Digital three‐dimensional modelling of the male pelvis and bicycle seats: impact of rider position and seat design on potential penile hypoxia and erectile dysfunction

To digitally model (three‐dimensional, 3D) the course of the pudendal arteries relative to the bony pelvis in the adult male, and to identify sites of compression with different bicycle riding positions as a potential cause of penile hypoxia and erectile dysfunction.

[1]  E. Crelin Atlas of Human Anatomy , 1965, The Yale Journal of Biology and Medicine.

[2]  J. Mckinlay,et al.  Does bicycling contribute to the risk of erectile dysfunction? Results from the Massachusetts Male Aging Study (MMAS) , 2001, International Journal of Impotence Research.

[3]  T. H. Klotz,et al.  Erectile dysfunction in cyclists. Is there any difference in penile blood flow during cycling in an upright versus a reclining position? , 2001, European urology.

[4]  Ulrich Schwarzer,et al.  Cycling and penile oxygen pressure: the type of saddle matters. , 2002, European urology.

[5]  M. Kerstein,et al.  Perineal trauma and vasculogenic impotence. , 1982, The Journal of urology.

[6]  S. Solomon,et al.  Impotence and bicycling. A seldom-reported connection. , 1987, Postgraduate medicine.

[7]  T. Asher Uncomfortably Numb , 2003 .

[8]  A K Midgley Hazards of long distance cycling , 1989, BMJ.

[9]  J. Dettori,et al.  Erectile dysfunction after a long-distance cycling event: associations with bicycle characteristics. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[10]  D. Udelson,et al.  Mechanisms of venous leakage: a prospective clinicopathological correlation of corporeal function and structure. , 1996, The Journal of urology.

[11]  T. H. Klotz,et al.  GENITAL NUMBNESS AND IMPOTENCE RATE IN LONG DISTANCE CYCLISTS , 1999 .

[12]  L. Hertle,et al.  The Alcock syndrome: temporary penile insensitivity due to compression of the pudendal nerve within the Alcock canal. , 1994, The Journal of urology.

[13]  Brian D Lowe,et al.  Nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity testing in bicycling patrol officers. , 2002, Journal of andrology.

[14]  B. Lowe,et al.  Effect of bicycle saddle designs on the pressure to the perineum of the bicyclist. , 2004, Medicine and science in sports and exercise.

[15]  Pudendal neuritis from biking. , 1981, The New England journal of medicine.

[16]  F. Sampaio,et al.  The pig kidney as an endourologic model: anatomic contribution. , 1998, Journal of endourology.

[17]  T. H. Klotz,et al.  Erectile Dysfunction in Cyclists , 2001, European Urology.

[18]  T. H. Klotz,et al.  Transcutaneous penile oxygen pressure during bicycling , 1999, BJU international.

[19]  I. Goldstein,et al.  Pudendal nerve injury associated with avid bicycling. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[20]  T. H. Klotz,et al.  Impotence and genital numbness in cyclists. , 2001, International journal of sports medicine.

[21]  F. Sampaio,et al.  Pig kidney: anatomical relationships between the intrarenal arteries and the kidney collecting system. Applied study for urological research and surgical training. , 2004, The Journal of urology.

[22]  R. E. Leipheimer,et al.  The effects of castration on relaxation of rat corpus cavernosum smooth muscle in vitro. , 1999, The Journal of urology.

[23]  J. Seymour Unseen danger. , 1991, Nursing times.

[24]  K. Andersen,et al.  Impotence and nerve entrapment in long distance amateur cyclists. , 1998, Acta neurologica Scandinavica.