Deterministic bidirectional communication and remote entanglement generation between superconducting qubits

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an efficient scheme for bidirectional and deterministic photonic communication between two remote superconducting modules. The two chips, each consists of a transmon, are connected through a one-meter long coaxial cable that is coupled to a dedicated “communication” resonator on each chip. The two communication resonators hybridize with a mode of the cable to form a dark “communication mode” that is highly immune to decay in the coaxial cable. We overcome the various restrictions of quantum communication channels established by other recent approaches in deterministic communication for superconducting qubits. Our approach enables bidirectional communication, and eliminates the high insertion loss and large volume footprint of circulators. We modulate the transmon frequency via a parametric drive to generate sideband interactions between the transmon and the communication mode. We demonstrate bidirectional single-photon transfer with a success probability exceeding 60%, and generate an entangled Bell pair with a fidelity of 79.3 ± 0.3%.Superconducting circuits: Quantum computing modules get wiredQuantum information can be passed between qubit devices by using nonlinear interactions to control transmission through a connecting cable. The construction of quantum networks and larger-scale quantum computers requires interconnections that can coherently transfer quantum information over long distances and between separate computing modules. Recent experiments have used controlled emission and absorption of microwave photons to produce one-way transmission between superconducting circuits. Nelson Leung and Yao Lu from the University of Chicago, with collaborators in the USA, have demonstrated two-way communication through a one-metre long coaxial cable. Manipulating the nonlinearities of their superconducting circuits via external controls allows the coupling between the qubits and the cable, and hence the inter-module transmission, to be turned on and off as necessary. This approach avoids some of the drawbacks of other quantum communication solutions with one-way transmission.

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