System and method for detecting deficiency of railway fasteners on basis of laser and vision

The invention discloses a system and a method for detecting deficiency of railway fasteners on the basis of laser and vision. The system comprises a laser positioning system, a vision identification system and a control center which are all arranged in a detector below a train body and rightly align to the upper side of the areas where the railway fasteners are located. The laser positioning system and the vision identification system are disposed front to back in a staggered manner along the running direction of the train, and the distance between the laser positioning system and the vision identification system is kept constant. The laser positioning system detects and positions the fasteners, sends out synchronous signals and triggers the vision identification system to work. The laser positioning system completes triangulation ranging measurement by utilizing a one-dimension array formed by high-speed semi-conductor photoelectric tubes to substitute for a linear array CCD (charge coupled device) in a common laser triangulation ranging sensor. By the aid of the system and the method for detecting deficiency of the railway fasteners on the basis of laser and vision, contradiction between detection accuracy and high running speed of the train is overcome effectively, and high-speed detection and identification for the railway fasteners are realized.