French versus Canadian Tourism: Response to the Disabled

Both France and Canada rank as highly developed tourist destinations. This study compares the underexplored area of the needs of tourists who are disabled in France (n = 25) and Canada (n = 24). The authors examine Canada’s and France’s accommodation to both domestic and international tourists who have disabilities, giving the study a unique perspective in comparing and contrasting results to the same questions across similar populations in two countries. The results indicate that neither country’s tourism industry has developed an effective policy to accommodate tourists who have disabilities indicated by significant barriers existing that exclude segments of the disabled population. This article takes the words of those with disabilities to recommend steps necessary to improve the tourism opportunities with this population.

[1]  J. J. Burnett,et al.  Assessing the Travel-Related Behaviors of the Mobility-Disabled Consumer , 2001 .

[2]  The Methuselah market , 1985 .

[3]  Linamara Rizzo Battistella,et al.  Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade (CIF) , 2002, Acta Fisiátrica.

[4]  J. Swarbrooke Chapter 4 – The adventure tourism market , 2003 .

[5]  Dimitrios Buhalis Tomorrow's Tourist – Scenarios and Trends , 2010 .

[6]  R. Sauve,et al.  Province-based study of neurologic disability of children weighing 500 through 1249 grams at birth in relation to neonatal cerebral ultrasound findings. , 1995, Pediatrics.

[7]  M. Joppe Optimizing tourism destination development in Canada , 2003 .

[8]  H. Hughes Holidays and the economically disadvantaged. , 1991 .

[9]  Bob McKercher,et al.  How Special Is Special Interest Tourism? , 2005 .

[10]  Gaël Bonnin,et al.  Une étude comparative des systèmes proxémiques français et tunisiens , 2004 .

[11]  C. Gee,et al.  International Tourism: A Global Perspective , 1997 .

[12]  T. Coles,et al.  Disability, holiday making and the tourism industry in the UK: a preliminary survey , 2004 .

[13]  Tim Dixon,et al.  Access to historic environments for tourists with disabilities: a compromise? , 2005 .

[14]  Ralph W. Smith Leisure of disable tourists: Barriers to participation , 1987 .

[15]  S H Teo,et al.  The stigma of mental illness. , 1978, The Nursing journal of Singapore.

[16]  Graham Miller,et al.  The Disability Discrimination Act: Time for the Stick? , 2002 .

[17]  R. Abeyratne Proposals and Guidelines for the Carriage of Elderly and Disabled Persons by Air , 1995 .

[18]  J. Glorieux,et al.  Neonatal survival and disability rate at age 18 months for infants born between 23 and 28 weeks of gestation. , 1996, American journal of obstetrics and gynecology.

[19]  Eleni Michopoulou,et al.  Enabling access to tourism through information schemes , 2008 .

[20]  V. Kirkbride,et al.  Very preterm infants at fourteen years: relationship with neonatal ultrasound brain scans and neurodevelopmental status at one year , 1996, Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). Supplement.

[21]  Alexander von Eye,et al.  Nature and process of leisure constraints: An empirical test , 1993 .

[22]  Peggy Aycinena Access for all , 2008, CACM.

[23]  G. Godbey,et al.  Reconceptualizing barriers to family leisure , 1987 .

[24]  Gillian Hovell,et al.  Body language , 1997, Nature.

[25]  J. Haukeland Non-travelers: The flip side of motivation , 1990 .

[26]  C. Beard,et al.  Adventure Tourism: The New Frontier , 2003 .

[27]  E. Hastings The Experience of Disability , 1981 .

[28]  D. Fost The fun factor: marketing recreation to the disabled. , 1998, American demographics.

[29]  Alfons Trompenaars,et al.  Riding the Waves of Culture: Understanding Diversity in Global Business , 1993 .

[30]  F. Dimanche Cross-cultural tourism marketing research: an assessment and recommendations for future studies. , 1994 .

[31]  William L. Richter,et al.  Ethics Challenges: Health, Safety and Accessibility in International Travel and Tourism , 1999 .

[32]  Chang Huh,et al.  Families Travelling with a Disabled Member: Analysing the Potential of an Emerging Niche Market Segment , 2007 .

[33]  C. Wang Culture, meaning and disability: injury prevention campaigns and the production of stigma. , 1992, Social science & medicine.

[34]  Catherine Terburgh Experience with disability , 1995 .

[35]  D. Gilbert,et al.  HOLIDAYTAKING AND THE SENSE OF WELL-BEING , 2004 .

[36]  Patrick T.I. Lam,et al.  Travel agents as facilitators or inhibitors of travel: perceptions of people with disabilities. , 2003 .

[37]  Kara Shultz Darla Germeroth,et al.  Should We Laugh or Should We Cry? John Callahan's Humor as a Tool to Change Societal Attitudes Toward Disability , 1998 .

[38]  C. Wilson,et al.  Access for all. , 2007, Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien.

[39]  Assessing discrimination: An application of social judgment technology. , 1980 .

[40]  P. Kotler Marketing Management: Analysis, Planning, Implementation and Control , 1972 .

[41]  P. Hunter-Jones Young people, holiday-taking and cancer - an exploratory analysis. , 2004 .

[42]  Jennifer Hubbard,et al.  Testing Competing Models of the Leisure Constraint Negotiation Process in a Corporate Employee Recreation Setting , 2001 .

[43]  Mark Deal,et al.  Disabled people's attitudes toward other impairment groups: a hierarchy of impairments , 2003 .

[44]  Harry C. Triandis,et al.  The Instability of Response Sets , 1985 .

[45]  A. V. Seaton,et al.  The family vacation in Europe: paedonomic aspects of choices and satisfactions. , 1995 .

[46]  Aviad A. Israeli,et al.  A Preliminary Investigation of the Importance of Site Accessibility Factors for Disabled Tourists , 2002 .

[47]  P. Kotler,et al.  Marketing management : analysis, planning, and control , 1973 .

[48]  G. Godbey,et al.  A HIERARCHICAL MODEL OF LEISURE CONSTRAINTS , 1991 .

[49]  Pallab Paul,et al.  Assessing the Media Habits and Needs of the Mobility-Disabled Consumer , 1996 .

[50]  Diane M. Samdahl,et al.  A Critique of Leisure Constraints: Comparative Analyses and Understandings , 1997 .

[51]  J. Tribe The truth about tourism , 2006 .

[52]  Yüksel Öztürk,et al.  Is the Turkish tourism industry ready for a disabled customer's market?: The views of hotel and travel agency managers , 2008 .

[53]  M. O'Neill,et al.  Disability Tourism Dollars in Western Australia Hotels , 2000 .

[54]  Margaret J. Daniels,et al.  “Travel Tales”: an interpretive analysis of constraints and negotiations to pleasure travel as experienced by persons with physical disabilities , 2005 .

[55]  J. Mactavish,et al.  Re-injecting spontaneity and balance in family life: parents' perspectives on recreation in families that include children with developmental disability. , 2004, Journal of intellectual disability research : JIDR.

[56]  R. Berthoud,et al.  The Economic Problems of Disabled People , 1993 .

[57]  Nina M. Ray,et al.  “Ebilities” tourism: an exploratory discussion of the travel needs and motivations of the mobility-disabled , 2003 .

[58]  Rama Yelkur,et al.  Gender Differences in Service Quality Expectations in the Fast Food Industry , 2006 .

[59]  恵子 紀国谷 国際生活機能分類(International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health: ICF)にみた福祉・保健・医療の専門職協働における連携に関する貢献と課題 , 2007 .

[60]  Gyan P. Nyaupane,et al.  Understanding Travel Constraints: Application and Extension of a Leisure Constraints Model , 2008 .

[61]  K. MacKay,et al.  Family Caregivers of Individuals with Intellectual Disability: Perspectives on Life Quality and the Role of Vacations , 2007 .

[62]  Richard H. Beinecke Introduction: Leadership for Wicked Problems , 2009 .

[63]  A. Tynan,et al.  Market Segmentation , 2018, Entrepreneurial Management Theory and Practice.

[64]  David Scott,et al.  The problematic nature of participation in contract bridge: A qualitative study of group‐related constraints , 1991 .

[65]  A. Woodside,et al.  Impact of Physical and Mental Handicaps on Vacation Travel Behavior , 1980 .

[66]  D. Snepenger,et al.  Family Decision Making And Tourism Behavior And Attitudes , 1988 .

[67]  David Tonks,et al.  Validity and the design of market segments , 2009 .

[68]  Shane Pegg,et al.  Travelers and tourists with disabilities: a matter of priorities and loyalties. , 2005 .

[69]  Simon Darcy,et al.  PERSONAL AND SOCIETAL ATTITUDES TO DISABILITY , 2005 .

[70]  E. Goffman Stigma; Notes On The Management Of Spoiled Identity , 1964 .

[71]  Adam M. Samaha,et al.  What Good is the Social Model of Disability? , 2007 .

[72]  P. Corrigan How stigma interferes with mental health care. , 2004, The American psychologist.