In the course of assessment of epidemiological situation around the world in 2015, established has been the tendency to incidence rate reduction, with the annual average tempo - 10.225 % (in reference to 2006). For the first time ever, defined has been equivalent epidemiological year in case of cholera within an interval between 2014-2015.The key epidemiological risks of infection transmission globally are still inter-state (Africa, Asia) and extra-continental imports of cholera from the Caribbean (Cuba) and Asia into America (Canada) and Europe (Great Britain, Italy, Belgium, and Germany), which took place in 2015 too. Identified have been 21 endemic administrative territories in eight countries of Africa, America, the Caribbean, and Asia. Epidemiological complications are mainly caused by V. cholerae O1, biovar El Tor, producing cholera toxin of classical type, as well as by V. cholerae O1, classical biovar, and V. cholerae O139 serogroup. Epidemic manifestations of cholera in the Russian Federation are characterized by import of the infection by citizens returning from abroad; the isolation from surface water bodies of V. cholerae O1, biovar El Tor ctxA - tcpA - , ctxA - tcpA + and V. cholerae O139 ctxA - and tcpA - , as well as of single V. cholerae O1, biovar El Tor ctxA + tcpA + . Forecast on cholera world-wide and in Russia for 2016 remains unfavorable.