Hand Gestures and Verbal Acknowledgments Improve Human-Robot Rapport

Enhancing the rapport between the human and the robot will be an essential element in successfully developing robotic assistants, especially ones working in our homes. We use a personality survey task to assess how humans initially perceive rapport between themselves and a robot. Robots administering the survey presented relational behaviors designed to improve human-robot rapport. Participants preferred it when the robot provided verbal acknowledgments or was more engaging, such as when the robot supplemented its speech with iconic gestures.

[1]  John Heritage,et al.  The Provider’s Voice: Patient Satisfaction and the Content-filtered Speech of Nurses and Physicians in Primary Medical Care , 2008 .

[2]  Matthias Scheutz,et al.  Designing a Social Robot to Assist in Medication Sorting , 2016, ICSR.

[3]  Nicole C. Krämer,et al.  "It doesn't matter what you are!" Explaining social effects of agents and avatars , 2010, Comput. Hum. Behav..

[4]  Ning Wang,et al.  Creating Rapport with Virtual Agents , 2007, IVA.

[5]  Christopher F. Sharpley,et al.  When does counsellor forward lean influence client-perceived rapport? , 1995 .

[6]  Sin-Hwa Kang,et al.  Social copresence in anonymous social interactions using a mobile video telephone , 2008, CHI.

[7]  James W. Pennebaker,et al.  Linguistic Bases of Social Perception , 1997 .

[8]  Zohar Livnat,et al.  Rapport in Negotiation , 2012 .

[9]  Frank J. Bernieri,et al.  The Importance of Nonverbal Cues in Judging Rapport , 1999 .

[10]  Joelle Pineau,et al.  Pearl: A Mobile Robotic Assistant for the Elderly , 2002 .

[11]  Peter Robinson,et al.  When my robot smiles at me Enabling human-robot rapport via real-time head gesture mimicry , 2009 .

[12]  Frank Biocca,et al.  The Effect of the Agency and Anthropomorphism on Users' Sense of Telepresence, Copresence, and Social Presence in Virtual Environments , 2003, Presence: Teleoperators & Virtual Environments.

[13]  R. Rosenthal,et al.  Rapport expressed through nonverbal behavior , 1985 .

[14]  Gail Jefferson,et al.  Notes on a systematic deployment of the acknowledgement tokens “Yeah”; and “Mm Hm”; , 1984 .

[15]  M. Morris,et al.  Rapport in conflict resolution: Accounting for how face-to-face contact fosters mutual cooperation in mixed-motive conflicts. , 2000 .

[16]  Takayuki Kanda,et al.  Psychological analysis on human-robot interaction , 2001, Proceedings 2001 ICRA. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.01CH37164).

[17]  Philip Tsui,et al.  Failure of rapport: why psychotherapeutic engagement fails in the treatment of Asian clients. , 1985, The American journal of orthopsychiatry.

[18]  I. B. Myers Manual: A Guide to the Development and Use of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator , 1985 .

[19]  Ning Wang,et al.  Can Virtual Human Build Rapport and Promote Learning? , 2009, AIED.

[20]  Himalaya Patel,et al.  Toward Monitoring and Increasing Exercise Adherence in Older Adults by Robotic Intervention: A Proof of Concept Study , 2011, J. Robotics.

[21]  Candace L. Sidner,et al.  Explorations in engagement for humans and robots , 2005, Artif. Intell..

[22]  Timothy W. Bickmore,et al.  Establishing and maintaining long-term human-computer relationships , 2005, TCHI.

[23]  D. McNeill Hand and Mind: What Gestures Reveal about Thought , 1992 .

[24]  Kathrin Lambertz,et al.  Back-channelling: The use of yeah and mm to portray engaged listenership , 2011 .

[25]  Jonathan Gratch,et al.  Socially Anxious People Reveal More Personal Information with Virtual Counselors That Talk about Themselves using Intimate Human Back Stories , 2012, Annual Review of Cybertherapy and Telemedicine.

[26]  Matthias Scheutz,et al.  Are Robots Ready for Administering Health Status Surveys? First Results from an HRI Study with Subjects with Parkinson’s Disease , 2015, 2015 10th ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI).

[27]  P Duggan,et al.  Physicians' nonverbal rapport building and patients' talk about the subjective component of illness , 2001 .

[28]  L. Tickle-Degnen,et al.  The Nature of Rapport and Its Nonverbal Correlates , 1990 .

[29]  C. Kleinke Gaze and eye contact: a research review. , 1986, Psychological bulletin.