Possible Nutrients in Artemia Affecting the Larval Growth of Pacific Bluefin Tuna Thunnus orientalis

Feeding of Artemia enriched with commercial enrichers (enriched Artemia) induces the growth failure of the Pacific bluefin tuna (PBT) Thunnus orientalis larvae but feeding of yolk-sac larvae of marine fish promotes larval growth. However, the underlying causes of this phenomenon have never been explained. Therefore, in this study, two consecutive experiments, 1) a nutritional comparison among enriched rotifers, enriched Artemia , and yolk-sac larvae of Japanese knifejaw Oplegnathus fasciatus and 2) a preliminary rearing trial of bluefin tuna larvae by feeding either enriched Artemia or yolk-sac larvae, were conducted to predict the possible nutritional cause (s). No remarkable differences were found in proximate and amino acid compositions among the live feed, while phosphatidylchorine, sterol ester , and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) levels were comparatively low in enriched Artemia. The carbohydrate content in enriched Artemia was similar to that in enriched rotifers but higher than that in yolk-sac larvae . In the rearing trial for 6 days, the growth and survival of PBT larvae fed yolk-sac larvae were superior to those fed enriched Artemia. The PBT larvae fed yolk-sac larvae had significantly higher levels of triacylglycerol and DHA. The results suggest that the nutritional inferiority of enriched Artemia to yolk-sac larvae is partly responsible for the growth failure of PBT larvae fed enriched Artemia.

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