A Dendritic Cell Population Generated by a Fusion of GM-CSF and IL-21 Induces Tumor-Antigen–Specific Immunity

We have previously shown that the fusion of GM-CSF and IL-21 (GIFT-21) possesses a potent immune stimulatory effect on myeloid cells. In this study, we define the effect of GIFT-21 on naive murine monocytes (GIFT-21 dendritic cells [DCs]), which express increased levels of Gr-1, CD45R, MHC class I, CD80, CD86, and CXCR4 and suppress CD11c and MHC class II. Compared with conventional dendritic cells, GIFT-21 DCs produced substantially more CCL2, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-α and induced significantly greater production of IFN-γ by CD8+ T cells in MHC class I-restricted Ag presentation assays. B16 melanoma and D2F2 Neu breast cancer growth was inhibited in mice treated with Ag-naive GIFT-21 DCs. This effect was lost in CD8−/− and CCR2−/− mice and when mice were treated with β2-microglobulin–deficient GIFT-21 DCs, indicating that GIFT-21 DCs migrated to and sampled from the tumors to present tumor Ags to CCL2 recruited CD8+ T cells via MHC class I. We propose that autologous GIFT-21 DCs may serve as a cell therapy platform for the treatment of cancer.

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