Global health policies that support the use of banked donor human milk: a human rights issue

This review examines the role of donor human milk banking in international human rights documents and global health policies. For countries looking to improve child health, promotion, protection and support of donor human milk banks has an important role to play for the most vulnerable of infants and children. This review is based on qualitative triangulation research conducted for a doctoral dissertation. The three methods used in triangulation were 1) writing as a method of inquiry, 2) an integrative research review, and 3) personal experience and knowledge of the topic. Discussion of the international human rights documents and global health policies shows that there is a wealth of documentation to support promotion, protection and support of donor milk banking as an integral part of child health and survival. By utilizing these policy documents, health ministries, professional associations, and donor milk banking associations can find rationales for establishing, increasing or continuing to provide milk banking services in any country, and thereby improve the health of children and future generations of adults.

[1]  P. Brocklehurst,et al.  Donor breast milk versus infant formula for preterm infants: systematic review and meta-analysis , 2006, Archives of Disease in Childhood - Fetal and Neonatal Edition.

[2]  N. Bar-yam Breastfeeding and Human Rights: Is there a Right to Breastfeed? Is there a Right to be Breastfed? , 2003, Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association.

[3]  Mercedes Onis,et al.  WHO Child Growth Standards based on length/height, weight and age , 2006, Acta paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992). Supplement.

[4]  Edward Baer,et al.  Infant and young child feeding: an analysis of the WHO/UNICEF meeting. , 1980, Studies in family planning.

[5]  T. Cole,et al.  Breast milk and neonatal necrotising enterocolitis , 1990, The Lancet.

[6]  Lynn Rieger-Schemel Protecting, Promoting and Supporting Breastfeeding: The Special Role of Maternity Services , 1989 .

[7]  S. Springer Human Milk Banking in Germany , 1997, Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association.

[8]  C. Berseth,et al.  Impact of necrotizing enterocolitis on length of stay and hospital charges in very low birth weight infants. , 2002, Pediatrics.

[9]  L. Arnold The Cost-effectiveness of Using Banked Donor Milk in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis , 2002, Journal of human lactation : official journal of International Lactation Consultant Association.

[10]  Indira Narayanan,et al.  RANDOMISED CONTROLLED TRIAL OF EFFECT OF RAW AND HOLDER PASTEURISED HUMAN MILK AND OF FORMULA SUPPLEMENTS ON INCIDENCE OF NEONATAL INFECTION , 1984, The Lancet.

[11]  D. Stevenson,et al.  Clinical uses, collection, and banking of human milk. , 1987, Clinics in perinatology.

[12]  United Nations: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights , 1967, American Journal of International Law.

[13]  Organización Mundial de la Salud HIV and infant feeding: a guide for health care managers and supervisors , 1998 .

[14]  United Nations: Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women , 1980, International Legal Materials.

[15]  T. Greiner Arusha meeting outcomes. Working Session on UNICEF and the Global Strategy on Infant and Young Child Feeding (GSIYCF)Understanding the Past-Planning the Future, UNICEF New York City, 8-10 April. , 2003 .

[16]  J. Riordan,et al.  Breastfeeding and Human Lactation , 1993 .

[17]  J. Morsink,et al.  The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Origins, Drafting, and Intent , 1999 .

[18]  F. Delano United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights , 1952, Nature.

[19]  J. Smith Breastfeeding and Human Lactation, 3rd Edition , 2005 .

[20]  P. Bidinger,et al.  No need for water supplementation for exclusively breast-fed infants under hot and arid conditions. , 1990, Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene.

[21]  Distr Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women , 1995, Human Rights and Disabled Persons.

[22]  Robert E Black,et al.  Where and why are 10 million children dying every year? , 2003, The Lancet.

[23]  S. Patton,et al.  B – Particulate Constituents in Human and Bovine Milks , 1995 .

[24]  Carol Bellamy,et al.  'The state of the world's children'. , 1985, People Count.

[25]  W. Sullivan,et al.  The Globalization of Ethics: Universal Declaration of Human Rights , 2007 .

[26]  Global Programme on Aids Consensus statement from the WHO/UNICEF Consultation on HIV Transmission and Breast-Feeding : Geneva, 30 April-1 May 1992 , 1992 .

[27]  W. McGuire,et al.  Donor human milk versus formula for preventing necrotising enterocolitis in preterm infants: systematic review , 2003, Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition.

[28]  D. Mcgoldrick THE UNITED NATIONS CONVENTION ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD , 1991 .

[29]  S. SVIRSKY-GROSS Pathogenic strains of coli (0,111) among prematures and the use of human milk in controlling the outbreak of diarrhea. , 1958, Annales paediatrici. International review of pediatrics.

[30]  Cynthia Price Cohen,et al.  United Nations: Convention on the Rights of the Child , 1989, International Legal Materials.

[31]  J. A. D. De Almeida,et al.  [Breastfeeding: a nature-culture hybrid]. , 2004, Jornal de pediatria.

[32]  A. Goldman,et al.  Breastfeeding: maintaining an irreplaceable immunological resource , 2004, Nature Reviews Immunology.

[33]  Geneva April WHO - UNAIDS - UNICEF Technical Consultation on HIV and Infant Feeding , 1998 .

[34]  Jonathan Gorman,et al.  Rights and Reason: United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights , 2003 .

[35]  Robert G. Jensen,et al.  Handbook of milk composition , 1995 .

[36]  Fayeeza Kathree Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women , 1995 .