Integrated cycle-to-cycle control of exhaust gas temperature, load, and combustion phasing in an HCCI engine

Precise and integrated cycle-to-cycle control of exhaust gas temperature (Texh), load, and combustion phasing is essential for realizing high efficiency Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines with low exhaust emissions. In this paper a model-based control framework is developed for an integrated control of Texh, Indicated Mean Effective Pressure (IMEP), and combustion phasing in an HCCI engine. A discrete Control Oriented Model (COM) is developed to predict the HCCI outputs on a cycle-to-cycle basis and validated against steady-state and transient experimental data from a single cylinder Ricardo engine. The COM provides sufficient accuracy with an average uncertainty of 7 °C, 0.3 bar, and 1.6 CAD for predicting Texh, IMEP and combustion phasing, respectively. In addition, the COM is computationally efficient for real-time HCCI control. A three-input three-output controller is designed using a Discrete Sliding Mode Control (DSMC) method to control Texh, IMEP, and combustion phasing by adjusting the intake manifold pressure, fuel mass flow rate, and ratio of two Primary Reference Fuels (PRFs), respectively. The results indicate the DSMC is capable of maintaining the stability of the engine operation and tracking the desirable HCCI engine outputs, while also rejecting internal disturbances.

[1]  Wu-Chung Su,et al.  An O(T2) boundary layer in sliding mode for sampled-data systems , 2000, IEEE Trans. Autom. Control..

[2]  Fengjun Yan,et al.  Combustion phasing and work output modeling for homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engines , 2014, 2014 American Control Conference.

[3]  Mahdi Shahbakhti,et al.  Physics Based Control Oriented Model for HCCI Combustion Timing , 2010 .

[4]  Bengt Johansson,et al.  Transient Control of a Multi Cylinder HCCI Engine During a Drive Cycle , 2005 .

[5]  H. Elmali,et al.  Sliding mode control with perturbation estimation (SMCPE): a new approach , 1992 .

[6]  J. Christian Gerdes,et al.  Model-Based Control of HCCI Engines Using Exhaust Recompression , 2010, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.

[7]  Mehran Bidarvatan,et al.  Two-Input Two-Output Control of Blended Fuel HCCI Engines , 2013 .

[8]  Stephen M. Erlien,et al.  Multicylinder HCCI Control With Coupled Valve Actuation Using Model Predictive Control , 2013 .

[9]  Zongxuan Sun,et al.  A Control-Oriented Charge Mixing and Two-Zone HCCI Combustion Model , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology.

[10]  Samveg Saxena,et al.  Understanding Loss Mechanisms and Identifying Areas of Improvement for HCCI Engines Using Detailed Exergy Analysis , 2012 .

[11]  J. Gerdes,et al.  Physics-Based Modeling and Control of Residual-Affected HCCI Engines , 2009 .

[12]  Adrian Audet,et al.  Actuator Comparison for Closed Loop Control of HCCIC Combustion Timing , 2009 .

[13]  Erik Hellström,et al.  Model-Based Feedback Control for an Automated Transfer Out of SI Operation During SI to HCCI Transitions in Gasoline Engines , 2012 .

[14]  Nilabh Srivastava,et al.  Optimal Peak Pressure and Exhaust Temperature Tracking Control for a Two-Zone HCCI Engine Model with Mean Burn Duration , 2009 .

[15]  Mehran Bidarvatan,et al.  Model-Based Control of Combustion Phasing in an HCCI Engine , 2012 .

[16]  Mahdi Shahbakhti,et al.  Predicting Start of Combustion Using a Modified Knock Integral Method for an HCCI Engine , 2006 .

[17]  Rolf Johansson,et al.  Hybrid modelling of homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) engine dynamics—a survey , 2007, Int. J. Control.

[18]  Charles Robert Koch,et al.  HCCI combustion timing control with Variable Valve Timing , 2013, 2013 American Control Conference.

[19]  Hans-Erik Ångström,et al.  Integrated Simulation and Engine Test of Closed Loop HCCI Control by aid of Variable Valve Timings , 2003 .

[20]  Rolf Johansson,et al.  Physics-Based Model Predictive Control of HCCI Combustion Phasing Using Fast Thermal Management and VVA , 2012, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.

[21]  M. Shahbakhti,et al.  Experimental study of exhaust temperature variation in a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine , 2010 .

[22]  Mrdjan Jankovic,et al.  Nonlinear Observer-Based Control of Load Transitions in Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition Engines , 2007, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.

[23]  Mehran Bidarvatan,et al.  Optimal Integral State Feedback Control of HCCI Combustion Timing , 2011 .

[24]  G.M. Shaver,et al.  Physics-based closed-loop control of phasing, peak pressure and work output in HCCI engines utilizing variable valve actuation , 2004, Proceedings of the 2004 American Control Conference.

[25]  J. Christian Gerdes,et al.  Modeling cycle-to-cycle dynamics and mode transition in HCCI engines with variable valve actuation , 2006 .

[26]  Mehran Bidarvatan,et al.  Cycle-to-cycle modeling and sliding mode control of blended-fuel HCCI engine , 2014 .

[27]  M. Shahbakhti,et al.  Characterizing the cyclic variability of ignition timing in a homogeneous charge compression ignition engine fuelled with n-heptane/iso-octane blend fuels , 2008 .

[28]  Erik Hellström,et al.  Reducing Cyclic Variability While Regulating Combustion Phasing in a Four-Cylinder HCCI Engine , 2014, IEEE Transactions on Control Systems Technology.

[29]  J. Christian Gerdes,et al.  Model predictive control of HCCI using variable valve actuation and fuel injection , 2012 .

[30]  Gou-Jen Wang,et al.  Discrete sliding mode controller design based on the LQR suboptimal approach with application on ac servo motor , 2006 .

[31]  Kamal Youcef-Toumi,et al.  A Time Delay Controller for Systems with Unknown Dynamics , 1988, 1988 American Control Conference.

[32]  A. Stefanopoulou,et al.  A mean-value model for control of Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI) engines , 2005 .

[33]  Tohru Nakazono,et al.  Oxidation Catalysts for Natural Gas Engine Operating under HCCI or SI Conditions , 2008 .

[34]  Georg Wachtmeister,et al.  Development of a Model-Based HCCI Control Strategy for an Engine with a Fully Variable Valve Train , 2013 .

[35]  Guoming G. Zhu,et al.  A Control-Oriented Two-Zone Charge Mixing Model for HCCI Engines With Experimental Validation Using an Optical Engine , 2014 .

[36]  Gregory M. Shaver,et al.  Physics-Based Modeling and Control of Residual-Affected HCCI , 2013 .

[37]  J. Christian Gerdes,et al.  Modeling and Control of an Exhaust Recompression HCCI Engine Using Split Injection , 2012 .

[38]  Chia-Jui Chiang,et al.  Discrete-time cross-term forwarding design of robust controllers for HCCI engines , 2010, Proceedings of the 2010 American Control Conference.

[39]  Gene F. Franklin,et al.  Digital control of dynamic systems , 1980 .

[40]  Rolf Johansson,et al.  Hybrid Model Predictive Control of Exhaust Recompression Hcci , 2014 .