论文信息 - SOURCES AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF BUILDING SOILING IN URBAN AREAS

SOURCES AND ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF BUILDING SOILING IN URBAN AREAS

Abstract Trends in U.K. dark smoke emissions are reviewed and the increasing contribution from diesel-powered vehicles is described. In London ∼ 60% of the dark smoke is shown to originate from diesel emissions. A model for the soiling of building surfaces is considered and it is shown that the light reflectance of a surface can fall to 60% of its initial value after 5 years, at an urban site. Costs arising from building soiling and implications for the stone cleaning market in the U.K. are considere.

[1] R. Cooke,et al. Stone weathering in Southeast England , 1987 .

[2] W. Watson,et al. Air pollution: Household soiling and consumer welfare losses , 1982 .

[3] E. J. Mishan,et al. Economic Costs of Air Pollution. , 1969 .

[4] Frederick W. Lipfert,et al. Atmospheric damage to calcareous stones: Comparison and reconciliation of recent experimental findings , 1989 .

[5] Werner Stöber,et al. On the Health Hazards of Particulate Diesel Engine Exhaust Emissions , 1987 .

[6] R. Van Grieken,et al. Air-pollution-induced chemical decay of a sandy-limestone Cathedral in Belgium , 1989 .

[7] Cristina Sabbioni,et al. Urban stone sulphation and oil-fired carbonaceous particles , 1984 .

[8] D. J. Ball,et al. Smoke from diesel-engined road vehicles: An investigation into the basis of british and european emission standards , 1983 .

[9] Absorption of sulfur dioxide on monodisperse water droplets and catalytic activity of carbon particles , 1989 .

[10] H Klingenberg,et al. Studies on health effects of automotive exhaust emissions. How dangerous are diesel emissions? , 1990, The Science of the total environment.