Joint Extraction of Events and Entities within a Document Context

Events and entities are closely related; entities are often actors or participants in events and events without entities are uncommon. The interpretation of events and entities is highly contextually dependent. Existing work in information extraction typically models events separately from entities, and performs inference at the sentence level, ignoring the rest of the document. In this paper, we propose a novel approach that models the dependencies among variables of events, entities, and their relations, and performs joint inference of these variables across a document. The goal is to enable access to document-level contextual information and facilitate context-aware predictions. We demonstrate that our approach substantially outperforms the state-of-the-art methods for event extraction as well as a strong baseline for entity extraction.

[1]  Eric P. Xing,et al.  An Augmented Lagrangian Approach to Constrained MAP Inference , 2011, ICML.

[2]  Andrew McCallum,et al.  Fast and Robust Joint Models for Biomedical Event Extraction , 2011, EMNLP.

[3]  Jeffrey Dean,et al.  Distributed Representations of Words and Phrases and their Compositionality , 2013, NIPS.

[4]  Heng Ji,et al.  Constructing Information Networks Using One Single Model , 2014, EMNLP.

[5]  Heng Ji,et al.  Joint Event Extraction via Structured Prediction with Global Features , 2013, ACL.

[6]  David Ahn,et al.  The stages of event extraction , 2006 .

[7]  Nathanael Chambers,et al.  Jointly Combining Implicit Constraints Improves Temporal Ordering , 2008, EMNLP.

[8]  Sampo Pyysalo,et al.  Overview of BioNLP’09 Shared Task on Event Extraction , 2009, BioNLP@HLT-NAACL.

[9]  Peter Clark,et al.  Modeling Biological Processes for Reading Comprehension , 2014, EMNLP.

[10]  R. Cooper Design Challenges , 2007 .

[11]  Nathanael Chambers,et al.  Template-Based Information Extraction without the Templates , 2011, ACL.

[12]  Dan Roth,et al.  Design Challenges and Misconceptions in Named Entity Recognition , 2009, CoNLL.

[13]  Michael Strube,et al.  Event Extraction as Frame-Semantic Parsing , 2015, *SEMEVAL.

[14]  Eneko Agirre Proceedings of the First Joint Conference on Lexical and Computational Semantics - Volume 1: Proceedings of the main conference and the shared task, and Volume 2: Proceedings of the Sixth International Workshop on Semantic Evaluation , 2012 .

[15]  Mark A. Przybocki,et al.  The Automatic Content Extraction (ACE) Program – Tasks, Data, and Evaluation , 2004, LREC.

[16]  Xinlei Chen,et al.  Never-Ending Learning , 2012, ECAI.

[17]  Andrew McCallum,et al.  Conditional Random Fields: Probabilistic Models for Segmenting and Labeling Sequence Data , 2001, ICML.

[18]  Ralph Grishman,et al.  Event Detection and Domain Adaptation with Convolutional Neural Networks , 2015, ACL.

[19]  Heng Ji,et al.  Seed-Based Event Trigger Labeling: How far can event descriptions get us? , 2015, ACL.

[20]  Mihai Surdeanu,et al.  Event Extraction as Dependency Parsing , 2011, ACL.

[21]  Nathanael Chambers,et al.  Unsupervised Learning of Narrative Schemas and their Participants , 2009, ACL.

[22]  Hoifung Poon,et al.  Joint Inference for Knowledge Extraction from Biomedical Literature , 2010, NAACL.

[23]  Dan Klein,et al.  An Empirical Investigation of Statistical Significance in NLP , 2012, EMNLP.

[24]  Jari Björne,et al.  Extracting Complex Biological Events with Rich Graph-Based Feature Sets , 2009, BioNLP@HLT-NAACL.

[25]  Dan Roth,et al.  Joint Inference for Event Timeline Construction , 2012, EMNLP.

[26]  Ralph Grishman,et al.  Using Document Level Cross-Event Inference to Improve Event Extraction , 2010, ACL.

[27]  Christopher D. Manning,et al.  Learning Constraints for Consistent Timeline Extraction , 2012, EMNLP.

[28]  Heng Ji,et al.  Refining Event Extraction through Cross-Document Inference , 2008, ACL.

[29]  Noah A. Smith,et al.  An Exact Dual Decomposition Algorithm for Shallow Semantic Parsing with Constraints , 2012, *SEMEVAL.

[30]  Ralph Grishman,et al.  NOMLEX: a lexicon of nominalizations , 1998 .

[31]  Jun Zhao,et al.  Event Extraction via Dynamic Multi-Pooling Convolutional Neural Networks , 2015, ACL.

[32]  Heeyoung Lee,et al.  Deterministic Coreference Resolution Based on Entity-Centric, Precision-Ranked Rules , 2013, CL.