Intimate Partner Violence, 1993-2001: (379462004-001)

way as active treatments, we found that active treatments were significantly better than placebo. Creating double blind conditions in trials of counter irritants can be problematic as rubefacients irritate the skin whereas inactive placebos do not. Some studies allowed for this by removing the principle ingredient from the treatment, leaving a placebo vehicle containing some other potentially irritant ingredients. Although the number needed to treat for combined outcomes of trials of this type was greater (worse) than for trials with inactive placebo, the difference was not statistically significant and there was insufficient evidence to draw conclusions.

[1]  Louette R. Johnson Lutjens.  Research , 2006 .

[2]  P. Gøtzsche.  Reporting of outcomes in arthritis trials measured on ordinal and interval scales is inadequate in relation to meta-analysis , 2001, Annals of the rheumatic diseases.

[3]  R. van Haselen,et al.  The efficacy and safety of a homeopathic gel in the treatment of acute low back pain: a multi-centre, randomised, double-blind comparative clinical trial , 2001, British Homeopathic Journal.

[4]  P. Brooks,et al.  Copper‐salicylate gel for pain relief in osteoarthritis: a randomised controlled trial , 1997, The Medical journal of Australia.

[5]  A R Jadad,et al.  Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary? , 1996, Controlled clinical trials.

[6]  Carol M. Ashton,et al.  On the clinically important difference , 1992, ACP Journal Club.

[7]  Juliea Morris,et al.  Statistics in Medicine: Calculating confidence intervals for relative risks (odds ratios) and standardised ratios and rates , 1988, British medical journal.

[8]  K A L'Abbé,et al.  Meta-analysis in clinical research. , 1987, Annals of internal medicine.

[9]  F. Ginsberg,et al.  A Double-Blind Study of Topical Massage with Rado-Salil® Ointment in Mechanical Low-Back Pain , 1987, The Journal of international medical research.

[10]  W. Thiel,et al.  [Percutaneous gel therapy of blunt athletic injuries]. , 1982, Die Medizinische Welt.

[11]  G. Stein,et al.  Trolamine salicylate cream in osteoarthritis of the knee. , 1982, JAMA.

[12]  O. Geller.  [Comparison of a salicylate-heparin gel with a monosubstance preparation. Results of a double-blind cross-over study]. , 1980, MMW, Munchener medizinische Wochenschrift.

[13]  P. Fotiades,et al.  [Enelbin rheumatism ointment in rheumatic diseases. Results of a double-blind study for the determination of efficacy]. , 1979, Fortschritte der Medizin.

[14]  J. Vane,et al.  Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis as a mechanism of action for aspirin-like drugs. , 1971, Nature: New biology.

[15]  A. Lester.  Management of sprained ankles. A double-blind study. , 1981, The Practitioner.