Abstract Zeolites have been used as catalysts in industry since the early 1960s. The great majority of commercial applications employ one of three zeolite types: zeolite Y (faujasite); mordenite; ZSM-5. By far the largest use of zeolites is in catalytic cracking, and to a lesser extent in hydrocracking. Table 1 presents some data showing the commercial importance of this field [1]. The data are for United States refineries only and must be multiplied by a factor to arrive at worldwide use. Better than 90% of free-world cracking units now use zeolite catalysts. For many years it had been assumed that crystalline aluminosilicates with their uniform pore structure would make inferior catalysts to amorphous silica-slumina with a rather wide pore size distribution. The tremendous acid activity of hydrogen zeolites also was not recognized. Rabo and co-workers [2] showed at the 2nd International Congress on Catalysis that hydrogen exchanged faujasites possessed good isomerization ability, but commercial applicat...
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