Cycle characterizations of LiMxMn2-xO4 (M = Co, Ni) materials for lithium secondary battery at wide voltage region

LiMxMn2−xO4 (M=Co, Ni) materials have been synthesized by a melt-impregnation method using γ-MnOOH as the manganese source. Highly crystallized LiMxMn2−xO4 compounds were synthesized at a calcination temperature of 800°C for 24 h in air. All compounds show a single phase except for LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 based on the X-ray diffraction (XRD) diagram. With the increase of the doping content from 0.1 to 0.5, the capacity of doping materials decreases mainly in the 4 V region. Although LiM0.5Mn1.5O4 (M=Co, Ni) compound shows a small capacity in the (3+4) V region compared with parent LiMn2O4, it is a very effective material in reducing capacity loss in the 3 V region that is caused by the Jahn–Teller distortion. The doping of Co and Ni ions in the LiMn2O4 cathode material promotes the stability of this structure and provides an excellent cyclability.

[1]  M. Yoshio,et al.  Determination of theoretical capacity of metal ion-doped LiMn2O4 as the positive electrode in Li-ion batteries , 1999 .

[2]  Takashi Uchida,et al.  The Spinel Phases LiM y Mn2 − y O 4 (M = Co, Cr, Ni) as the Cathode for Rechargeable Lithium Batteries , 1996 .

[3]  K. Amine,et al.  A New Three‐Volt Spinel Li1 + x Mn1.5Ni0.5 O 4 for Secondary Lithium Batteries , 1996 .

[4]  John B. Goodenough,et al.  LixCoO2 (0, 1980 .

[5]  Tsutomu Ohzuku,et al.  Electrochemistry of Manganese Dioxide in Lithium Nonaqueous Cell , 1990 .

[6]  J. Morales,et al.  Use of Li–M–Mn–O [M=Co, Cr, Ti] spinels prepared by a sol-gel method as cathodes in high-voltage lithium batteries , 1999 .

[7]  Dominique Guyomard,et al.  The carbon/Li1+xMn2O4 system , 1994 .

[8]  M. Yoshio,et al.  Studies on an LiMnO spinel system (obtained by melt-impregnation) as a cathode for 4 V lithium batteries part 1. Synthesis and electrochemical behaviour of LixMn2O4 , 1995 .

[9]  Edward J. Plichta,et al.  A rechargeable Li/LixCoO2 Cell , 1987 .

[10]  M. Yoshio,et al.  Studies on LiMnO spinel system (obtained from melt-impregnation method) as a cathode for 4 V lithium batteries Part II. Optimum spinel from γ-MnOOH , 1995 .

[11]  Michael M. Thackeray,et al.  Improved capacity retention in rechargeable 4 V lithium/lithium- manganese oxide (spinel) cells , 1994 .

[12]  A. D. Kock,et al.  Spinel Electrodes from the Li‐Mn‐O System for Rechargeable Lithium Battery Applications , 1992 .

[13]  J. Tarascon,et al.  THE SPINEL PHASE OF LIMN2O4 AS A CATHODE IN SECONDARY LITHIUM CELLS , 1991 .