Oscillations of force in the standing legs of a walking insect (Carausius morosus)

In the experiments presented here adult stick insects (Carausius morosus) walk on a treadwheel with various legs standing on platforms fixed relative to the body of the insect. These standing legs produce large forees directed towards the rear which are modulated in the rhythm of the walking legs. Neighbouring legs which both stand on a platform often oscillate “in phase”. Possible reasons for the occurrence of the force oscillations are discussed.

[1]  D. Wilson Insect walking. , 1966, Annual review of entomology.

[2]  U. Bässler [On the regulation of the position of the femur-tibial joint of the walking-stick insect Carausius morosus at rest and in motion]. , 1967, Kybernetik.

[3]  K. Pearson,et al.  Discharge patterns of coxal levator and depressor motoneurones of the cockroach, Periplaneta americana. , 1970, The Journal of experimental biology.

[4]  Fachbereich Biologie der Universitfit,et al.  The Control of the Rocking Movements of the Phasmid Carausius morosus Br. , 1977 .

[5]  H. Cruse,et al.  Wird die Stellung des Kniegelenkes auch beim laufenden Insekt geregelt?: Is the position of the femur-tibia joint under feedback control in the walking insect? , 1978 .

[6]  U. Bässler Interaction of central and peripheral mechanisms during walking in first instar stick insects, Extatosoma tiaratum , 1979 .

[7]  U. Bässler,et al.  EFFECTS OF AFFERENCE SIGN REVERSAL ON MOTOR ACTIVITY IN WALKING STICK INSECTS (CARAUSIUS MOROSUS) , 1981 .

[8]  O. V. Helversen,et al.  The stridulatory movements of acridid grasshoppers recorded with an opto-electronic device , 2004, Journal of comparative physiology.

[9]  H. Pflüger The control of the rocking movements of the phasmidCarausius morosus Br. , 2004, Journal of comparative physiology.

[10]  U. Bässler Zur Regelung der Stellung des Femur-Tibia-Gelenkes bei der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus in der Ruhe und im Lauf , 2004, Kybernetik.

[11]  H. Cruse A quantitative model of walking incorporating central and peripheral influences , 2004, Biological Cybernetics.

[12]  H. Cruse,et al.  The coordination of force oscillations and of leg movement in a walking insect (Carausius morosus) , 1980, Biological Cybernetics.

[13]  G. Wendler Laufen und Stehen der Stabheuschrecke Carausius morosus: Sinnesborstenfelder in den Beingelenken als Glieder von Regelkreisen , 1964, Zeitschrift für vergleichende Physiologie.

[14]  D. Graham Simulation of a model for the coordination of leg movement in free walking insects , 1977, Biological Cybernetics.

[15]  H. Cruse,et al.  A quantitative model of walking incorporating central and peripheral influences , 1980, Biological Cybernetics.

[16]  H. Cruse The function of the legs in the free walking stick insect,Carausius morosus , 1976, Journal of comparative physiology.

[17]  D. Graham A behavioural analysis of the temporal organisation of walking movements in the 1st instar and adult stick insect (Carausius morosus) , 1972, Journal of comparative physiology.

[18]  U. Bässler Sensory control of leg movement in the stick insect Carausius morosus , 1977, Biological Cybernetics.

[19]  H. Cruse A new model describing the coordination pattern of the legs of a walking stick insect , 1979, Biological Cybernetics.