Economic Sanctions: Ideals and Experience.

frontiers, even if arguably not discriminatory, or that intrude on an area in which the Communities have explicit legislative authority. In the United States, on the other hand, where a national market has existed for two hundred years and the supremacy of the federal Government is well established, only measures discriminating in favor of local residents are likely to be struck down, and the Supreme Court is somewhat more tolerant of nonconflicting state regulations in areas of federal competence (see pp. 24-30, 33-36). Even with these differences, it remains instructive to see how the two courts have dealt with similar issues. As U.S. Supreme Court Justice Potter Stewart, one of the conference participants, notes in his foreword: "Students of each system may thus acquire enhanced understanding of the problems and prospects of their own system and, perhaps, the potential for achieving beneficial change within it." The one criticism that can be leveled at the work is that the similarities and differences between U.S. and Community law are largely left for the reader to unearth for himself since the proceedings of this 3-day conference, which were devoted to raising and analyzing those similarities and differences, have not been published. This is hardly a serious fault. To some extent it is mitigated by the excellent introductory essay by the editors, who provide extensive background material to aid the understanding of those not familiar with the structure of the European Communities and who, in addition, highlight certain of these similarities and differences. Moreover, the general high quality of the well-organized individual essays, which are grouped by subject, make the process of comparison relatively simple, except for the laziest of readers. All in all, Courts and Free Markets can be highly recommended, both because of the high quality of the individual essays and because of the opportunities for comparative analysis that they provide.