Separate Detection of Sodium and Potassium Ions with Sub-micropipette Probe

A novel method of detecting sodium and potassium ions separately with a sub-micropipette probe of approximately 100 nm inner diameter has been demonstrated. A poly(vinyl chloride) film containing crown ether ligands in sub-micropipettes filtered the ions. Sodium ions were trapped with bis(12-crown-4), whereas potassium ions were trapped with bis(benzo-15-crown-5). Alternate and direct bias voltages were applied to the counter electrode in the sub-micropipette so that the local ion concentrations could be observed as current signals after conversion to milivolt output signals with our low-current detection system prepared for this study.

[1]  L. Ying.  Applications of nanopipettes in bionanotechnology. , 2009, Biochemical Society transactions.

[2]  J. Shapiro,et al.  Endogenous Cardiotonic Steroids: Physiology, Pharmacology, and Novel Therapeutic Targets , 2009, Pharmacological Reviews.

[3]  D. Klenerman,et al.  Nanoscale live-cell imaging using hopping probe ion conductance microscopy , 2009, Nature Methods.

[4]  Eleftherios P. Diamandis,et al.  Novel therapeutic applications of cardiac glycosides , 2008, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery.

[5]  L. Faller.  Mechanistic studies of sodium pump. , 2008, Archives of biochemistry and biophysics.

[6]  F. Iwata,et al.  Nanometre-scale deposition of colloidal Au particles using electrophoresis in a nanopipette probe , 2007 .

[7]  F. Iwata,et al.  Nanometer-Scale Metal Plating Using a Scanning Shear-Force Microscope with an Electrolyte-Filled Micropipette Probe , 2004 .

[8]  M. Martina,et al.  Properties and Functional Role of Voltage-Dependent Potassium Channels in Dendrites of Rat Cerebellar Purkinje Neurons , 2003, The Journal of Neuroscience.

[9]  D. Warnock,et al.  Anionic Phospholipids Regulate Native and Expressed Epithelial Sodium Channel (ENaC)* , 2002, The Journal of Biological Chemistry.

[10]  C. Gerber,et al.  Recognition of individual tail groups in self-assembled monolayers , 1995 .

[11]  Emmanuel Delamarche,et al.  End-Group-Dominated Molecular Order in Self-Assembled Monolayers , 1995 .

[12]  D. J. Harrison,et al.  Micromachining a Miniaturized Capillary Electrophoresis-Based Chemical Analysis System on a Chip , 1993, Science.

[13]  Paul K. Hansma,et al.  Improved scanning ion‐conductance microscope using microfabricated probes , 1991 .

[14]  P. Hansma,et al.  The scanning ion-conductance microscope. , 1989, Science.

[15]  W. Simon,et al.  Neutral carrier-based Na+-selective electrode for application in blood serum , 1986 .

[16]  H. Tamura,et al.  Simultaneous determination of sodium and potassium in human urine or serum using coated-wire ion-selective electrodes based on bis(crown ether)s , 1983 .

[17]  Hiroshi Tamura,et al.  Coated wire sodium- and potassium-selective electrodes based on bis(crown ether) compounds , 1982 .

[18]  G. J. Moody,et al.  PVC ion-selective electrodes based on calcium bis-[dialkyl- and di-(4-alkylphenyl) phosphates] and mixed solvent mediators. , 1980, Talanta.

[19]  H. Tamura,et al.  Effect of plasticizer on the selectivity of potassium-selective PVC membrane electrodes based on bis(crown ether)s. , 1980 .

[20]  H. Tamura,et al.  Potassium-selective PVC membrane electrodes based on bis- and poly(crown ether)s , 1979 .

[21]  B. Sakmann,et al.  Single-channel currents recorded from membrane of denervated frog muscle fibres , 1976, Nature.

[22]  W. C. Bauman,et al.  Novel ion exchange chromatographic method using conductimetric detection , 1975 .

[23]  Linus Pauling,et al.  THE SIZES OF IONS AND THE STRUCTURE OF IONIC CRYSTALS , 1927 .

[24]  G. Smith.  THE SEPARATION AND DETERMINATION OF POTASSIUM AND SODIUM. A PERCHLORATE PRECIPITATION PROCESS USING NORMAL BUTYL ALCOHOL , 1923 .