Pre-Crastination

In this article, we describe a phenomenon we discovered while conducting experiments on walking and reaching. We asked university students to pick up either of two buckets, one to the left of an alley and one to the right, and to carry the selected bucket to the alley’s end. In most trials, one of the buckets was closer to the end point. We emphasized choosing the easier task, expecting participants to prefer the bucket that would be carried a shorter distance. Contrary to our expectation, participants chose the bucket that was closer to the start position, carrying it farther than the other bucket. On the basis of results from nine experiments and participants’ reports, we concluded that this seemingly irrational choice reflected a tendency to pre-crastinate, a term we introduce to refer to the hastening of subgoal completion, even at the expense of extra physical effort. Other tasks also reveal this preference, which we ascribe to the desire to reduce working memory loads.

[1]  R. C. Oldfield The assessment and analysis of handedness: the Edinburgh inventory. , 1971, Neuropsychologia.

[2]  A. Tversky,et al.  Judgment under Uncertainty: Heuristics and Biases , 1974, Science.

[3]  S. Tipper,et al.  Selective reaching: evidence for action-centered attention. , 1992, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[4]  B. McFadyen,et al.  The combined control of locomotion and prehension , 1996 .

[5]  M. Turvey Dynamic touch. , 1996, The American psychologist.

[6]  I. Cuthill,et al.  Managing time and energy , 1997 .

[7]  M. McDaniel,et al.  Prospective memory and aging: forgetting intentions over short delays. , 2000, Psychology and aging.

[8]  Mark A McDaniel,et al.  Aging and maintaining intentions over delays: do it or lose it. , 2003, Psychology and aging.

[9]  D. Rosenbaum,et al.  Coordination of locomotion and prehension , 2006, Experimental Brain Research.

[10]  D. Rosenbaum,et al.  Hand path priming in manual obstacle avoidance: evidence that the dorsal stream does not only control visually guided actions in real time. , 2007, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[11]  Steven A. Jax,et al.  Hand path priming in manual obstacle avoidance: evidence for abstract spatiotemporal forms in human motor control. , 2007, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[12]  Julia Trommershäuser Biases and optimality of sensory-motor and cognitive decisions. , 2009, Progress in brain research.

[13]  Liangyan Wang,et al.  Idleness Aversion and the Need for Justifiable Busyness , 2010, Psychological science.

[14]  J. Witt Action’s Effect on Perception , 2011 .

[15]  D. Rosenbaum,et al.  Cognition, action, and object manipulation. , 2012, Psychological bulletin.

[16]  Heather F. Neyedli,et al.  Optimal weighting of costs and probabilities in a risky motor decision-making task requires experience. , 2013, Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance.

[17]  N. McGlynn Thinking fast and slow. , 2014, Australian veterinary journal.