International expert panel on the use of primary (preoperative) systemic treatment of operable breast cancer: review and recommendations.

Primary systemic therapy (PST) represents the standard of care in patients with locally advanced breast cancer. In addition, there is increasing information on PST in operable breast disease that supports the use of PST in routine practice. However, current regimens and techniques vary. To address this concern, a group of representatives from breast cancer clinical research groups in France, Germany, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the United States reviewed all available data on prospective randomized trials in this setting. Recommendations are made regarding terminology, indications, regimen, diagnosis before treatment, monitoring of efficacy, tumor localization, surgery, pathologic evaluation, and postoperative treatment.

[1]  P. Hurteloup,et al.  Inflammatory Breast Cancer: Pilot Study of Intensive Induction Chemotherapy (FEC‐HD) Results in a High Histologic Response Rate , 1993 .

[2]  B Fisher,et al.  Eight-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy and lumpectomy with or without irradiation in the treatment of breast cancer. , 1989, The New England journal of medicine.

[3]  Christine Solbach,et al.  Identification of high risk breast-cancer patients by gene expression profiling , 2002, The Lancet.

[4]  M. Kaufmann,et al.  Histologische Regression des Mammakarzinoms nach primärer (neoadjuvanter) Chemotherapie , 1994 .

[5]  J. Blohmer,et al.  Primary endpoint analysis of the GEPARDUO study: Comparing dose-dense with sequential adriamycin/docetaxel combination as preoperative chemotherapy (PCHT) in operable breast cancer (T2-3, N0-2, M0) , 2003 .

[6]  C. V. D. van de Velde,et al.  Preoperative chemotherapy in primary operable breast cancer: results from the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer trial 10902. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[7]  L Simpson-Herren,et al.  Effects of surgery on the cell kinetics of residual tumor. , 1976, Cancer treatment reports.

[8]  R. Collins,et al.  Ovarian ablation in early breast cancer: overview of the randomised trials , 1996, The Lancet.

[9]  B Fisher,et al.  Five-year results of a randomized clinical trial comparing total mastectomy and segmental mastectomy with or without radiation in the treatment of breast cancer. , 1985, The New England journal of medicine.

[10]  C. Jacquillat,et al.  Results of neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radiation therapy in the breast‐conserving treatment of 250 patients with all stages of infiltrative breast cancer , 1990, Cancer.

[11]  B. Gusterson,et al.  High complete remission rates with primary neoadjuvant infusional chemotherapy for large early breast cancer. , 1995, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[12]  D. Wickerham,et al.  Effect of preoperative chemotherapy on local-regional disease in women with operable breast cancer: findings from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-18. , 1997, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[13]  Mike Clarke,et al.  Polychemotherapy for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials , 1998, The Lancet.

[14]  G. Hortobagyi,et al.  Clinical course of breast cancer patients with complete pathologic primary tumor and axillary lymph node response to doxorubicin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy. , 1999, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[15]  G. Hortobagyi,et al.  Prospective evaluation of paclitaxel versus combination chemotherapy with fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide as neoadjuvant therapy in patients with operable breast cancer. , 1999, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[16]  J. Dixon,et al.  The effects of neoadjuvant anastrozole (Arimidex) on tumor volume in postmenopausal women with breast cancer: a randomized, double-blind, single-center study. , 2000, Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research.

[17]  G. Calais,et al.  Conservative treatment feasibility with induction chemotherapy, surgery, and radiotherapy for patients with breast carcinoma larger than 3 cm , 1994, Cancer.

[18]  Fiona J Gilbert,et al.  Neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast cancer: significantly enhanced response with docetaxel. , 2002, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[19]  X. Sastre,et al.  Pathological response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy Final results of a prospective randomized trial of 4AT vs 4AC as induction therapy in patients with operable breast cancer using Sataloff classification , 1999 .

[20]  D. L. Berry,et al.  Management of breast cancer during pregnancy using a standardized protocol. , 1999, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[21]  Anna L. Brown,et al.  Effect of preoperative chemotherapy on the outcome of women with operable breast cancer. , 1998, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[22]  M. Baum,et al.  Primary medical (neo-adjuvant) chemotherapy for operable breast cancer. , 1993, European journal of cancer.

[23]  Mike Clarke,et al.  Tamoxifen for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials , 1998, The Lancet.

[24]  M. Kaufmann,et al.  [Current state of chemosensitivity testing of tumors]. , 2008, Deutsche medizinische Wochenschrift.

[25]  B. Asselain,et al.  Neoadjuvant versus adjuvant chemotherapy in premenopausal patients with tumours considered too large for breast conserving surgery: preliminary results of a randomised trial: S6. , 1994, European journal of cancer.

[26]  G. Bonadonna,et al.  Primary chemotherapy in operable breast cancer: eight-year experience at the Milan Cancer Institute. , 1998, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[27]  S Charrier,et al.  Clinical and pathological response to primary chemotherapy in operable breast cancer. , 1997, European journal of cancer.

[28]  A. Luini,et al.  Pre-operative chemotherapy and radiotherapy in breast cancer. , 1998, European journal of cancer.

[29]  A. Vincent-Salomon,et al.  Primary chemotherapy for operable breast cancer: incidence and prognostic significance of ipsilateral breast tumor recurrence after breast-conserving surgery. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[30]  Donald L Weaver,et al.  Revision of the American Joint Committee on Cancer staging system for breast cancer. , 2002, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[31]  E. Mallon,et al.  Optimum number of core biopsies for accurate assessment of histological grade in breast cancer , 2002, The British journal of surgery.

[32]  N. Mantel,et al.  The effect of removal of a "primary" tumor on the development of spontaneous metastases. I. Development of a standardized experimental technic. , 1959, Cancer research.

[33]  J. Vermorken.  Favourable and unfavourable effects on long-term survival of radiotherapy for early breast cancer: an overview of the randomised trials , 2000, The Lancet.

[34]  U. Chetty,et al.  A HUMAN TUMOUR MODEL , 1986, The Lancet.

[35]  A. Luini,et al.  Primary chemotherapy to avoid mastectomy in tumors with diameters of three centimeters or more. , 1990, Journal of the National Cancer Institute.

[36]  G. Palazzoni,et al.  Preoperative radiotherapy in the conservative treatment for breast cancer. , 1997, Rays.

[37]  N Gunduz,et al.  Influence of the interval between primary tumor removal and chemotherapy on kinetics and growth of metastases. , 1983, Cancer research.

[38]  U. Chetty,et al.  Primary systemic therapy for operable breast cancer. , 1991, British Journal of Cancer.

[39]  W. Eiermann,et al.  Dose-dense doxorubicin, docetaxel, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor support with or without tamoxifen as preoperative therapy in patients with operable carcinoma of the breast: a randomized, controlled, open phase IIb study. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[40]  Z. Baloch,et al.  Pathologic response to induction chemotherapy in locally advanced carcinoma of the breast: a determinant of outcome. , 1995, Journal of the American College of Surgeons.

[41]  R. Gelber,et al.  Meeting highlights: International Consensus Panel on the Treatment of Primary Breast Cancer. Seventh International Conference on Adjuvant Therapy of Primary Breast Cancer. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[42]  A. Vincent-Salomon,et al.  Prognostic value of persistent node involvement after neoadjuvant chemotherapy in patients with operable breast cancer , 2000, British Journal of Cancer.

[43]  S. Edge,et al.  Postmastectomy radiotherapy: clinical practice guidelines of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. , 2001, Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology.

[44]  J. Bryant,et al.  Preoperative chemotherapy in patients with operable breast cancer: nine-year results from National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-18. , 2001, Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Monographs.

[45]  N Gunduz,et al.  Effect of surgical removal on the growth and kinetics of residual tumor. , 1979, Cancer research.

[46]  M. Ellis,et al.  Preoperative treatment of postmenopausal breast cancer patients with letrozole: A randomized double-blind multicenter study. , 2001, Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology.