Distribution of iatrogenic retinal breaks in macular hole surgery.

BACKGROUND Intraoperative peripheral iatrogenic retinal breaks can be a serious complication of vitreous surgery. This study was undertaken to determine whether vitreous surgical techniques used for macular hole surgery were associated with a different incidence or distribution of retinal breaks. METHODS The authors prospectively evaluated a series of 181 consecutive eyes undergoing macular hole surgery. Contemporaneous reporting of intraoperative and postoperative retinal breaks and postoperative retinal detachments was performed. Comparison was made to historic controls of two case series of patients undergoing vitreous surgery for other indications. RESULTS Of 181 eyes, 10 (5.5%) had 15 intraoperative retinal breaks. Of the 15 breaks, 3 (20%) were in the quadrant near the surgeon's right-hand sclerotomy, 9 (60%) were in the two inferior quadrants, and 11 (73%) were in the two temporal quadrants. By comparison to previously reported case series, tears in our series were less likely to be near the right-hand sclerotomy (P = 0.00055) and more likely to occur in the two inferior retinal quadrants (P = 0.00015) and two temporal retinal quadrants (P = 0.0042). Two patients (1.1%) of 181 had postoperative retinal detachments. CONCLUSIONS Patients undergoing vitreous surgery for macular hole have a similar incidence but different location of iatrogenic retinal breaks when compared with patients undergoing pars plana vitrectomy for other indications. These breaks are not distributed near sclerotomy sites and tend to be in the inferior and temporal retina. This establishes the need for greater intraoperative surveillance in these areas.