Evolution of fibre orientation in radial direction in a center-gated disk: Experiments and simulation

Abstract The evolution of fibre orientation in transient simulations with the Folgar–Tucker model and its slip and reduced strain closure versions was assessed against experimental data measured in the shell, transition, and core layers. Decoupled and coupled transient simulations were performed using a measured orientation profile at the inlet of the mould. All three orientation models match the experimental data only in the steady region of the shell layer but are unable to predict the evolution of orientation in all three layers. Effects of coupling are very small and unable to account for the discrepancies between the experiments and simulations.

[1]  Charles L. Tucker,et al.  Flow regimes for fiber suspensions in narrow gaps , 1991 .

[2]  S. Advani,et al.  A simultaneous solution for flow and fiber orientation in axisymmetric diverging radial flow , 1993 .

[3]  Charles L. Tucker,et al.  An objective model for slow orientation kinetics in concentrated fiber suspensions: Theory and rheological evidence , 2008 .

[4]  P. Wapperom,et al.  Using transient shear rheology to determine material parameters in fiber suspension theory , 2009 .

[5]  Å. Larsen.  Injectin molding of short fiber reinforced thermoplastics in a center‐gated mold , 2000 .

[6]  R. Larson.  The Structure and Rheology of Complex Fluids , 1998 .

[7]  Charles L. Tucker,et al.  An anisotropic rotary diffusion model for fiber orientation in short- and long-fiber thermoplastics , 2009 .

[8]  Fpt Frank Baaijens.  Calculation of residual stresses in injection molded products , 1991 .

[9]  P. Carreau,et al.  Rheological properties of short fiber filled polypropylene in transient shear flow , 2004 .

[10]  Tai Hun Kwon,et al.  Invariant-based optimal fitting closure approximation for the numerical prediction of flow-induced fiber orientation , 2002 .

[11]  M. Fortin,et al.  A new approach for the FEM simulation of viscoelastic flows , 1989 .

[12]  Charles L. Tucker,et al.  Stereological measurement and error estimates for three-dimensional fiber orientation , 1992 .

[13]  Donald G. Baird,et al.  Polymer Processing: Principles and Design , 1995 .

[14]  Charles L. Tucker,et al.  Fiber orientation in simple injection moldings. Part I: Theory and numerical methods , 1991 .

[15]  T. Kwon,et al.  Numerical simulation of fiber orientation in injection molding of short‐fiber‐reinforced thermoplastics , 1995 .

[16]  S. Osher,et al.  Efficient implementation of essentially non-oscillatory shock-capturing schemes,II , 1989 .

[17]  D. Koch.  A model for orientational diffusion in fiber suspensions , 1995 .

[18]  D. H. Chung,et al.  Numerical studies of fiber suspensions in an axisymmetric radial diverging flow: the effects of modeling and numerical assumptions , 2002 .

[19]  Suresh G. Advani,et al.  Flow and rheology in polymer composites manufacturing , 1994 .

[20]  A. Zink-Sharp,et al.  Sample preparation and image acquisition using optical‐reflective microscopy in the measurement of fiber orientation in thermoplastic composites , 2012, Journal of microscopy.

[21]  P. Wapperom,et al.  Simulation of Injection Molding Using a Model with Delayed Fiber Orientation , 2011 .

[22]  P. Raviart,et al.  On a Finite Element Method for Solving the Neutron Transport Equation , 1974 .

[23]  T D Papathanasiou,et al.  4 – Flow-induced alignment in injection molding of fiber-reinforced polymer composites , 1997 .

[24]  Jin Wang,et al.  Improved fiber orientation predictions for injection molded composites , 2007 .

[25]  Costas G. Gogos,et al.  Simulation of the mold filling process , 1974 .

[26]  C. L. Tucker,et al.  Orientation Behavior of Fibers in Concentrated Suspensions , 1984 .

[27]  T. Kwon,et al.  Numerical modeling of injection/compression molding for center-gated disk: Part I. Injection molding with viscoelastic compressible fluid model , 1999 .

[28]  P. Wapperom,et al.  Fiber orientation kinetics of a concentrated short glass fiber suspension in startup of simple shear flow , 2010 .

[29]  Tai Hun Kwon,et al.  Coupled analysis of injection molding filling and fiber orientation, including in‐plane velocity gradient effect , 1996 .

[30]  R. J. Crowson,et al.  A study of the effect of injection speed on fibre orientation in simple mouldings of short glass fibre-filled polypropylene , 1978 .

[31]  Francisco Chinesta,et al.  State-of-the-Art on numerical simulation of fiber-reinforced thermoplastic forming processes , 2002 .

[32]  Charles L. Tucker,et al.  Fiber suspensions in complex geometries: Flow/orientation coupling , 2002 .

[33]  B. Mlekusch,et al.  Fibre orientation in short-fibre-reinforced thermoplastics II. Quantitative measurements by image analysis , 1999 .

[34]  Robert C. Armstrong,et al.  A Rheological Equation of State for Semiconcentrated Fiber Suspensions , 1984 .

[35]  Gaav Haagh,et al.  Simulation of three‐dimensional polymer mould filling processes using a pseudo‐concentration method , 1998 .

[36]  P. Wapperom,et al.  Unambiguous orientation in short fiber composites over small sampling area in a center-gated disk , 2012 .

[37]  T. Kwon,et al.  Nonisothermal transient filling simulation of fiber suspended viscoelastic liquid in a center‐gated disk , 2011 .