of MDV3100 in a phase I/II study of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). , 2009, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1466]  B. Ozturk,et al.  Effect of periprostatic nerve blockade before transrectal ultrasound‐guided prostate biopsy on patient comfort: A randomized placebo controlled study , 2004, International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association.

[1467]  F. Chinegwundoh,et al.  Stilboestrol plus adrenal suppression as salvage treatment for patients failing treatment with luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone analogues and orchidectomy , 2000, BJU international.

[1468]  A. Zietman,et al.  Bicalutamide monotherapy versus leuprolide monotherapy for prostate cancer: effects on bone mineral density and body composition. , 2004, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1469]  A. D'Amico,et al.  Patient and treatment factors associated with complications after prostate brachytherapy. , 2006, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1470]  Roberto Passariello,et al.  Role of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging and proton MR spectroscopic imaging in the detection of local recurrence after radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer. , 2008, European urology.

[1471]  A. Partin,et al.  Cancer control and quality of life following anatomical radical retropubic prostatectomy: results at 10 years. , 1994, The Journal of urology.

[1472]  M. Cooperberg,et al.  Novel tools to improve patient selection and monitoring on active surveillance for low-risk prostate cancer: a systematic review. , 2014, European urology.

[1473]  G. Onik,et al.  Transperineal 3D mapping biopsy of the prostate: an essential tool in selecting patients for focal prostate cancer therapy. , 2008, Urologic oncology.

[1474]  D. Portalez,et al.  Prospective comparison of T2w-MRI and dynamic-contrast-enhanced MRI, 3D-MR spectroscopic imaging or diffusion-weighted MRI in repeat TRUS-guided biopsies , 2010, European Radiology.

[1475]  B. Moskovitz,et al.  Cancer of the prostate: is there a need for aggressive treatment? , 1987, Urologia internationalis.

[1476]  T. Wiegel,et al.  Dose Escalation for Patients with Decreasing PSA during Radiotherapy for Elevated PSA after Radical Prostatectomy Improves Biochemical Progression-Free Survival , 2011, Strahlentherapie und Onkologie.

[1477]  P. Iversen,et al.  Is there a role for antiandrogen monotherapy in patients with metastatic prostate cancer? , 2001, Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases.

[1478]  H. Hricak,et al.  Clinical stage T1c prostate cancer: evaluation with endorectal MR imaging and MR spectroscopic imaging. , 2009, Radiology.

[1479]  G. Jakse,et al.  Prostate-specific antigen as a marker of bone metastasis in patients with prostate cancer. , 1996, Urologia internationalis.

[1480]  J. Gingell,et al.  A prospective, randomised study to compare goserelin acetate (Zoladex) versus cyproterone acetate (Cyprostat) versus a combination of the two in the treatment of metastatic prostatic carcinoma. , 1996, European urology.

[1481]  M. Cooperberg,et al.  UC San Francisco UC San Francisco Previously Published Works Title Active surveillance for prostate cancer : Progress and promise , 2011 .

[1482]  A. E. Friedman Re: Kim N. Chi, Anders Bjartell, David Dearnaley, et al. Castration-resistant prostate cancer: from new pathophysiology to new treatment targets. Eur Urol 2009;56:594-605. , 2010, European urology.

[1483]  M. Anscher,et al.  Adjuvant radiotherapy for pathologic stage T3/4 adenocarcinoma of the prostate: ten-year update. , 1995, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1484]  L. Collette,et al.  Immediate or deferred androgen deprivation for patients with prostate cancer not suitable for local treatment with curative intent: European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Trial 30891. , 2006, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1485]  R. Khauli,et al.  Periprostatic infiltration with local anesthesia during transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy is safe, simple, and effective: a pilot study. , 2002, Clinical imaging.

[1486]  J. Montie,et al.  The bicalutamide 150 mg early prostate cancer program: findings of the North American trial at 7.7-year median followup. , 2006, The Journal of urology.

[1487]  M. Soloway,et al.  Is there a role for digital rectal examination in the followup of patients after radical prostatectomy? , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[1488]  M. Colombel,et al.  Clinical Results of the Prostate HIFU Project , 2006 .

[1489]  C. Huggins,et al.  STUDIES ON PROSTATIC CANCER: II. THE EFFECTS OF CASTRATION ON ADVANCED CARCINOMA OF THE PROSTATE GLAND , 1941 .

[1490]  R. DiPaola,et al.  Impact on overall survival (OS) with chemohormonal therapy versus hormonal therapy for hormone-sensitive newly metastatic prostate cancer (mPrCa): An ECOG-led phase III randomized trial. , 2014, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1491]  J. Machiels,et al.  Prednisone plus cabazitaxel or mitoxantrone for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel treatment: a randomised open-label trial , 2010, The Lancet.

[1492]  P. Walsh Physiologic basis for hormonal theapy in carcinoma of the prostate. , 1975, The Urologic clinics of North America.

[1493]  J. Oesterling,et al.  The Relationship Between Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia and Prostate Cancer: Critical Issues , 1997 .

[1494]  M. Rubin,et al.  Perineural invasion on prostate needle biopsy: an independent predictor of final pathologic stage. , 1999, Urology.

[1495]  A. Ravaud,et al.  A phase III trial of docetaxel-estramustine in high-risk localised prostate cancer: a planned analysis of response, toxicity and quality of life in the GETUG 12 trial. , 2012, European journal of cancer.

[1496]  P. Esposti,et al.  Complications of transrectal aspiration biopsy of the prostate. , 1975, Scandinavian journal of urology and nephrology.

[1497]  J. Fütterer,et al.  ESUR prostate MR guidelines 2012 , 2012, European Radiology.

[1498]  G. Pond,et al.  Treatment of Hormone-Refractory Prostate Cancer with Docetaxel or Mitoxantrone: Relationships between Prostate-Specific Antigen, Pain, and Quality of Life Response and Survival in the TAX-327 Study , 2008, Clinical Cancer Research.

[1499]  Dogu Teber,et al.  Laparoscopic versus open radical prostatectomy: a comparative study at a single institution. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[1500]  D. Piers,et al.  Routine bone scans in patients with prostate cancer related to serum prostate‐specific antigen and alkaline phosphatase , 2001, BJU international.

[1501]  R. Newton,et al.  Combined resistance and aerobic exercise program reverses muscle loss in men undergoing androgen suppression therapy for prostate cancer without bone metastases: a randomized controlled trial. , 2010, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1502]  克也 平山,et al.  A prospective randomized trial , 1995 .

[1503]  A. D'Amico,et al.  Prostate specific antigen doubling time as a surrogate end point for prostate cancer specific mortality following radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[1504]  A L Baert,et al.  Lymph node staging of localized prostatic carcinoma with CT and CT-guided fine-needle aspiration biopsy: prospective study of 285 patients. , 1994, Radiology.

[1505]  D. Altshuler,et al.  The multiethnic cohort study: exploring genes, lifestyle and cancer risk , 2004, Nature Reviews Cancer.

[1506]  Martin G Sanda,et al.  Measuring health-related quality of life consequences from primary treatment for early-stage prostate cancer. , 2008, Seminars in radiation oncology.

[1507]  L. Collette,et al.  Postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy for high-risk prostate cancer: long-term results of a randomised controlled trial (EORTC trial 22911) , 2012, The Lancet.

[1508]  C. Dinney,et al.  The efficacy and complications of salvage cryotherapy of the prostate. , 1997, The Journal of urology.

[1509]  E. Steyerberg,et al.  Do anxiety and distress increase during active surveillance for low risk prostate cancer? , 2010, The Journal of urology.

[1510]  M. Soloway,et al.  Antiandrogenic agents as monotherapy in advanced prostatic carcinoma , 1993, Cancer.

[1511]  Markus Graefen,et al.  Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting oncologic outcome after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. , 2012, European urology.

[1512]  D. Bostwick,et al.  PSA-detected (clinical stage T1c or B0) prostate cancer. Pathologically significant tumors. , 1993, The Urologic clinics of North America.

[1513]  D. Dearnaley,et al.  Broadening the criteria for avoiding staging bone scans in prostate cancer: a retrospective study of patients at the Royal Marsden Hospital , 2003, BJU international.

[1514]  A. Sciarra,et al.  Etoricoxib and intermittent androgen deprivation therapy in patients with biochemical progression after radical prostatectomy. , 2008, Urology.

[1515]  M. Esposito,et al.  Urinary and sexual outcomes in long-term (5+ years) prostate cancer disease free survivors after radical prostatectomy , 2009, Health and quality of life outcomes.

[1516]  S. Fosså,et al.  Endocrine treatment, with or without radiotherapy, in locally advanced prostate cancer (SPCG-7/SFUO-3): an open randomised phase III trial , 2009, The Lancet.

[1517]  D. Wood,et al.  Randomized Prospective Study Comparing Radical Prostatectomy Alone Versus Radical Prostatectomy Preceded by Androgen Blockage in Clinical Stage B2 (T2bNxM0) Prostate Cancer , 1995 .

[1518]  C. Kwak,et al.  Prostate specific antigen half-time and prostate specific antigen doubling time as predictors of response to androgen deprivation therapy for metastatic prostate cancer. , 2009, The Journal of urology.

[1519]  P. Maingon,et al.  The GETUG 70 Gy vs. 80 Gy randomized trial for localized prostate cancer: feasibility and acute toxicity. , 2004, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1520]  E. Barret,et al.  Extraperitoneal laparoscopic radical prostatectomy: a prospective evaluation of 600 cases. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[1521]  B. G. Blijenberg,et al.  Screening for prostate cancer: results of the Rotterdam section of the European randomized study of screening for prostate cancer. , 2013, European urology.

[1522]  E. Crawford,et al.  Advanced prostate cancer , 1999, Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases.

[1523]  A. D'Amico,et al.  Androgen deprivation therapy for localized prostate cancer and the risk of cardiovascular mortality. , 2007, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[1524]  A. D'Amico,et al.  Influence of androgen deprivation therapy on all-cause mortality in men with high-risk prostate cancer and a history of congestive heart failure or myocardial infarction. , 2012, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1525]  P. Fransson Fatigue in prostate cancer patients treated with external beam radiotherapy: a prospective 5-year long-term patient-reported evaluation. , 2010, Journal of cancer research and therapeutics.

[1526]  James D. Cox,et al.  Consensus statement: Guidelines for PSA following radiation therapy , 1997 .

[1527]  Adalsteinn D. Brown,et al.  Cost-effectiveness of androgen suppression therapies in advanced prostate cancer. , 2000, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[1528]  J. Oesterling,et al.  The use of prostate-specific antigen in staging patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer. , 1993, JAMA.

[1529]  Victor Reuter,et al.  A preoperative nomogram identifying decreased risk of positive pelvic lymph nodes in patients with prostate cancer. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[1530]  J. Epstein,et al.  The significance of low‐grade prostate cancer on needle biopsy. A radical prostatectomy study of tumor grade, volume, and stage of the biopsied and multifocal tumor , 1990, Cancer.

[1531]  M. Zelefsky Postoperative radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: A randomised controlled trial (EORTC trial 22911) , 2006 .

[1532]  F. Saad,et al.  Denosumab and bone-metastasis-free survival in men with castration-resistant prostate cancer: results of a phase 3, randomised, placebo-controlled trial , 2012, The Lancet.

[1533]  E. Messing,et al.  Adjuvant radiotherapy for pathological T3N0M0 prostate cancer significantly reduces risk of metastases and improves survival: long-term followup of a randomized clinical trial. , 2009, The Journal of urology.

[1534]  D. Bostwick,et al.  Risk of prostate carcinoma death in patients with lymph node metastasis , 2001, Cancer.

[1535]  G. Kolvenbag,et al.  Bicalutamide dosages used in the treatment of prostate cancer , 1999, The Prostate.

[1536]  F. Mostofi,et al.  Elevated levels of apoptosis regulator proteins p53 and bcl-2 are independent prognostic biomarkers in surgically treated clinically localized prostate cancer. , 1996, The Journal of urology.

[1537]  M. Kattan,et al.  Management of prostate‐specific antigen relapse in prostate cancer: A European consensus , 2004, International journal of clinical practice.

[1538]  Alan W Partin,et al.  Clinical utility of indium 111‐capromab pendetide immunoscintigraphy in the detection of early, recurrent prostate carcinoma after radical prostatectomy , 2002, Cancer.

[1539]  J. Epstein,et al.  High-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia with adjacent small atypical glands on prostate biopsy. , 2001, Human pathology.

[1540]  S R J Bott,et al.  Management of recurrent disease after radical prostatectomy , 2004, Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases.

[1541]  E. Riboli,et al.  Insulin-like growth factor-I concentration and risk of prostate cancer: results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. , 2012, Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology.

[1542]  M. Kattan,et al.  Algorithms for prostate-specific antigen recurrence after treatment of localized prostate cancer. , 2003, Clinical prostate cancer.

[1543]  M. Kattan,et al.  Correlation of proton MR spectroscopic imaging with gleason score based on step-section pathologic analysis after radical prostatectomy. , 2005, Radiology.

[1544]  J. Platt,et al.  The accuracy of CT in the staging of carcinoma of the prostate. , 1987, AJR. American journal of roentgenology.

[1545]  Prognostic impact of transurethral resection on patients irradiated for localized prostate cancer. , 1995, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[1546]  J. Berlin,et al.  Thromboembolic events with estramustine phosphate‐based chemotherapy in patients with hormone‐refractory prostate carcinoma , 2004, Cancer.

[1547]  A. Shabsigh,et al.  Cryoablation for clinically localized prostate cancer using an argon‐based system: complication rates and biochemical recurrence , 2000, BJU international.

[1548]  F. Saad,et al.  Bone-modifying agents in the treatment of bone metastases in patients with advanced genitourinary malignancies: a focus on zoledronic acid , 2012, Therapeutic advances in urology.

[1549]  Thomas Hambrock,et al.  Transition zone prostate cancer: detection and localization with 3-T multiparametric MR imaging. , 2013, Radiology.

[1550]  W. Catalona,et al.  Salvage radiation therapy for prostate specific antigen progression following radical prostatectomy: 10-year outcome estimates. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[1551]  J. Fowler,et al.  The radiobiology of prostate cancer including new aspects of fractionated radiotherapy , 2005, Acta oncologica.

[1552]  T. D. de Reijke,et al.  Prostate cancer: ESMO Clinical Practice Guidelines for diagnosis, treatment and follow-up. , 2010, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[1553]  T. Kneib,et al.  Sentinel lymph node dissection in more than 1200 prostate cancer cases: Rate and prediction of lymph node involvement depending on preoperative tumor characteristics , 2014, International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association.

[1554]  A. Sciarra,et al.  A novel therapeutic option for castration-resistant prostate cancer: after or before chemotherapy? , 2014, European urology.

[1555]  F. Saad,et al.  Updated interim efficacy analysis and long-term safety of abiraterone acetate in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients without prior chemotherapy (COU-AA-302). , 2014, European urology.

[1556]  E. Perez,et al.  Pilot evaluation of venlafaxine for the treatment of hot flashes in men undergoing androgen ablation therapy for prostate cancer. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[1557]  W. Catalona,et al.  Quality‐of‐life outcomes for men with prostate carcinoma detected by screening , 2000, Cancer.

[1558]  T. Guthrie,et al.  Prostate cancer. , 2020, American family physician.

[1559]  D. Osoba Self-rating symptom checklists: a simple method for recording and evaluating symptom control in oncology. , 1993, Cancer treatment reviews.

[1560]  F. Montorsi,et al.  Early salvage radiation therapy does not compromise cancer control in patients with pT3N0 prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy: results of a match-controlled multi-institutional analysis. , 2012, European urology.

[1561]  I. Thompson,et al.  Ten-year survival in patients with metastatic prostate cancer. , 2003, Clinical prostate cancer.

[1562]  A. Dobs,et al.  Hyperglycemia and insulin resistance in men with prostate carcinoma who receive androgen‐deprivation therapy , 2006, Cancer.

[1563]  J. Morote,et al.  Use of Percent Free Prostate–Specific Antigen as a Predictor of the Pathological Features of Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer , 2000, European Urology.

[1564]  T. Golub,et al.  Increased expression of genes converting adrenal androgens to testosterone in androgen-independent prostate cancer. , 2006, Cancer research.

[1565]  U. Patel,et al.  The diagnostic value of colour Doppler flow in the peripheral zone of the prostate, with histological correlation. , 1994, British journal of urology.

[1566]  Y Lasne,et al.  Local control of prostate cancer by transrectal high intensity focused ultrasound therapy: preliminary results. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[1567]  J. Eastham,et al.  Randomized controlled trial of zoledronic acid to prevent bone loss in men receiving androgen deprivation therapy for nonmetastatic prostate cancer. , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[1568]  Sang Eun Lee,et al.  Prognostic significance of the nadir prostate specific antigen level after hormone therapy for prostate cancer. , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[1569]  M. Graefen,et al.  Intraoperative and perioperative morbidity of contemporary radical retropubic prostatectomy in a consecutive series of 1243 patients: results of a single center between 1999 and 2002. , 2003, European urology.

[1570]  P. Walsh,et al.  Surgery and the reduction of mortality from prostate cancer. , 2002, The New England journal of medicine.

[1571]  P. Waldenberger,et al.  Imaging of bone metastases in prostate cancer: an update. , 2012, The Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[1572]  P. Scardino,et al.  Morbidity and functional outcomes of salvage radical prostatectomy for locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[1573]  I. Eardley,et al.  Prostate specific antigen and bone scan correlation in the staging and monitoring of patients with prostatic cancer. , 1992, British journal of urology.

[1574]  O. Nordle,et al.  Immediate estrogen or estramustine phosphate therapy versus deferred endocrine treatment in nonmetastatic prostate cancer: a randomized multicenter study with 15 years of followup. The South Sweden Prostate Cancer Study Group. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[1575]  R Mohan,et al.  The biological basis and clinical application of three-dimensional conformal external beam radiation therapy in carcinoma of the prostate. , 1994, Seminars in oncology.

[1576]  J. Lam,et al.  PSA response to finasteride challenge in men with a serum PSA greater than 4 ng/ml and previous negative prostate biopsy: preliminary study. , 2002, Urology.

[1577]  V. Ambrosini,et al.  11C-Choline PET/CT in patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer showing biochemical relapse after radical prostatectomy , 2012, European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging.

[1578]  P. Carroll,et al.  Radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy: treatment outcomes and failure patterns. , 1999, Urology.

[1579]  P. Maingon,et al.  70 Gy versus 80 Gy in localized prostate cancer: 5-year results of GETUG 06 randomized trial. , 2011, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1580]  B. Donnelly,et al.  Quality of life and sexuality of men with prostate cancer 3 years after cryosurgery. , 2002, Urology.

[1581]  Galin L. Jones,et al.  Needle core length in sextant biopsy influences prostate cancer detection rate. , 2002, Urology.

[1582]  F. Burkhard,et al.  Is a limited lymph node dissection an adequate staging procedure for prostate cancer? , 2002, The Journal of urology.

[1583]  J. Ciezki,et al.  Prophylactic tamsulosin (Flomax) in patients undergoing prostate 125I brachytherapy for prostate carcinoma: final report of a double-blind placebo-controlled randomized study. , 2005, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1584]  Ronald C. Chen,et al.  Intensity-modulated radiation therapy, proton therapy, or conformal radiation therapy and morbidity and disease control in localized prostate cancer. , 2012, JAMA.

[1585]  Hartwig Huland,et al.  Frozen section for the management of intraoperatively detected palpable tumor lesions during nerve-sparing scheduled radical prostatectomy. , 2006, European urology.

[1586]  F. Debruyne,et al.  Preliminary results of a prospective randomized study comparing radical prostatectomy versus radical prostatectomy associated with neoadjuvant hormonal combination therapy in T2-3 N0 M0 prostatic carcinoma. The European Study Group on Neoadjuvant Treatment of Prostate Cancer. , 1997, Urology.

[1587]  H. Ahmed,et al.  Prostate Cancer Tumour Features on Template Prostate-mapping Biopsies: Implications for Focal Therapy☆ , 2014, European urology.

[1588]  A. Schned,et al.  Staging of prostate cancer with endorectal MR imaging: lessons from a learning curve. , 1995, Radiographics : a review publication of the Radiological Society of North America, Inc.

[1589]  M. Parmar,et al.  Defining the need for local therapy in locally advanced prostate cancer: an appraisal of the MRC PR07 study. , 2005, Clinical oncology (Royal College of Radiologists (Great Britain)).

[1590]  N. Willich,et al.  Phase III postoperative adjuvant radiotherapy after radical prostatectomy compared with radical prostatectomy alone in pT3 prostate cancer with postoperative undetectable prostate-specific antigen: ARO 96-02/AUO AP 09/95. , 2009, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1591]  S. Joniau,et al.  An analysis of radical prostatectomy in advanced stage and high-grade prostate cancer. , 2008, European urology.

[1592]  T. Diamond,et al.  The effect of combined androgen blockade on bone turnover and bone mineral densities in men treated for prostate carcinoma , 1998, Cancer.

[1593]  J. Hugosson,et al.  Prostate cancer mortality in patients surviving more than 10 years after diagnosis. , 1995, The Journal of urology.

[1594]  P. Kantoff,et al.  Overall survival (OS) analysis of a phase II randomized controlled trial (RCT) of a poxviral-based PSA targeted immunotherapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). , 2009, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1595]  D. Siders,et al.  Transrectal ultrasound in the diagnosis and staging of prostatic carcinoma. , 1989, Radiology.

[1596]  Issam El Naqa,et al.  Development of RTOG consensus guidelines for the definition of the clinical target volume for postoperative conformal radiation therapy for prostate cancer. , 2010, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1597]  M Mazumdar,et al.  Clinical trials in relapsed prostate cancer: defining the target. , 1996, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[1598]  P. Karakiewicz,et al.  25-year prostate cancer control and survival outcomes: a 40-year radical prostatectomy single institution series. , 2006, The Journal of urology.

[1599]  A. Ayala,et al.  Megestrol acetate for treatment of advanced carcinoma of the prostate , 1975, Journal of surgical oncology.

[1600]  I. Thompson,et al.  Observation alone in the management of localized prostate cancer: the natural history of untreated disease. , 1994, Urology.

[1601]  H. Sandler,et al.  Cardiovascular mortality and duration of androgen deprivation for locally advanced prostate cancer: analysis of RTOG 92-02. , 2008, European urology.

[1602]  J. Grygiel,et al.  Oral cyclophosphamide for the management of hormone-refractory prostate cancer. , 1993, British journal of urology.

[1603]  M. Gallucci,et al.  Salvage radical prostatectomy for recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy , 2009, International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association.

[1604]  S. Loening,et al.  Complications, urinary continence, and oncologic outcome of 1000 laparoscopic transperitoneal radical prostatectomies-experience at the Charité Hospital Berlin, Campus Mitte. , 2006, European urology.

[1605]  P. Schellhammer Contemporary expectant therapy series: A viewpoint , 1994 .

[1606]  R. Thisted,et al.  Results of conservative management of clinically localized prostate cancer. , 1994, The New England journal of medicine.

[1607]  J. Oesterling,et al.  Prostate specific antigen: a decade of discovery--what we have learned and where we are going. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[1608]  C. Tangen,et al.  Bone mineral density in patients with prostate cancer without bone metastases treated with intermittent androgen suppression. , 2004, Urology.

[1609]  J. Lorente,et al.  Clinical efficacy of bone alkaline phosphatase and prostate specific antigen in the diagnosis of bone metastasis in prostate cancer. , 1996, The Journal of urology.

[1610]  J. Stanford,et al.  Long-term functional outcomes after treatment for localized prostate cancer. , 2013, The New England journal of medicine.

[1611]  S. Shariat,et al.  Transperineal radiofrequency interstitial tumor ablation of the prostate: correlation of magnetic resonance imaging with histopathologic examination. , 1997, Urology.

[1612]  A. Vickers,et al.  Influence of blood prostate specific antigen levels at age 60 on benefits and harms of prostate cancer screening: population based cohort study , 2014, BMJ : British Medical Journal.

[1613]  M. Zelefsky,et al.  The effects of local and regional treatment on the metastatic outcome in prostatic carcinoma with pelvic lymph node involvement. , 1994, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1614]  U. Norming,et al.  Diagnostic methods in the detection of prostate cancer: a study of a randomly selected population of 2,400 men. , 1992, The Journal of urology.

[1615]  R L Vessella,et al.  Prostatic specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase in the monitoring and staging of patients with prostatic cancer. , 1987, The Journal of urology.

[1616]  T. D. de Reijke,et al.  Long-term efficacy and safety of nilutamide plus castration in advanced prostate cancer, and the significance of early prostate specific antigen normalization. International Anandron Study Group. , 1997, The Journal of urology.

[1617]  F. Schröder,et al.  Radical prostatectomy as a monotherapy for locally advanced (stage T3) prostate cancer. , 1994, The Journal of urology.

[1618]  S. Mathoulin-Pélissier,et al.  Validation of the G8 screening tool in geriatric oncology: The ONCODAGE project. , 2011, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1619]  Marco Zaider,et al.  Combined brachytherapy with external beam radiotherapy for localized prostate cancer: reduced morbidity with an intraoperative brachytherapy planning technique and supplemental intensity-modulated radiation therapy. , 2008, Brachytherapy.

[1620]  T. Scheenen,et al.  Prostate cancer: local staging at 3-T endorectal MR imaging--early experience. , 2006, Radiology.

[1621]  H. Frierson,et al.  p53, bcl-2 and retinoblastoma proteins as long-term prognostic markers in localized carcinoma of the prostate. , 1997, The Journal of urology.

[1622]  Michael W Kattan,et al.  Prostate cancer: incremental value of endorectal MR imaging findings for prediction of extracapsular extension. , 2004, Radiology.

[1623]  F. Fazio,et al.  Long-term follow-up of patients with prostate cancer and nodal metastases treated by pelvic lymphadenectomy and radical prostatectomy: the positive impact of adjuvant radiotherapy. , 2009, European urology.

[1624]  B. Tombal,et al.  Impact of cabazitaxel on 2-year survival and palliation of tumour-related pain in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer treated in the TROPIC trial , 2013, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[1625]  C. Bangma,et al.  Digital rectal examination is no longer necessary in the routine follow-up of men with undetectable prostate specific antigen after radical prostatectomy: the implications for follow-up. , 2005, European urology.

[1626]  H. G. van der Poel,et al.  Systematic review and meta-analysis of studies reporting potency rates after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. , 2012, European urology.

[1627]  J. Keillor,et al.  The response of poorly differentiated prostatic tumors to staining for prostate specific antigen and prostatic acid phosphatase: a comparative study. , 1987, The Journal of urology.

[1628]  C. Brendler,et al.  An analysis of watchful waiting for clinically localized prostate cancer. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[1629]  Richard Sullivan,et al.  Economic burden of cancer across the European Union: a population-based cost analysis. , 2013, The Lancet. Oncology.

[1630]  T. Wilt,et al.  Maximal androgen blockade for advanced prostate cancer. , 1999, The Cochrane database of systematic reviews.

[1631]  H. Zacho,et al.  Prospective Multicenter Study of Bone Scintigraphy in Consecutive Patients With Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer , 2014, Clinical nuclear medicine.

[1632]  A. Aksenov,et al.  Sensitivity and specificity of PET/CT regarding the detection of lymph node metastases in prostate cancer recurrence , 2014, SpringerPlus.

[1633]  Goldenberg,et al.  Clinical Experience with Intermittent Androgen Suppression in Prostate Cancer: Minimum of 3 Years' Follow-Up. , 1999, Molecular urology.

[1634]  M. Costantini,et al.  Monotherapy with nilutamide, a pure nonsteroidal antiandrogen, in untreated patients with metastatic carcinoma of the prostate. The Italian Prostatic Cancer Project. , 1991, The Journal of urology.

[1635]  M. Litwin,et al.  Life after radical prostatectomy: a longitudinal study. , 2001, The Journal of urology.

[1636]  T. Pugh,et al.  Magnetic resonance imaging-based treatment planning for prostate brachytherapy. , 2013, Brachytherapy.

[1637]  J. Trachtenberg,et al.  Ketoconazole: a novel and rapid treatment for advanced prostatic cancer. , 1983, The Journal of urology.

[1638]  J. Johansson,et al.  Deferred treatment in localized prostatic cancer. , 1991, Acta oncologica.

[1639]  K. Hastie,et al.  Subcapsular orchiectomy under local anaesthesia. Technique, results and implications. , 1988, British journal of urology.

[1640]  S. Fanti,et al.  11C-choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography for tumor localization of primary prostate cancer in comparison with 12-core biopsy. , 2006, The Journal of urology.

[1641]  I Syndikus,et al.  Alpha emitter radium-223 and survival in metastatic prostate cancer. , 2013, The New England journal of medicine.

[1642]  L. Klotz Active surveillance for favorable-risk prostate cancer: who, how and why? , 2007, Nature Clinical Practice Oncology.

[1643]  M. Extermann,et al.  Measuring comorbidity in older cancer patients. , 2000, European journal of cancer.

[1644]  M. Gleave,et al.  Serum prostate specific antigen levels in mice bearing human prostate LNCaP tumors are determined by tumor volume and endocrine and growth factors. , 1992, Cancer research.

[1645]  R. Persad,et al.  Cryosurgery for prostate cancer , 2004, BJU international.

[1646]  I. Tomašković,et al.  Serum tPSA, cPSA, related density parameters and chromogranin A as predictors of positive margins after radical prostatectomy. , 2007, Anticancer research.

[1647]  N. James,et al.  Safety and efficacy of the specific endothelin-A receptor antagonist ZD4054 in patients with hormone-resistant prostate cancer and bone metastases who were pain free or mildly symptomatic: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised, phase 2 trial. , 2009, European urology.

[1648]  P. Rigatti,et al.  Bicalutamide monotherapy versus flutamide plus goserelin in prostate cancer: updated results of a multicentric trial. , 2002, European urology.

[1649]  M. Morrow,et al.  Results of hospital cancer registry surveys by the American College of Surgeons , 1997, Cancer.

[1650]  O. Halvorsen,et al.  MRI with an endorectal coil for staging of clinically localised prostate cancer prior to radical prostatectomy , 1999, European Radiology.

[1651]  M. Cooperberg,et al.  Meaningful end points and outcomes in men on active surveillance for early-stage prostate cancer , 2014, Current opinion in urology.

[1652]  R. Passariello,et al.  Use of multiparametric MR with neurovascular bundle evaluation to optimize the oncological and functional management of patients considered for nerve-sparing radical prostatectomy. , 2012, The journal of sexual medicine.

[1653]  J. Emmett,et al.  Endocrine therapy in carcinoma of the prostate gland: 10-year survival studies. , 1960, Transactions of the American Association of Genito-Urinary Surgeons.

[1654]  P. Scardino,et al.  Cancer control and functional outcomes of salvage radical prostatectomy for radiation-recurrent prostate cancer: a systematic review of the literature. , 2012, European urology.

[1655]  S. Freedland,et al.  Role of androgen deprivation therapy for node-positive prostate cancer. , 2009, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1656]  P. Scardino,et al.  Improved toxicity profile following high-dose postprostatectomy salvage radiation therapy with intensity-modulated radiation therapy. , 2011, European urology.

[1657]  D. Grignon,et al.  High grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) and prostatic adenocarcinoma between the ages of 20-69: an autopsy study of 249 cases. , 1994, In vivo.

[1658]  P. Gontero*,et al.  Nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy: techniques and clinical considerations , 2005, Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases.

[1659]  H. Rübben,et al.  Probleme, Zielsetzung und Inhalt der Früherkennung beim Prostatakarzinom , 2010, Der Urologe.

[1660]  Tetsutaro Hayashi,et al.  Transrectal high‐intensity focused ultrasound for treatment of localized prostate cancer , 2011, International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association.

[1661]  J. Epstein,et al.  Prostate needle biopsies containing prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia or atypical foci suspicious for carcinoma: implications for patient care. , 2006, The Journal of urology.

[1662]  G H Hinkle,et al.  Multicenter radioimmunoscintigraphic evaluation of patients with prostate carcinoma using indium‐111 capromab pendetide , 1998, Cancer.

[1663]  L. Holmberg,et al.  High 10-year survival rate in patients with early, untreated prostatic cancer. , 1992, JAMA.

[1664]  B. Tombal,et al.  Is there a prostate‐specific antigen upper limit for radical prostatectomy? , 2011, BJU international.

[1665]  Tumour suppressor genes in prostate cancer. , 1997, Seminars in cancer biology.

[1666]  Howard Pai,et al.  Population‐based 10‐year oncologic outcomes after low‐dose‐rate brachytherapy for low‐risk and intermediate‐risk prostate cancer , 2013, Cancer.

[1667]  J. Adolfsson,et al.  Deferred treatment of locally advanced nonmetastatic prostate cancer: a long-term followup. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[1668]  V. Laudone,et al.  Pilot study of salvage laparoscopic prostatectomy for the treatment of recurrent prostate cancer , 2011, BJU international.

[1669]  H. Scher,et al.  Prospective evaluation of hydrocortisone and suramin in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. , 1995, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1670]  M P Lawton,et al.  Validation of the Cumulative Illness Rating Scale in a Geriatric Residential Population , 1995, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.

[1671]  S. Steinberg,et al.  Surprising activity of flutamide withdrawal, when combined with aminoglutethimide, in treatment of "hormone-refractory" prostate cancer. , 1994, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[1672]  Lawrence H. Schwartz,et al.  Incremental value of diffusion weighted and dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in the detection of locally recurrent prostate cancer after radiation treatment: preliminary results , 2011, European Radiology.

[1673]  R. Lundgren Flutamide as primary treatment for metastatic prostatic cancer. , 1987, British journal of urology.

[1674]  F. Fazio,et al.  11C-choline positron emission tomography/computerized tomography for preoperative lymph-node staging in intermediate-risk and high-risk prostate cancer: comparison with clinical staging nomograms. , 2008, European urology.

[1675]  T. Wiegel,et al.  Salvage radiotherapy after prostatectomy - what is the best time to treat? , 2012, Radiotherapy and oncology : journal of the European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology.

[1676]  A. Jacobson Association of prostate-specific antigen levels and patterns of benign and malignant uptake detected on bone scintigraphy in patients with newly diagnosed prostate carcinoma , 2000, Nuclear medicine communications.

[1677]  E. Klein,et al.  Periprostatic local anesthesia eliminates pain of office-based transrectal prostate biopsy , 2003, Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases.

[1678]  J. Warren,et al.  Radical prostatectomy: does higher volume lead to better quality? , 1999, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[1679]  F. Saad,et al.  A phase 3 randomized controlled trial of the efficacy and safety of atrasentan in men with metastatic hormone‐refractory prostate cancer , 2007, Cancer.

[1680]  A. Horwich,et al.  Randomized Phase II trial assessing estramustine and vinblastine combination chemotherapy vs estramustine alone in patients with progressive hormone-escaped metastatic prostate cancer , 1999, British Journal of Cancer.

[1681]  J. Epstein,et al.  Positive Surgical Margins in Areas of Capsular Incision in Otherwise Organ-confined Disease at Radical Prostatectomy: Histologic Features and Pitfalls , 2008, The American journal of surgical pathology.

[1682]  R. Gibbons Total prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer: long-term surgical results and current morbidity. , 1988, NCI monographs : a publication of the National Cancer Institute.

[1683]  G Starkschall,et al.  Preliminary results of a randomized radiotherapy dose-escalation study comparing 70 Gy with 78 Gy for prostate cancer. , 2000, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1684]  J. Rewcastle,et al.  Salvage cryosurgery for recurrent prostate cancer after radiation therapy: a seven-year follow-up. , 2003, Clinical prostate cancer.

[1685]  Massimo Mischi,et al.  Novel contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging in prostate cancer , 2011, World Journal of Urology.

[1686]  Misop Han,et al.  Prostate cancer-specific survival following salvage radiotherapy vs observation in men with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. , 2008, JAMA.

[1687]  D. S. Coffey,et al.  Adaptation versus selection as the mechanism responsible for the relapse of prostatic cancer to androgen ablation therapy as studied in the Dunning R-3327-H adenocarcinoma. , 1981, Cancer research.

[1688]  S. Shappell Clinical utility of prostate carcinoma molecular diagnostic tests. , 2008, Reviews in urology.

[1689]  R Alagappan,et al.  Detection of extracapsular extension of prostate carcinoma with endorectal and phased-array coil MR imaging: multivariate feature analysis. , 1997, Radiology.

[1690]  Hartwig Huland,et al.  Circulating prostate tumor cells detected by reverse transcription-PCR in men with localized or castration-refractory prostate cancer: concordance with CellSearch assay and association with bone metastases and with survival. , 2009, Clinical chemistry.

[1691]  A. D'Amico,et al.  Eligibility and outcomes reporting guidelines for clinical trials for patients in the state of a rising prostate-specific antigen: recommendations from the Prostate-Specific Antigen Working Group. , 2004, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1692]  T. Ohlsson,et al.  Combined 18F‐fluorocholine and 18F‐fluoride positron emission tomography/computed tomography imaging for staging of high‐risk prostate cancer , 2012, BJU international.

[1693]  Kyounghwa Bae,et al.  Randomized trial comparing conventional-dose with high-dose conformal radiation therapy in early-stage adenocarcinoma of the prostate: long-term results from proton radiation oncology group/american college of radiology 95-09. , 2010, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1694]  W. Whitmore,et al.  Experience with flutamide in patients with advanced prostatic cancer without prior endocrine therapy , 1984, Cancer.

[1695]  M. Cooperberg,et al.  The University of California, San Francisco Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment score: a straightforward and reliable preoperative predictor of disease recurrence after radical prostatectomy. , 2005, The Journal of urology.

[1696]  W. J. Morris,et al.  Incomplete testosterone suppression with luteinizing hormone‐releasing hormone agonists: does it happen and does it matter? , 2012, BJU international.

[1697]  J. Morote,et al.  Failure to Maintain a Suppressed Level of Serum Testosterone during Long-Acting Depot Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Agonist Therapy in Patients with Advanced Prostate Cancer , 2006, Urologia Internationalis.

[1698]  Josef Korinek,et al.  Proceedings of the American Society of Clinical Oncology , 1982 .

[1699]  M. Barak,et al.  Prognostic importance of the rate of decrease in prostate specific antigen (PSA) levels after treatment of patients with carcinoma of prostate , 1989 .

[1700]  A. D'Amico,et al.  Androgen-deprivation therapy in prostate cancer and cardiovascular risk: a science advisory from the American Heart Association, American Cancer Society, and American Urological Association: endorsed by the American Society for Radiation Oncology. , 2010, Circulation.

[1701]  H. Scher,et al.  Flutamide withdrawal syndrome: its impact on clinical trials in hormone-refractory prostate cancer. , 1993, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1702]  L. Holmberg,et al.  Individualized estimation of the benefit of radical prostatectomy from the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group randomized trial. , 2012, European urology.

[1703]  S. Schild,et al.  Detection of residual prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy with the Abbott IMx PSA assay. , 1996, Urology.

[1704]  M. Soloway,et al.  Careful selection and close monitoring of low-risk prostate cancer patients on active surveillance minimizes the need for treatment. , 2010, European urology.

[1705]  G. Blackledge,et al.  Role of prostate‐specific antigen as a predictor of outcome in prostate cancer , 1994, The Prostate. Supplement.

[1706]  J. Battermann,et al.  The impact of acute urinary retention after iodine-125 prostate brachytherapy on health-related quality of life. , 2010, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1707]  D. Grignon,et al.  Ten-year follow-up of radiation therapy oncology group protocol 92-02: a phase III trial of the duration of elective androgen deprivation in locally advanced prostate cancer. , 2008, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1708]  C. Brendler,et al.  Surgical modifications of radical retropubic prostatectomy to decrease incidence of positive surgical margins. , 1998, The Journal of urology.

[1709]  M. Cooperberg,et al.  Time trends in clinical risk stratification for prostate cancer: implications for outcomes (data from CaPSURE). , 2003, The Journal of urology.

[1710]  S. Schild,et al.  Salvage radiotherapy for men with isolated rising PSA or locally palpable recurrence after radical prostatectomy: do outcomes differ? , 2004, Urology.

[1711]  J. Dutka,et al.  Time of survival and quality of life of the patients operatively treated due to pathological fractures due to bone metastases. , 2003, Ortopedia, traumatologia, rehabilitacja.

[1712]  J A Smith,et al.  Transrectal ultrasound versus digital rectal examination for the staging of carcinoma of the prostate: results of a prospective, multi-institutional trial. , 1997, The Journal of urology.

[1713]  O. Yoshida,et al.  Prognostic significance of prostate specific antigen in endocrine treatment for prostatic cancer. , 1990, The Journal of urology.

[1714]  A. O'brien,et al.  An Evaluation of Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Leuprorelin Acetate 3M-Depot in Patients with Advanced and Metastatic Carcinoma of the Prostate , 1998, Urologia Internationalis.

[1715]  P. Schellhammer,et al.  Consensus statements on radiation therapy of prostate cancer: guidelines for prostate re-biopsy after radiation and for radiation therapy with rising prostate-specific antigen levels after radical prostatectomy. American Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology Consensus Panel. , 1999, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1716]  R. Rajasundaram,et al.  A Study on Staging Bone Scans in Newly Diagnosed Prostate Cancer , 2006, Urologia Internationalis.

[1717]  David S. Yee,et al.  Role of prostate specific antigen and immediate confirmatory biopsy in predicting progression during active surveillance for low risk prostate cancer. , 2011, The Journal of urology.

[1718]  K. Haustermans,et al.  Mapping of pelvic lymph node metastases in prostate cancer. , 2013, European urology.

[1719]  Hans Garmo,et al.  Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in early prostate cancer. , 2005, The New England journal of medicine.

[1720]  G. Haas,et al.  The worldwide epidemiology of prostate cancer: perspectives from autopsy studies. , 2008, The Canadian journal of urology.

[1721]  H. G. van der Poel,et al.  Quality of life in patients with low-risk prostate cancer. A comparative retrospective study: brachytherapy versus robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy versus active surveillance. , 2014, Journal of endourology.

[1722]  H. Klocker,et al.  Prostate cancer screening in Tyrol, Austria: experience and results. , 2000, European urology.

[1723]  N. Dubrawsky Cancer statistics , 1989, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians.

[1724]  D. Kuban,et al.  PSA nadir predicts biochemical and distant failures after external beam radiotherapy for prostate cancer: a multi-institutional analysis. , 2004, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1725]  N. Kyprianou,et al.  Programmed cell death during regression of PC-82 human prostate cancer following androgen ablation. , 1990, Cancer research.

[1726]  J. Adolfsson,et al.  Deferred treatment in clinically localised prostatic carcinoma. , 1992, British journal of urology.

[1727]  T. Roskams,et al.  Outcome of surgery for clinical unilateral T3a prostate cancer: a single-institution experience. , 2007, European urology.

[1728]  A. D'Amico,et al.  Salvage radiation in men after prostate‐specific antigen failure and the risk of death , 2011, Cancer.

[1729]  P. Carroll,et al.  Prostate-specific antigen decline after casodex withdrawal: evidence for an antiandrogen withdrawal syndrome. , 1994, Urology.

[1730]  A. D'Amico,et al.  Prostate-specific antigen nadir and cancer-specific mortality following hormonal therapy for prostate-specific antigen failure. , 2005, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1731]  B. Tombal,et al.  Degarelix: a novel gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor blocker--results from a 1-yr, multicentre, randomised, phase 2 dosage-finding study in the treatment of prostate cancer. , 2008, European urology.

[1732]  J. Earle,et al.  Preliminary results of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy as salvage treatment for a rising prostate-specific antigen level postprostatectomy. , 2000, American journal of clinical oncology.

[1733]  R H Brook,et al.  Quality-of-life outcomes in men treated for localized prostate cancer. , 1995, JAMA.

[1734]  P. Carroll,et al.  Fear of recurrence, symptom burden, and health-related quality of life in men with prostate cancer. , 2008, Urology.

[1735]  Y. Yamada,et al.  Long-term outcome following three-dimensional conformal/intensity-modulated external-beam radiotherapy for clinical stage T3 prostate cancer. , 2008, European urology.

[1736]  S. Crouzet,et al.  Whole-gland ablation of localized prostate cancer with high-intensity focused ultrasound: oncologic outcomes and morbidity in 1002 patients. , 2014, European urology.

[1737]  J. Epstein,et al.  Gleason score 2-4 adenocarcinoma of the prostate on needle biopsy: a diagnosis that should not be made. , 2000, The American journal of surgical pathology.

[1738]  G. Sonpavde,et al.  Sunitinib malate for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer following docetaxel-based chemotherapy. , 2010, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.

[1739]  U. Capitanio,et al.  Indications for pelvic nodal treatment in prostate cancer should change. Validation of the Roach formula in a large extended nodal dissection series. , 2012, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1740]  F. Montorsi,et al.  Prostate-Specific Antigen Velocity Versus Prostate-Specific Antigen Doubling Time for Prediction of 11C Choline PET/CT in Prostate Cancer Patients With Biochemical Failure After Radical Prostatectomy , 2012, Clinical nuclear medicine.

[1741]  T. Oei,et al.  Comparison of prostate cancer patients with and without pain , 1993, Pain.

[1742]  T. Stamey,et al.  Prostate specific antigen in the diagnosis and treatment of adenocarcinoma of the prostate. II. Radical prostatectomy treated patients. , 1989, The Journal of urology.

[1743]  Dennis W J Klomp,et al.  Initial Experience of 3 Tesla Endorectal Coil Magnetic Resonance Imaging and 1H-Spectroscopic Imaging of the Prostate , 2004, Investigative radiology.

[1744]  D. Amadori,et al.  Overall Survival Benefit of Radium-223 Chloride (Alpharadin™) in the Treatment of Patients with Symptomatic Bone Metastases in Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer (CRPC): a Phase III Randomized Trial (ALSYMPCA) , 2011 .

[1745]  M. Graefen Is the open retropubic radical prostatectomy dead? , 2007, European urology.

[1746]  M. Frydenberg,et al.  Investigations with FDG-PET Scanning in Prostate Cancer Show Limited Value for Clinical Practice , 2002, Acta oncologica.

[1747]  P. Humphrey,et al.  Prognostic value of various morphometric measurements of tumour extent in prostate needle core tissue , 2008, Histopathology.

[1748]  K. Pienta,et al.  Change in serum prostate-specific antigen as a marker of response to cytotoxic therapy for hormone-refractory prostate cancer. , 1998, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[1749]  T. Shankey,et al.  Limited efficacy of preoperative computed tomographic scanning for the evaluation of lymph node metastasis in patients before radical prostatectomy. , 1996, Urology.

[1750]  W. Catalona,et al.  Return of erections and urinary continence following nerve sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy. , 1993, The Journal of urology.

[1751]  D. Byar The veterans administration cooperative urological research group's studies of cancer of the prostate , 1973, Cancer.

[1752]  L. Potters,et al.  Rectal complications associated with transperineal interstitial brachytherapy for prostate cancer. , 2000, International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics.

[1753]  A. Ramaswamy,et al.  Anatomical basis for pelvic lymphadenectomy in prostate cancer: results of an autopsy study and implications for the clinic. , 1996, The Journal of urology.

[1754]  W. Ellis,et al.  Advanced prostatic carcinoma. Early versus late endocrine therapy. , 1991, The Urologic clinics of North America.

[1755]  V. Patel,et al.  Current Status of Salvage Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Prostatectomy for Radiorecurrent Prostate Cancer , 2012, Current Urology Reports.

[1756]  W. Butler,et al.  Biochemical outcome for hormone-naive patients with Gleason score 3+4 versus 4+3 prostate cancer undergoing permanent prostate brachytherapy. , 2002, Urology.

[1757]  P. Scardino,et al.  Pathological results and rates of treatment failure in high‐risk prostate cancer patients after radical prostatectomy , 2011, BJU international.

[1758]  F. Montorsi,et al.  Recovery of spontaneous erectile function after nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy with and without early intracavernous injections of alprostadil: results of a prospective, randomized trial. , 1997, The Journal of urology.

[1759]  D. Grobbee,et al.  Endogenous sex hormones and metabolic syndrome in aging men. , 2005, The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism.

[1760]  K. Touijer,et al.  The role of endorectal coil MRI in preoperative staging and decision-making for the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer , 2008, Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics, Biology and Medicine.