Immunosuppressive effect of sinomenine in an allergic rhinitis mouse model.

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a chronic allergic airway disease that has become a significant global public health issue. Sinomenine (SN), a natural phytochemical found in Sinomenium acutum, showed anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive effect in previous studies. In order to explore the role of SN in the treatment of AR, mice were sensitized and challenged by ovalbumin (OVA) to establish an AR mouse model. SN was administered to AR mice orally, and compared with dexamethasone treatment as a positive control. Nasal symptoms and histopathological changes were used to evaluate the effect of SN treatment in the AR mice model. In addition, the levels of anti-OVA specific IgE and various cytokines in the serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, while the levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in the mucosa were also detected by western blot analysis and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction. AR mice that received SN treatment had reduced symptom scores and milder eosinophil infiltration. The serum levels of anti-OVA specific IgE and interleukin-4 significantly decreased following SN treatment. Furthermore, TGF-β expression levels in the serum and nasal mucosa tissue in AR mice increased when compared with those in AR mice without treatment. In conclusion, SN treatment alleviated the symptoms of AR in mice and had an immunosuppressive effect on AR, which may result from the upregulation of TGF-β.

[1]  Hsing-Yu Chen,et al.  Chinese herbal medicine network and core treatments for allergic skin diseases: Implications from a nationwide database. , 2015, Journal of ethnopharmacology.

[2]  N. Novak,et al.  Immunological mechanisms of sublingual immunotherapy , 2014, Current opinion in allergy and clinical immunology.

[3]  F. Liu,et al.  Comparison of effect of granules and herbs of Bu‐Shen‐Yi‐Qi‐Tang on airway inflammation in asthmatic mice , 2014, Chinese medical journal.

[4]  Y. Jie,et al.  Sinomenine can prolong high-risk corneal graft survival in a rat model. , 2012, Immunotherapy.

[5]  T. Casale,et al.  The effects of an H3 receptor antagonist (PF-03654746) with fexofenadine on reducing allergic rhinitis symptoms. , 2012, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[6]  Jang-Gi Choi,et al.  Anti-allergic effects of sinomenine by inhibition of prostaglandin D2 and leukotriene C4 in mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells , 2011, Immunopharmacology and immunotoxicology.

[7]  C. H. Lee,et al.  Anti‐tumor necrosis factor‐alpha treatment reduces allergic responses in an allergic rhinitis mouse model , 2011, Allergy.

[8]  Sien-Hung Yang,et al.  Traditional Chinese medicine, Xin-yi-san, reduces nasal symptoms of patients with perennial allergic rhinitis by its diverse immunomodulatory effects. , 2010, International immunopharmacology.

[9]  Jingbo Zhang,et al.  Immunoregulatory effects of sinomenine on the T-bet/GATA-3 ratio and Th1/Th2 cytokine balance in the treatment of mesangial proliferative nephritis. , 2009, International immunopharmacology.

[10]  Sang‐Myeong Lee,et al.  Decreased FoxP3 gene expression in the nasal secretions from patients with allergic rhinitis , 2009, Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery.

[11]  V. Kuchroo,et al.  Interleukin 4 inhibits TGF-β-induced-Foxp3+T cells and generates, in combination with TGF-β, Foxp3− effector T cells that produce interleukins 9 and 10 , 2008, Nature Immunology.

[12]  V. Kuchroo,et al.  Role of Th1 and Th17 cells in organ-specific autoimmunity. , 2008, Journal of autoimmunity.

[13]  H. Suto,et al.  Mast cell regulation of epithelial TSLP expression plays an important role in the development of allergic rhinitis , 2008, European journal of immunology.

[14]  G. Viegi,et al.  Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 * , 2008, Allergy.

[15]  Sien-Hung Yang,et al.  Antiinflammatory effects of Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang in patients with perennial allergic rhinitis. , 2008, Journal of ethnopharmacology.

[16]  J. Lötvall,et al.  Effects of pollen and nasal glucocorticoid on FOXP3+, GATA‐3+ and T‐bet+ cells in allergic rhinitis , 2007, Allergy.

[17]  Jeong-Whun Kim,et al.  Effects of Dexamethasone on the Expression of Transforming Growth Factor‐β in the Mouse Model of Allergic Rhinitis , 2007, The Laryngoscope.

[18]  Z. Hua,et al.  Sinomenine inhibits primary CD4+ T‐cell proliferation via apoptosis , 2007, Cell biology international.

[19]  Geng Xu,et al.  A Possible Role of CD4+CD25+ T Cells as Well as Transcription Factor Foxp3 in the Dysregulation of Allergic Rhinitis , 2007, The Laryngoscope.

[20]  H. Takano,et al.  Suppression of Th1 and Th2 immune responses in mice by Sinomenine, an alkaloid extracted from the chinese medicinal plant Sinomenium acutum. , 2006, Planta medica.

[21]  C. Akdis,et al.  Immunological mechanisms of sublingual immunotherapy , 2006, Allergy.

[22]  C. Akdis,et al.  Mechanisms of immune suppression by interleukin‐10 and transforming growth factor‐β: the role of T regulatory cells , 2006, Immunology.

[23]  S. Romagnani,et al.  Regulatory T cells: which role in the pathogenesis and treatment of allergic disorders? , 2005, Allergy.

[24]  R. Maizels,et al.  Suppression of allergic airway inflammation by helminth-induced regulatory T cells , 2005, The Journal of experimental medicine.

[25]  F. Levi-Schaffer,et al.  The role of the eosinophil in nasal diseases , 2005, Current opinion in otolaryngology & head and neck surgery.

[26]  T. Makino.  [Pharmacological properties of Gyokuheifusan, a traditional Kampo medicinal formula]. , 2005, Yakugaku zasshi : Journal of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan.

[27]  Sergio Romagnani,et al.  Immunologic influences on allergy and the TH1/TH2 balance. , 2004, The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology.

[28]  V. Gebski,et al.  The Chinese herbal formulation biminne in management of perennial allergic rhinitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 12-week clinical trial. , 2002, Annals of allergy, asthma & immunology : official publication of the American College of Allergy, Asthma, & Immunology.

[29]  Thomas D. Schmittgen,et al.  Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) Method. , 2001, Methods.

[30]  H. Chae,et al.  The stem of sinomenium acutum inhibits mast cell-mediated anaphylactic reactions and tumor necrosis factor-alpha production from rat peritoneal mast cells. , 2000, Journal of ethnopharmacology.

[31]  T. Yoshino,et al.  Strain‐dependent induction of allergic rhinitis without adjuvant in mice , 1999, Allergy.

[32]  P. Howarth,et al.  Inflammatory mediators in naturally occurring rhinitis , 1998, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

[33]  G. Rasp,et al.  Eosinophil inflammation of the nasal mucosa in allergic and non‐allergic rhinitis measured by eosinophil cationic protein levels in native nasal fluid and serum , 1994, Clinical and experimental allergy : journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology.

[34]  K. Resch,et al.  Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by the anti-arthritic drug sinomenine. , 1994, International journal of immunopharmacology.

[35]  G. Aversa,et al.  Induction of isotype switching and Ig production by CD5+ and CD10+ human fetal B cells. , 1992, Journal of immunology.

[36]  W. Doyle,et al.  Nasal physiology and inflammatory mediators during natural pollen exposure. , 1990, Annals of allergy.

[37]  H Yamasaki,et al.  Pharmacology of sinomenine, an anti-rheumatic alkaloid from Sinomenium acutum. , 1976, Acta medica Okayama.

[38]  T. Biscoe,et al.  The effects of morphine, etorphine and sinomenine on the chemical sensitivity and synaptic responses of Renshaw cells and other spinal neurones in the rat. , 1974, European journal of pharmacology.

[39]  Y. Kondo,et al.  Effect of sinomenine on antibody responses in mice. , 1985, Journal of immunopharmacology.