Isolation and identification of attractants from the pupae of three lepidopteran species for the parasitoid Chouioia cunea Yang.

BACKGROUND Chouioia cunea Yang (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) is a parasitic wasp and natural enemy of several lepidopteran pests during their pupal stage. The volatiles from pupae of three hosts, Hyphantria cunea (Arctiidae), Antheraea pernyi (Saturniidae) and Lymantria dispar (Erebidae), were analyzed and compared to elucidate the chemical cues used by C. cunea to locate its hosts. RESULTS The attraction of C. cunea to H. cunea pupae has no obvious association with the types of plant leaves consumed by H. cunea before pupation. C. cunea exhibited the strongest attraction to the pupae of H. cunea, followed by those of A. pernyi and L. dispar based on the behavioral experiments. GC-MS and GC-EAD analyses showed that these three host pupae consisted of essentially the same active volatile components but at different relative amounts. Active components derived from these pupae by GC-EAD were alkanes from C12 to C27, and C. cunea showed different levels of attraction to different single compounds. CONCLUSION Host location by C. cunea primarily depends on common compounds emanating from pupae of several host species. The relative amount of each component varies across host species, guiding host preferences by C. cunea. Optimal blends of several components were identified. Understanding the chemical cues used by C. cunea to locate its host could increase the possibility of developing attractants for parasitic wasps and subsequently increasing the parasitism rate of C. cunea on various hosts. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

[1]  Can Li,et al.  Laboratory and field investigation on the orientation of Frankliniella occidentalis (Thysanoptera: Thripidae) to more suitable host plants driven by volatiles and component analysis of volatiles. , 2019, Pest management science.

[2]  Sven W. Meckelmann,et al.  Identification of Chaoborus kairomone chemicals that induce defences in Daphnia , 2018, Nature Chemical Biology.

[3]  T. Renner,et al.  Carabidae Semiochemistry: Current and Future Directions , 2018, Journal of Chemical Ecology.

[4]  Y. Han,et al.  Current status of the management of fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea: Towards the integrated pest management development , 2018, Journal of Applied Entomology.

[5]  S. Powers,et al.  Isolation and identification of floral attractants from a nectar plant for the dried bean beetle, Acanthoscelides obtectus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Bruchinae). , 2018, Pest management science.

[6]  J. Ramsey,et al.  Behavioural and electrophysiological responses of Triatoma dimidiata nymphs to conspecific faecal volatiles , 2018, Medical and veterinary entomology.

[7]  G. Zhu,et al.  Chemical investigations of volatile kairomones produced by Hyphantria cunea (Drury), a host of the parasitoid Chouioia cunea Yang. , 2017, Bulletin of entomological research.

[8]  Q. Ji,et al.  Response of egg-pupal parasitoid Fopius arisanus (Sonan) to infochemicals from the host eggs' surface of Bactrocera dorsalis (Hendel) , 2016 .

[9]  Yijuan Xu,et al.  Effect of Solenopsis invicta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on Flower-Visiting Behavior of Insects on Brassica napus (Brassicales: Brassicaceae) , 2016, Florida Entomologist.

[10]  M. Dicke,et al.  Feeding guild of non-host community members affects host-foraging efficiency of a parasitic wasp. , 2016, Ecology.

[11]  G. Zhu,et al.  Transcriptome and Expression Patterns of Chemosensory Genes in Antennae of the Parasitoid Wasp Chouioia cunea , 2016, PloS one.

[12]  E. Morgan,et al.  Secretions of Dufour's Gland in Some Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) , 2014 .

[13]  Manqun Wang,et al.  Electrophysiological responses of the rice leaffolder, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis , to rice plant volatiles , 2014, Journal of insect science.

[14]  Xiao-yi Wang,et al.  Recent advances in biological control of important native and invasive forest pests in China , 2014 .

[15]  A. Poliwoda,et al.  THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE FLORAL EXTRACT OF EPIPOGIUM APHYLLUM SW. (ORCHIDACEAE): A CLUE FOR THEIR POLLINATION BIOLOGY , 2014 .

[16]  G. Knudsen,et al.  Egg developmental status and the complexity of synthetic kairomones combine to influence attraction behaviour in the blowfly Calliphora vicina , 2012 .

[17]  R. Hofstetter,et al.  Attraction to monoterpenes and beetle‐produced compounds by syntopic Ips and Dendroctonus bark beetles and their predators , 2012 .

[18]  J. Rojas,et al.  Identification and origin of host-associated volatiles attractive to Prorops nasuta, a parasitoid of the coffee berry borer , 2012, Arthropod-Plant Interactions.

[19]  D. Bruck,et al.  Field Attraction of the Vine Weevil Otiorhynchus sulcatus to Kairomones , 2012, Journal of economic entomology.

[20]  T. Bukovinszky,et al.  Plants under multiple herbivory: consequences for parasitoid search behaviour and foraging efficiency , 2012, Animal Behaviour.

[21]  I. Karaca,et al.  Chalcidoid Parasitoids of Overwintered Pupae of Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) in Hazelnut Plantations of Turkey's Central Black Sea Region , 2011, The Canadian Entomologist.

[22]  H. Fadamiro,et al.  Electroantennogram and behavioral responses of Pteromalus cerealellae to odor stimuli associated with its host, Callosobruchus maculatus , 2011 .

[23]  T. Seenivasagan,et al.  Electroantennogram and flight orientation response of Cotesia plutellae to hexane extract of cruciferous host plants and larvae of Plutella xylostella , 2011 .

[24]  A. Jürgens,et al.  Volatiles associated with different flower stages and leaves of Acacia cyclops and their potential role as host attractants for Dasineura dielsi (Diptera: Cecidomyiidae) , 2010 .

[25]  I. Baldwin,et al.  The evolutionary context for herbivore-induced plant volatiles: beyond the 'cry for help'. , 2010, Trends in plant science.

[26]  Y. Lou,et al.  Differential attraction of parasitoids in relation to specificity of kairomones from herbivores and their by‐products , 2008 .

[27]  E. Peri,et al.  The Egg Parasitoid Trissolcus basalis uses n-nonadecane, a Cuticular Hydrocarbon from its Stink Bug Host Nezara viridula, to Discriminate Between Female and Male Hosts , 2007, Journal of Chemical Ecology.

[28]  A. Agrawal,et al.  A Role for Isothiocyanates in Plant Resistance Against the Specialist Herbivore Pieris rapae , 2003, Journal of Chemical Ecology.

[29]  P. Lyne,et al.  Volatiles from the foliage of soybean, Glycine max, and lima bean, Phaseolus lunatus: their behavioral effects on the insects Trichoplusia ni and Epilachna varivestis , 1989 .

[30]  Z. Yang.  A new genus and species of Eulophidae (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea) parasitizing Hyphantria cunea (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) in China. , 1989 .