Review of flash design rules for closed-die forgings
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Abstract In an extensive literature review the authors have found 16 different rules or procedures for calculating the flash gap dimensions T (thickness of flash), W (width of flash land) and ratio W/T . These rules were implemented in an application program in an interactive CAD environment. For 10 existing axi-symmetrical industrial forgings, the flash dimensions were calculated with these rules and compared with the flash dimensions actually used to produce these forgings in industry.