Dual-Impulse Response Model for the Acoustic Emission Produced by a Spall and the Size Evaluation in Rolling Element Bearings

The size of the spalling area has a significant influence on the operation performance and the remaining useful life of rolling element bearings. Therefore, spall size estimation is of great importance to the bearing performance degradation assessment and the life prediction. In this paper, the acoustic emission (AE) signal is used to evaluate the size of a single spall, considering the sensitivity of the AE signal to the incipient fault detection. First, based on the hypothesis that the AE signal is composed of two events for each passage of the rolling element across the spall, an analytical model, named as dual-impulse response model, is developed to describe the AE signal. Then, an averaged dual-impulse interval determining method is proposed to evaluate the spall size. Finally, simulations and experiments are carried out to validate the proposed model and method. It is indicated that the proposed model describes the collected AE signals more satisfactorily than the traditional vibration model involving only a single-impulse response. Compared with the method performed by averaging real cepstra of the dual-impulse segments, the proposed method is more powerful in the inner and outer spall size estimation tests.

[1]  S. Al-Dossary,et al.  Observations of changes in acoustic emission waveform for varying seeded defect sizes in a rolling element bearing , 2009 .

[2]  P. D. McFadden,et al.  Model for the vibration produced by a single point defect in a rolling element bearing , 1984 .

[3]  Jérôme Antoni,et al.  Detection of signal component modulations using modulation intensity distribution , 2012 .

[4]  Bertrand Raison,et al.  Models for bearing damage detection in induction motors using stator current monitoring , 2008, 2004 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics.

[5]  T.G. Habetler,et al.  Fault-signature modeling and detection of inner-race bearing faults , 2006, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications.

[6]  David,et al.  A comparative experimental study on the use of acoustic emission and vibration analysis for bearing defect identification and estimation of defect size , 2006 .

[7]  Fanrang Kong,et al.  Adaptive Multiscale Noise Tuning Stochastic Resonance for Health Diagnosis of Rolling Element Bearings , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement.

[8]  Tommy W. S. Chow,et al.  Motor Bearing Fault Diagnosis Using Trace Ratio Linear Discriminant Analysis , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[9]  Tomasz Barszcz,et al.  A novel method for the optimal band selection for vibration signal demodulation and comparison with the Kurtogram , 2011 .

[10]  A. Miraoui,et al.  Detection of faults in PMSM using Field Reconstruction Method and Mechanical Impulse Response , 2011, 2011 Twenty-Sixth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC).

[11]  Robert B. Randall,et al.  A Stochastic Model for Simulation and Diagnostics of Rolling Element Bearings With Localized Faults , 2003 .

[12]  Myeongsu Kang,et al.  High-Performance and Energy-Efficient Fault Diagnosis Using Effective Envelope Analysis and Denoising on a General-Purpose Graphics Processing Unit , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[13]  Myeongsu Kang,et al.  Reliable Fault Diagnosis for Low-Speed Bearings Using Individually Trained Support Vector Machines With Kernel Discriminative Feature Analysis , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[14]  K. K. Deb.  Dynamics of the pianoforte string and hammer , 1972 .

[15]  David,et al.  A comparative experimental study on the diagnostic and prognostic capabilities of acoustics emission, vibration and spectrometric oil analysis for spur gears , 2007 .

[16]  Dimitri Torregrossa,et al.  Prediction of Acoustic Noise and Torque Pulsation in PM Synchronous Machines With Static Eccentricity and Partial Demagnetization Using Field Reconstruction Method , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[17]  Alberto Bellini,et al.  Bearing Fault Model for Induction Motor With Externally Induced Vibration , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[18]  Juncheng Liu,et al.  The fault diagnosis of rolling bearing in gearbox of wind turbines based on second generation wavelet , 2014, 2014 International Conference on Wavelet Analysis and Pattern Recognition.

[19]  Claude Delpha,et al.  Improved Fault Diagnosis of Ball Bearings Based on the Global Spectrum of Vibration Signals , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion.

[20]  Peter W. Tse,et al.  The design of a new sparsogram for fast bearing fault diagnosis: Part 1 of the two related manuscripts that have a joint title as “Two automatic vibration-based fault diagnostic methods using the novel sparsity measurement – Parts 1 and 2” , 2013 .

[21]  Erik Leandro Bonaldi,et al.  Detection of Localized Bearing Faults in Induction Machines by Spectral Kurtosis and Envelope Analysis of Stator Current , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[22]  Bhim Singh,et al.  Investigation of Vibration Signatures for Multiple Fault Diagnosis in Variable Frequency Drives Using Complex Wavelets , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics.

[23]  B. Eftekharnejad,et al.  The application of spectral kurtosis on Acoustic Emission and vibrations from a defective bearing , 2011 .

[24]  Wei Qiao,et al.  Bearing Fault Diagnosis for Direct-Drive Wind Turbines via Current-Demodulated Signals , 2013, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[25]  J. Antoni.  Cyclic spectral analysis of rolling-element bearing signals : Facts and fictions , 2007 .

[26]  Selin Aviyente,et al.  Extended Kalman Filtering for Remaining-Useful-Life Estimation of Bearings , 2015, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics.

[27]  Robert B. Randall,et al.  Rolling element bearing diagnostics—A tutorial , 2011 .

[28]  Robert B. Randall,et al.  THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SPECTRAL CORRELATION AND ENVELOPE ANALYSIS IN THE DIAGNOSTICS OF BEARING FAULTS AND OTHER CYCLOSTATIONARY MACHINE SIGNALS , 2001 .

[29]  Robert B. Randall,et al.  Vibration response of spalled rolling element bearings: Observations, simulations and signal processing techniques to track the spall size , 2011 .

[30]  Guillermo Bossio,et al.  Bearing Fault Detection in Wind Turbines with Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines , 2014, IEEE Latin America Transactions.

[31]  M. Elforjani,et al.  Accelerated natural fault diagnosis in slow speed bearings with Acoustic Emission , 2010 .