Monitoring the Integrity of low‐pressure membranes

The main force driving the burgeoning use of low-pressure membranes in the drinking water industry has been their ability to remove microbial pathogens to meet stringent water quality regulations. However, the microorganism removal efficacy of low-pressure membranes may be adversely affected by the lack of membrane integrity. Over the past two decades, membrane manufacturers have developed various direct and indirect tests for monitoring the integrity of low-pressure membranes. Many states currently require such tests to be conducted on a regular basis. The most widely used practice in the membrane water treatment industry is the use of the pressure hold (i.e., pressure decay) test for detecting minor breaches of membrane integrity; particle counting and/or turbidity monitoring are used to meet regulatory requirements and to detect more pronounced breaches in membrane integrity. This article summarizes the current state of knowledge about integrity monitoring methods for membrane filtration systems.

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