Phylogeny and Historical Biogeography of Hadrosaurid Dinosaurs

................................................................................................................... 44 Introduction .............................................................................................................. 44 Summary of Previous Studies on Hadrosaurid Systematics ....................................... 46 Materials and Methods.............................................................................................. 53 Results ...................................................................................................................... 66 Discussion ................................................................................................................ 86 Conclusions .............................................................................................................. 91 3. HISTORICAL BIOGEOGRAPHY OF HADROSAURID DINOSAURS................ 122 Abstract .................................................................................................................. 122 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 123 Review of Previous Studies on Hadrosaurid Biogeography ..................................... 124 Methods for the Inference of Ancestral Areas ......................................................... 129 Hadrosaurid Ancestral Distributions ....................................................................... 130 Global Biogeographic History of Hadrosaurids ....................................................... 133 Discussion .............................................................................................................. 138 Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 143................................................................................................................. 122 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 123 Review of Previous Studies on Hadrosaurid Biogeography ..................................... 124 Methods for the Inference of Ancestral Areas ......................................................... 129 Hadrosaurid Ancestral Distributions ....................................................................... 130 Global Biogeographic History of Hadrosaurids ....................................................... 133 Discussion .............................................................................................................. 138 Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 143 4. OSTEOLOGY AND SYSTEMATICS OF THE HADROSAURID DINOSAUR SECERNOSAURUS KOERNERI (= KRITOSAURUS AUSTRALIS) FROM THE LATE CRETACEOUS OF ARGENTINA ............................................................................. 153 Abstract .................................................................................................................. 153 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 154 Materials and Methods............................................................................................ 157................................................................................................................. 153 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 154 Materials and Methods............................................................................................ 157 ix Revised Taxonomy of Secernosaurus koerneri and Kritosaurus australis ............... 158 Osteological Description of Secernosaurus koerneri ............................................... 160 Phylogenetic Position of Secernosaurus koerneri.................................................... 169 Historical Biogeography of Secernosaurus koerneri................................................ 171 Discussion .............................................................................................................. 172 Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 175 5. PARARHABDODON ISONENSIS AND TSINTAOSAURUS SPINORHINUS: A NEW CLADE OF LAMBEOSAURINE HADROSAURIDS FROM EURASIA .................. 195 Abstract .................................................................................................................. 195 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 195 Materials and Methods............................................................................................ 198 Results.................................................................................................................... 200 Discussion .............................................................................................................. 203 Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 204................................................................................................................. 195 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 195 Materials and Methods............................................................................................ 198 Results.................................................................................................................... 200 Discussion .............................................................................................................. 203 Conclusions ............................................................................................................ 204 CONCLUSION........................................................................................................... 207 APPENDIX A. TAXON-CHARACTER STATE MATRIX........................................ 210 APPENDIX B. DENTAL CHARACTERS ................................................................. 255 APPENDIX C. MANDIBULAR CHARACTERS....................................................... 309 APPENDIX D. FACIAL CHARACTERS................................................................... 388 APPENDIX E. NEUROCRANIAL CHARACTERS................................................... 536 APPENDIX F. REGIONAL CRANIAL CHARACTERS ........................................... 576 APPENDIX G. VERTEBRAL AND OTHER AXIAL CHARACTERS...................... 623 APPENDIX H. PECTORAL AND FORELIMB CHARACTERS ............................... 638 APPENDIX I. PELVIC CHARACTERS..................................................................... 697 APPENDIX J. PELVIC CHARACTERS .................................................................... 797 APPENDIX K. SYNAPOMORPHIES AND CLADE DEFINITIONS........................ 813 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................... 834 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH....................................................................................... 858