Planet formation and migration

We review the observations of extrasolar planets, ongoing developments in theories of planet formation, orbital migration and the evolution of multiplanet systems.

[1]  P. Bodenheimer,et al.  Orbital migration of the planetary companion of 51 Pegasi to its present location , 1996, Nature.

[2]  Richard P. Nelson,et al.  The interaction of giant planets with a disc with MHD turbulence – IV. Migration rates of embedded protoplanets , 2003, astro-ph/0308360.

[3]  A. Sozzetti,et al.  On the possible correlation between the orbital periods of extrasolar planets and the metallicity of the host stars , 2004, astro-ph/0408116.

[4]  R. Rafikov,et al.  Planet Migration and Gap Formation by Tidally Induced Shocks , 2001, astro-ph/0110540.

[5]  R. Rebolo,et al.  Statistical properties of exoplanets. II. Metallicity, orbital parameters, and space velocities , 2002, astro-ph/0211211.

[6]  Masahiro Ikoma,et al.  Formation of Giant Planets: Dependences on Core Accretion Rate and Grain Opacity , 2000 .

[7]  David Charbonneau,et al.  Detection of Thermal Emission from an Extrasolar Planet , 2005 .

[8]  John E. Krist,et al.  An Edge-on Circumstellar Disk in the Young Binary System HK Tauri , 1998 .

[9]  Peter Bodenheimer,et al.  Calculations of the accretion and evolution of giant planets: The effects of solid cores , 1986 .

[10]  D. Queloz,et al.  The CORALIE survey for southern extra-solar planets. XII. Orbital solutions for 16 extra-solar planets discovered with CORALIE , 2003, astro-ph/0310316.

[11]  Joachim Stadel,et al.  The Evolution of Gravitationally Unstable Protoplanetary Disks: Fragmentation and Possible Giant Planet Formation , 2003, astro-ph/0310771.

[12]  D. Lin,et al.  On the tidal interaction between protoplanets and the protoplanetary disk. III. Orbital migration of protoplanets , 1986 .

[13]  T. Henning,et al.  Particle-Trapping Eddies in Protoplanetary Accretion Disks , 1997 .

[14]  Accepted for Publication in ApJ Preprint typeset using L ATEX style emulateapj v. 11/12/01 , 2003 .

[15]  Richard P. Nelson,et al.  The interaction of giant planets with a disc with MHD turbulence – III. Flow morphology and conditions for gap formation in local and global simulations , 2003, astro-ph/0308351.

[16]  Richard P. Nelson,et al.  Tidally Induced Gap Formation in Protostellar Disks: Gap Clearing and Suppression of Protoplanetary Growth , 1999 .

[17]  O. Hubickyj,et al.  Models of the in Situ Formation of Detected Extrasolar Giant Planets , 1998 .

[18]  David Charbonneau,et al.  A Lack of Planets in 47 Tucanae from a Hubble Space Telescope Search , 2000 .

[19]  Eiichiro Kokubo,et al.  Oligarchic growth of protoplanets , 1996 .

[20]  Johns Hopkins University,et al.  Disk Accretion onto High-Mass Planets , 1999 .

[21]  T. Brown,et al.  Detection of Planetary Transits Across a Sun-like Star , 1999, The Astrophysical journal.

[22]  J. Papaloizou,et al.  THE EVOLUTION OF A SUPERMASSIVE BINARY CAUSED BY AN ACCRETION DISC , 1998, astro-ph/9812198.

[23]  W. Ward.  Protoplanet Migration by Nebula Tides , 1997 .

[24]  V. Safronov,et al.  Evolution of the protoplanetary cloud and formation of the earth and the planets , 1972 .

[25]  G. González.  The stellar metallicity—giant planet connection , 1997 .

[26]  Dynamics of Circumstellar Disks. II. Heating and Cooling , 1999, astro-ph/9908146.

[27]  Drake Deming,et al.  Infrared radiation from an extrasolar planet , 2005, Nature.

[28]  The Substellar Mass Function in σ Orionis , 2001, astro-ph/0104097.

[29]  Harold F. Levison,et al.  THE FORMATION OF URANUS AND NEPTUNE AMONG JUPITER AND SATURN , 2001, astro-ph/0111290.

[30]  D. Lynden-Bell,et al.  The Evolution of viscous discs and the origin of the nebular variables. , 1974 .

[31]  M. Mayor,et al.  A Jupiter-mass companion to a solar-type star , 1995, Nature.

[32]  John P. Cox,et al.  Principles of stellar structure , 1968 .

[33]  W. Kley.  Mass flow and accretion through gaps in accretion discs , 1998, astro-ph/9809253.

[34]  F. Rasio,et al.  Distant Companions and Planets around Millisecond Pulsars , 1996, astro-ph/9610213.

[35]  P. Cassen,et al.  The Effects of Thermal Energetics on Three-dimensional Hydrodynamic Instabilities in Massive Protostellar Disks , 1998 .

[36]  D. Stevenson.  Formation of the giant planets , 1982 .

[37]  D. Syer,et al.  Satellites in discs: regulating the accretion luminosity , 1995, astro-ph/9505021.

[38]  Hansen,et al.  Migrating planets , 1998, Science.

[39]  Jack J. Lissauer,et al.  Formation of the Giant Planets by Concurrent Accretion of Solids and Gas , 1995 .

[40]  CRITICAL PROTOPLANETARY CORE MASSES IN PROTOPLANETARY DISKS AND THE FORMATION OF SHORT-PERIOD GIANT PLANETS , 1999, astro-ph/9903310.

[41]  F. Adams,et al.  Type I Planetary Migration with MHD Turbulence , 2003, astro-ph/0308406.

[42]  Coryn A. L. Bailer-Jones,et al.  Discovery of Young, Isolated Planetary Mass Objects in the σ Orionis Star Cluster , 2000 .

[43]  D. Lin,et al.  On the tidal interaction between protoplanets and the primordial solar nebula. I - Linear calculation of the role of angular momentum exchange , 1984 .

[44]  S. Weidenschilling,et al.  Aerodynamics of solid bodies in the solar nebula. , 1977 .

[45]  Portugal,et al.  Statistical properties of exoplanets - I. The period distribution: Constraints for the migration scenario , 2003, astro-ph/0306049.

[46]  Eric B. Ford,et al.  Dynamical Instabilities and the Formation of Extrasolar Planetary Systems , 1996, Science.

[47]  John E. Chambers,et al.  The Stability of Multi-Planet Systems , 1996 .

[48]  Andrew Gould,et al.  Discovering Planetary Systems through Gravitational Microlenses , 1992 .

[49]  R. Paul Butler,et al.  A Pair of Resonant Planets Orbiting GJ 876 , 2001 .

[50]  S. Zucker,et al.  On the Mass-Period Correlation of the Extrasolar Planets , 2002, astro-ph/0202415.

[51]  S. Udry,et al.  Statistical properties of exoplanets. III. Planet properties and stellar multiplicity , 2004, astro-ph/0402664.

[52]  Global m = 1 modes and migration of protoplanetary cores in eccentric protoplanetary discs , 2002, astro-ph/0204197.

[53]  Migration and dynamical relaxation in crowded systems of giant planets , 2003, astro-ph/0301561.

[54]  On disc driven inward migration of resonantly coupled planets with application to the system around GJ876 , 2001, astro-ph/0104432.

[55]  P. Goldreich,et al.  An Explanation of the Frequent Occurrence of Commensurable Mean Motions in the Solar System , 1965 .

[56]  S. Weidenschilling.  Radial drift of particles in the solar nebula: implications for planetesimal formation , 2003 .

[57]  G. Wuchterl,et al.  Giant planet formation , 1994 .

[58]  C. Hayashi.  Structure of the Solar Nebula, Growth and Decay of Magnetic Fields and Effects of Magnetic and Turbulent Viscosities on the Nebula , 1981 .

[59]  David Charbonneau,et al.  TrES-1: The Transiting Planet of a Bright K0 V Star , 2004 .

[60]  K. Menou,et al.  Low-Mass Protoplanet Migration in T Tauri α-Disks , 2003, astro-ph/0310169.

[61]  S. Udry,et al.  Statistical properties of exoplanets IV. The period-eccentricity relations of exoplanets and of binary stars , 2005 .

[62]  Peter Goldreich,et al.  Disk-Satellite Interactions , 1980 .

[63]  K. Zebrun,et al.  OGLE 2003-BLG-235/MOA 2003-BLG-53: A Planetary Microlensing Event , 2004 .

[64]  D. Backer,et al.  A second companion of the millisecond pulsar 1620 – 26 , 1993, Nature.

[65]  D. Lin,et al.  A Critical Examination of Li Pollution and Giant-Planet Consumption by a Host Star , 2002, astro-ph/0202527.

[66]  On the Formation Timescale and Core Masses of Gas Giant Planets , 2003, astro-ph/0310191.

[67]  D. Lin,et al.  USING FU ORIONIS OUTBURSTS TO CONSTRAIN SELF-REGULATED PROTOSTELLAR DISK MODELS , 1993, astro-ph/9312015.

[68]  R. Paul Butler,et al.  Planetary Companions to HD 12661, HD 92788, and HD 38529 and Variations in Keplerian Residuals of Extrasolar Planets , 2001 .

[69]  J. Hawley,et al.  A powerful local shear instability in weakly magnetized disks. I - Linear analysis. II - Nonlinear evolution , 1990 .

[70]  S. Weidenschilling,et al.  Dust to planetesimals: Settling and coagulation in the solar nebula , 1980 .

[71]  D. Lynden-Bell,et al.  II. Spiral Arms as Sheared Gravitational Instabilities , 1965 .

[72]  George W. Wetherill,et al.  Accumulation of a swarm of small planetesimals , 1989 .

[73]  M. Sekiya.  Quasi-Equilibrium Density Distributions of Small Dust Aggregations in the Solar Nebula , 1998 .

[74]  Alan P. Boss,et al.  Evolution of the Solar Nebula. IV. Giant Gaseous Protoplanet Formation , 1998 .

[75]  A. Boss,et al.  Possible Rapid Gas Giant Planet Formation in the Solar Nebula and Other Protoplanetary Disks , 2000, The Astrophysical journal.

[76]  ORBITAL MIGRATION AND MASS ACCRETION OF PROTOPLANETS IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL GLOBAL COMPUTATIONS WITH NESTED GRIDS , 2003, astro-ph/0308055.

[77]  Philip W. Lucas,et al.  A population of very young brown dwarfs and free‐floating planets in Orion , 2000 .

[78]  Y. Alibert,et al.  Migration and giant planet formation , 2004, astro-ph/0403574.

[79]  P. Cassen,et al.  The Effects of Thermal Energetics on Three-dimensional Hydrodynamic Instabilities in Massive Protostellar Disks , 1998 .

[80]  B. Sato,et al.  Abundance Analyses of 12 Parent Stars of Extrasolar Planets Observed with the SUBARU/HDS ∗ , 2002 .

[81]  Spain.,et al.  Beryllium abundances in stars hosting giant planets , 2002, astro-ph/0202456.

[82]  J. Papaloizou,et al.  Instabilities in self-gravitating gaseous discs , 1991 .

[83]  J. Cuzzi,et al.  Size-selective Concentration of Chondrules and Other Small Particles in Protoplanetary Nebula Turbulence , 2000, astro-ph/0009210.

[84]  F. Favata,et al.  Report by the ESA-ESO Working Group on Extra-Solar Planets , 2005, astro-ph/0506163.

[85]  J. M. Champney,et al.  Particle-Gas Dynamics in the Midplane of a Protoplanetary Nebula , 1993 .

[86]  R. Durisen,et al.  A hybrid scenario for gas giant planet formation in rings , 2005 .

[87]  Jason T. Wright,et al.  A Planetary Companion to HD 40979 and Additional Planets Orbiting HD 12661 and HD 38529 , 2003 .

[88]  P. M. Vreeswijk,et al.  Microlensing Constraints on the Frequency of Jupiter-Mass Companions: Analysis of 5 Years of PLANET Photometry , 2001, astro-ph/0104100.

[89]  S. Lubow,et al.  Three-dimensional calculations of high- and low-mass planets embedded in protoplanetary discs , 2003, astro-ph/0301154.

[90]  David P. Bennett,et al.  Detecting Earth-Mass Planets with Gravitational Microlensing , 1996, astro-ph/9603158.

[91]  A. Cameron,et al.  Hydrodynamic instability of the solar nebula in the presence of a planetary core , 1974 .

[92]  Rashid Sunyaev,et al.  Black holes in binary systems. Observational appearance , 1973 .

[93]  David E. Trilling,et al.  Easy Come, Easy Go: Orbital Migration and the Frequency of Giant Planet Formation , 2000 .

[94]  P. Artymowicz.  DYNAMICS OF BINARY AND PLANETARY SYSTEM INTERACTION WITH DISKS: ECCENTRICITY CHANGES , 1992 .

[95]  G. Kuiper.  The Law of Planetary and Satellite Distances. , 1949 .

[96]  Hidekazu Tanaka,et al.  Three-dimensional Interaction between a Planet and an Isothermal Gaseous Disk. II. Eccentricity Waves and Bending Waves , 2004 .

[97]  R. Paul Butler,et al.  DETECTION OF EXTRASOLAR GIANT PLANETS , 1998 .

[98]  J. Papaloizou.  Disc–Planet Interactions: Migration and Resonances in Extrasolar Planetary Systems , 2003 .

[99]  M. Mayor,et al.  An extended upper atmosphere around the extrasolar planet HD209458b , 2003, Nature.

[100]  D. Lin,et al.  Tidal torques on accretion discs in binary systems with extreme mass ratios. , 1979 .

[101]  COLLISIONAL CASCADES IN PLANETESIMAL DISKS. II. EMBEDDED PLANETS , 2003, astro-ph/0309540.

[102]  Disk tides and accretion runaway , 1995 .

[103]  D. Saumon,et al.  The Molecular-Metallic Transition of Hydrogen and the Structure of Jupiter and Saturn , 1992 .

[104]  A. Provenzale,et al.  Forming Planetesimals in Vortices , 1996 .

[105]  D. Frail,et al.  A planetary system around the millisecond pulsar PSR1257 + 12 , 1992, Nature.

[106]  Renu Malhotra,et al.  The origin of Pluto's peculiar orbit , 1995, Nature.

[107]  J.C.B. Papaloizou,et al.  Runaway Migration and the Formation of Hot Jupiters , 2003 .

[108]  J. Papaloizou,et al.  Dynamical relaxation and massive extrasolar planets , 2001 .

[109]  Secular Instability and Planetesimal Formation in the Dust Layer , 1999, astro-ph/9912538.

[110]  H. Mizuno,et al.  Formation of the Giant Planets , 1980 .

[111]  A. G. W. Cameron,et al.  Physics of the primitive solar accretion disk , 1978 .

[112]  Viktor Sergeevich Safronov.  Evoliutsiia doplanetnogo oblaka. , 1969 .

[113]  Stopping inward planetary migration by a toroidal magnetic field , 2003, astro-ph/0301556.

[114]  Evolution of planetary systems in resonance , 2003, astro-ph/0310321.

[115]  J. Hawley,et al.  Instability, turbulence, and enhanced transport in accretion disks , 1997 .

[116]  M. Walker,et al.  Pulsars: problems and progress , 1996 .

[117]  J. Makino,et al.  Scattering of Planetesimals by a Protoplanet: Slowing Down of Runaway Growth , 1993 .

[118]  R. Kallenbach,et al.  From Dust to Terrestrial Planets , 2000 .

[119]  R. Gilliland,et al.  Detection of an Extrasolar Planet Atmosphere , 2001, astro-ph/0111544.

[120]  R. Rebolo,et al.  A Methane, Isolated, Planetary-Mass Object in Orion , 2002, astro-ph/0206353.

[121]  Los Alamos National Laboratory,et al.  Vortices in the Co-orbital Region of an Embedded Protoplanet , 2003, astro-ph/0308358.

[122]  P. Bodenheimer,et al.  Nonaxisymmetric evolution in protostellar disks , 1994 .

[123]  N. Murray,et al.  Planet Migration and Binary Companions: The Case of HD 80606b , 2003, astro-ph/0303010.

[124]  M. Pinsonneault,et al.  The Mass of the Convective Zone in FGK Main-Sequence Stars and the Effect of Accreted Planetary Material on Apparent Metallicity Determinations , 2001, astro-ph/0105257.

[125]  Dynamical relaxation and the orbits of low-mass extrasolar planets , 2002, astro-ph/0203187.

[126]  Models of accreting gas giant protoplanets in protostellar disks , 2004, astro-ph/0412377.

[127]  Planet formation by coagulation: A focus on Uranus and Neptune , 2004, astro-ph/0405215.

[128]  Reversing type II migration: resonance trapping of a lighter giant protoplanet , 2000, astro-ph/0003421.

[129]  D. Korycansky,et al.  Numerical Calculations of the Linear Response of a Gaseous Disk to a Protoplanet , 1993 .

[130]  W. Ward.  Density waves in the solar nebula: Diffential Lindblad torque , 1986 .

[131]  S. Weidenschilling.  Evolution of Grains in a Turbulent Solar Nebula: a Reappraisal , 1984 .

[132]  T. Guillot,et al.  Orbital Evolution and Migration of Giant Planets: Modeling Extrasolar Planets , 1998, astro-ph/9801292.

[133]  Frédérique Motte,et al.  The circumstellar environment of low-mass protostars: A millimeter continuum mapping survey ? , 2001 .

[134]  Bohdan Paczynski,et al.  Gravitational microlensing by double stars and planetary systems , 1991 .

[135]  R. Taam,et al.  Planet Consumption and Stellar Metallicity Enhancements , 1998, astro-ph/9808128.

[136]  D. Lynden-Bell,et al.  The minimum Jeans mass or when fragmentation must stop. , 1976 .

[137]  S. Tremaine,et al.  The excitation of density waves at the Lindblad and corotation resonances by an external potential. , 1979 .

[138]  Francesco Marzari,et al.  Gravitational scattering as a possible origin for giant planets at small stellar distances , 1996, Nature.

[139]  P. Goldreich,et al.  The formation of planetesimals. , 1973 .

[140]  John E. Chambers,et al.  Making the Terrestrial Planets: N-Body Integrations of Planetary Embryos in Three Dimensions , 1998 .

[141]  William R. Ward,et al.  Three-Dimensional Interaction between a Planet and an Isothermal Gaseous Disk. I. Corotation and Lindblad Torques and Planet Migration , 2002 .

[142]  Shu-ichiro Inutsuka,et al.  Does “τ≈1” Terminate the Isothermal Evolution of Collapsing Clouds? , 1999 .

[143]  On the orbital evolution and growth of protoplanets embedded in a gaseous disc , 1999, astro-ph/9911431.

[144]  Gennaro D'Angelo,et al.  The dependence of protoplanet migration rates on co-orbital torques , 2005 .

[145]  The metal-rich nature of stars with planets , 2001, astro-ph/0105216.

[146]  Accelerated planetesimal growth in self-gravitating protoplanetary discs , 2004, astro-ph/0408390.

[147]  R. P. Butler,et al.  Detection of a Neptune-Mass Planet in the ρ1 Cancri System Using the Hobby-Eberly Telescope , 2004, astro-ph/0408585.

[148]  P. Artymowicz.  On the wave excitation and a generalized torque formula for Lindblad resonances excited by external potential , 1993 .

[149]  Richard P. Nelson,et al.  The migration and growth of protoplanets in protostellar discs , 1999, astro-ph/9909486.

[150]  P. Cassen,et al.  Protostellar Disk Instabilities and the Formation of Substellar Companions , 2000 .

[151]  A. Youdin,et al.  Planetesimal Formation by Gravitational Instability , 2002, astro-ph/0207536.