Preparation and characterization of poly(l-lactic acid) foams

Abstract A particulate-leaching method was developed to prepare highly porous biodegradable polymer membranes. It involves the casting of polymer/salt composite membranes followed by the dissolution of the salt. Poly( l -lactic acid) porous membranes of controlled porosity, surface/volume ratio, and crystallinity were prepared with sodium chloride, sodium tartrate or sodium citrate sieved particles. For salt weight fractions of 50 and 60 wt%, asymmetric membranes were formed, independent of salt particle size. When 70–90 wt% salt was used, the membranes were homogeneous with interconnected pores. The membrane properties were independent of the salt type and were only related to the salt weight fraction and particle size. The porosity increased with the salt weight fraction, and the median pore diameter increased as the salt particle size increased. The polymer/salt composite membranes could be quenched or annealed to yield amorphous or semicrystalline foams with desired crystallinity. All foams were 99.9 wt% salt free and had porosities as high as 0.93 and median pore diameters up to 150 μm.