Geometric morphometric analysis of a new Miocene bumble bee from the Randeck Maar of southwestern Germany (Hymenoptera: Apidae)

The first fossil bumble bee (Apinae: Bombini) from the Miocene Randeck Maar of southwestern Germany is described and illustrated. The specimen is subjected to a geometric morphometric analysis along with a diversity of other bumble bee species representing most major extant lineages, and particularly the subgenus Bombus s.s. The morphometric analysis supports the placement of the Randeck Maar species within Bombus s.s., as a species distinct from all others in the subgenus. It shows that extant subgenera of bumblebees were already derived in the early/middle Miocene. The Randeck Maar fossil is formally described as Bombus (Bombus) randeckensis Wappler & Engel sp. n..

[1]  D. Michez,et al.  Taxonomic affinity of halictid bee fossils (Hymenoptera: Anthophila) based on geometric morphometrics analyses of wing shape , 2012 .

[2]  Paul H. Williams,et al.  Unveiling cryptic species of the bumblebee subgenus Bombus s. str. worldwide with COI barcodes (Hymenoptera: Apidae) , 2012 .

[3]  T. Wappler,et al.  Plant–arthropod associations from the Early Miocene of the Most Basin in North Bohemia—Palaeoecological and palaeoclimatological implications , 2012 .

[4]  J. An,et al.  The bumblebees of the subgenus Subterraneobombus: integrating evidence from morphology and DNA barcodes (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus) , 2011 .

[5]  Chi-Wu Wang.  The Forests Of China: With A Survey Of Grassland And Desert Vegetation , 2011 .

[6]  Benjamin L. de Bivort,et al.  Phylogenetic signal in morphometric data , 2011, Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society.

[7]  M. Virant-Doberlet,et al.  Identification of Bombus species based on wing venation structure , 2011, Apidologie.

[8]  M. Engel,et al.  Miocene honey bees from the Randeck Maar of southwestern Germany (Hymenoptera, Apidae) , 2011, ZooKeys.

[9]  P. Goloboff,et al.  Phylogenetic morphometrics (II): algorithms for landmark optimization , 2011, Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society.

[10]  A. Bertsch.  A phylogenetic framework for the bumblebee species of the subgenus Bombus sensu stricto based on mitochondrial DNA markers, with a short description of the neglected taxon B. minshanicola Bischoff, 1936 n. status. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus). , 2010 .

[11]  C. Chanchao,et al.  Gender and Species Identification of Four Native Honey Bees (Apidae: Apis) in Thailand Based on Wing Morphometic Analysis , 2010 .

[12]  P. Goloboff,et al.  Phylogenetic morphometrics (I): the use of landmark data in a phylogenetic framework , 2010, Cladistics : the international journal of the Willi Hennig Society.

[13]  Gerhard K. H. Przemeck,et al.  A phylogenetic framework for the North American bumblebee species of the subgenus Bombus sensu stricto (Bombus affinis, B. franklini, B. moderatus, B. occidentalis & B. terricola) based on mitochondrial DNA markers. (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus). , 2010 .

[14]  Gerhard K. H. Przemeck,et al.  Phylogenetic relationships of the bumblebees Bombus moderatus, B. albocinctus, B. burjaeticus, B. florilegus and B. cryptarum based on mitochondrial DNA markers: a complex of closely related taxa with circumpolar distribution (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus). , 2010 .

[15]  Paul H. Williams,et al.  The bumblebees of Sichuan (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini) , 2009 .

[16]  D. Michez,et al.  New fossil evidence of the early diversification of bees: Paleohabropoda oudardi from the French Paleocene (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Anthophorini) , 2009 .

[17]  V. Imperatriz-Fonseca,et al.  Gender identification of five genera of stingless bees (Apidae, Meliponini) based on wing morphology. , 2009, Genetics and molecular research : GMR.

[18]  Martin Drauschke,et al.  Identification of Africanized honey bees through wing morphometrics: two fast and efficient procedures , 2008, Apidologie.

[19]  Adam Tofilski,et al.  Using geometric morphometrics and standard morphometry to discriminate three honeybee subspecies , 2008, Apidologie.

[20]  T. Murray,et al.  Cryptic species diversity in a widespread bumble bee complex revealed using mitochondrial DNA RFLPs , 2008, Conservation Genetics.

[21]  H. Hines.  Historical biogeography, divergence times, and diversification patterns of bumble bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus). , 2008, Systematic biology.

[22]  D. Michez,et al.  An overview of the Bombus terrestris (L. 1758) subspecies (Hymenoptera: Apidae) , 2008 .

[23]  T. Cockerell.  Fossil Hymenoptera from Florissant, Colorado , 2007 .

[24]  Paul H. Williams,et al.  A comprehensive phylogeny of the bumble bees (Bombus) , 2007 .

[25]  V. Mosbrugger,et al.  Climatic reconstruction at the Miocene Shanwang basin, China, using leaf margin analysis, CLAMP, coexistence approach, and overlapping distribution analysis. , 2007, American journal of botany.

[26]  P. Rasmont,et al.  Landmark based geometric morphometric analysis of wing shape in Sibiricobombus Vogt (Hymenoptera: Apidae: Bombus Latreille) , 2007 .

[27]  Paul H. Williams,et al.  Molecular phylogeny of the bumble bee subgenus Pyrobombus (Hymenoptera : Apidae : Bombus) with insights into gene utility for lower-level analysis , 2006 .

[28]  I. Valterová,et al.  Cephalic secretions of the bumblebee subgenus Sibiricobombus Vogt suggest Bombus niveatus Kriechbaumer and Bombus vorticosus Gerstaecker are conspecific (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Bombus) , 2005 .

[29]  U. Kotthoff,et al.  A NEW FOSSIL HOVERFLY (INSECTA, DIPTERA: SYRPHIDAE) FROM THE RANDECK MAAR (EARLY MIOCENE, SOUTH‐WEST GERMANY) , 2005 .

[30]  E. Pretorius.  Using geometric morphometrics to investigate wing dimorphism in males and females of Hymenoptera – a case study based on the genus Tachysphex Kohl (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae: Larrinae) , 2005 .

[31]  Ulrich Kotthoff.  Uber einige Hymenoptera (Insecta) aus dem Unter-Miozan des Randecker Maars (Schwabische Alb, Sudwestdeutschland) , 2005 .

[32]  A. Titze,et al.  Male labial gland secretions and mitochondrial DNA markers support species status of Bombus cryptarum and B. magnus (Hymenoptera, Apidae) , 2005, Insectes Sociaux.

[33]  Masao Ito,et al.  Phylogeny, historical biogeography, and character evolution in bumble bees (Bombus: Apidae) based on simultaneous analysis of three nuclear gene sequences. , 2004, Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.

[34]  F. James Rohlf,et al.  Geometric morphometrics: Ten years of progress following the ‘revolution’ , 2004 .

[35]  P. Williams,et al.  Phylogeny of bumble bees in the New World subgenus Fervidobombus (Hymenoptera: Apidae): congruence of molecular and morphological data. , 2003, Molecular phylogenetics and evolution.

[36]  A. Cardini.  The geometry of the marmot (rodentia: sciuridae) mandible: phylogeny and patterns of morphological evolution. , 2003, Systematic biology.

[37]  A. Nel,et al.  New Palaeogene bees from Europe and Asia , 2003 .

[38]  F. Rohlf.  Shape Statistics: Procrustes Superimpositions and Tangent Spaces , 1999 .

[39]  P. Williams.  Phylogenetic relationships among bumble bees (Bombus Latr.): a reappraisal of morphological evidence , 1994 .

[40]  D. Kendall.  MORPHOMETRIC TOOLS FOR LANDMARK DATA: GEOMETRY AND BIOLOGY , 1994 .

[41]  F. Rohlf,et al.  A revolution morphometrics. , 1993, Trends in ecology & evolution.

[42]  C. Michener,et al.  Miocene fossil bumble bee from the Soviet Far East with comments on the chronology and distribution of fossil bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) , 1991 .

[43]  M. Krautter,et al.  Remarks on the sedimentation, flora and the paleoclimate of the Randeck Maar (Lower/Middle Miocene, Swabian Alb) , 1991 .

[44]  F. Rohlf,et al.  Extensions of the Procrustes Method for the Optimal Superimposition of Landmarks , 1990 .

[45]  Masao Ito.  Supraspecific Classification of Bumblebees based on the Characters of Male Genitalia , 1986 .

[46]  P. Williams.  A preliminary cladistic investigation of relationships among the bumble bees (Hymenoptera, Apidae) , 1985 .

[47]  J. Gray,et al.  Geochronometry of the Columbia River basalt and associated floras of eastern Washington and western Idaho , 1967 .

[48]  H. M. Raup,et al.  Deciduous Forests of Eastern north America , 1952 .

[49]  T. Cockerell.  II. Hymenoptera and Hemiptera. , 1931 .

[50]  T. Cockerell.  Descriptions and Records of Bees - XL , 1911 .

[51]  Norm Johnson,et al.  Fauna der Cyprisschiefer des Egerer Tertiärbeckens. , 1877 .

[52]  Paul H. Williams,et al.  A simplified subgeneric classification of the bumblebees (genus Bombus) , 2011, Apidologie.

[53]  M. Engel,et al.  Fossil bees and their plant associates , 2011 .

[54]  P. C. Murphey,et al.  FOSSIL FLORA AND STRATIGRAPHY OF THE FLORISSANT FORMATION, COLORADO , 2011 .

[55]  R. Guralnick,et al.  An outline morphometric approach to identifying fossil spiders: A preliminary examination from the Florissant Formation , 2008 .

[56]  Ranz,et al.  World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated — Source link , 2006 .

[57]  Makoto Kato,et al.  Evolution and phylogenetic utility of alignment gaps within intron sequences of three nuclear genes in bumble bees (Bombus). , 2003, Molecular biology and evolution.

[58]  V. Pedersen.  European bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Bombini)- phylogenetic relationships inferred from DNA sequences , 2002 .

[59]  M. Engel.  A MONOGRAPH OF THE BALTIC AMBER BEES AND EVOLUTION OF THE APOIDEA (HYMENOPTERA) , 2001 .

[60]  P. Williams.  An annotated checklist of bumble bees with an analysis of patterns of description (Hymenoptera: Apidae, Bombini) , 1998 .

[61]  J. Zhang,et al.  Miocene Insects and Spiders from Shanwang, Shandong. , 1994 .

[62]  P. Williams.  The bumble bees of the Kashmir Himalaya lHymenopterac Apidaec Bombinir , 1991 .

[63]  J. Zhang.  New fossil species of Apoidea (Insecta, Hymenoptera). , 1990 .

[64]  E. Heizmann.  Die Gattung Cainotherium (Cainotheriidae) im Orleanium und im Astaracium Süddeutschlands , 1983 .

[65]  F. Bachmayer,et al.  Neue Insektenreste aus den Jungtertiären Süsswasser-ablagerungen von Kumi (Insel Euboea, Griechenland) , 1981 .

[66]  J. A. Wolfe.  Temperature parameters of humid to mesic forests of Eastern Asia and relation to forests of other regions of the Northern Hemisphere and Australasia: analysis of temperature data from more than 400 stations in Eastern Asia , 1979 .

[67]  J. Gaudant,et al.  Le bassin lacustre miocène de Bes-Konak (anatolie-turquie): Géologie et introduction a la paléontologie des vertébrés , 1978 .

[68]  H. E. Milliron.  A MONOGRAPH OF THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE BUMBLEBEES (HYMENOPTERA: APIDAE; BOMBINAE). I , 1970 .

[69]  T. Cockerell,et al.  Insects from the Miocene (Latah) of Washington , 1931 .

[70]  F. Unger.  Die fossile Flora von Kumi auf der Insel Euboea. (Mit 17 Tafeln.) , 2022 .