Risk Factors of Traumatic Injuries to the Upper Incisors

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of the upper incisors crown trauma and its relationship to orthodontic anomalies, as well as the influence of age, gender and occlusal characteristics. Material and Methods: In this study 580 subjects (302 boys and 278 girls) between 7 and 15 years were randomly selected from several primary schools in the Republic of Croatia. Following characteristics were examined: frequency of incisor trauma, gender, age, skeletal relationship, incisor exposure, interlabial distance, overjet and maximum vertical opening of the mandible. Results: crown trauma was found in the total of 12.4% frequency. It was more frequent in boys (17.8%) than in girls (6.5%). The most frequent type of trauma was a non-complicated trauma affecting only the enamel (80%). Conclusions: The trauma frequency was not related to the size of the maximum vertical opening of the mandible, to the type of malocclusion and the overjet. Subjects with greater size of interlabial distance and incisors exposure had shown more risk to upper incisor trauma.

[1]  J. Årtun,et al.  Incisor trauma in an adolescent Arab population: prevalence, severity, and occlusal risk factors. , 2005, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[2]  N. Guler,et al.  Clinical investigation of traumatic injuries in Yeditepe University, Turkey during the last 3 years. , 2005, Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology.

[3]  A. Caldas,et al.  Risk factors related to traumatic dental injuries in Brazilian schoolchildren. , 2004, Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology.

[4]  J. Shulman,et al.  The association between incisor trauma and occlusal characteristics in individuals 8-50 years of age. , 2004, Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology.

[5]  Kirsten Staufer,et al.  Effects of Crowding in the Lower Anterior Segment—a Risk Evaluation Depending upon the Degree of Crowding , 2004, Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie.

[6]  R. Jiménez-García,et al.  Prevalence of traumatic crown fractures to permanent incisors in a childhood population: Móstoles, Spain. , 2003, Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology.

[7]  B. Kargul,et al.  Dental trauma in Turkish children, Istanbul. , 2003, Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology.

[8]  I. C. S. Almeida,et al.  Etiology of traumatic dental injuries in 11 to 13-year-old schoolchildren. , 2003, Oral health & preventive dentistry.

[9]  H. Sönmez,et al.  The prevalence of traumatic injuries treated in the pedodontic clinic of Ankara University, Turkey, during 18 months. , 2002, Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology.

[10]  W. Marcenes,et al.  Changes in prevalence and treatment need for traumatic dental injuries among 14-year-old children in Newham, London: a deprived area. , 2002, Community dental health.

[11]  S. Çelenk,et al.  Causes of dental fractures in the early permanent dentition: a retrospective study. , 2002, Journal of endodontics.

[12]  N. Brezniak,et al.  Can maxillary incisor trauma be predicted from cephalometric measurements? , 2001, American journal of orthodontics and dentofacial orthopedics : official publication of the American Association of Orthodontists, its constituent societies, and the American Board of Orthodontics.

[13]  W. Marcenes,et al.  Socio-economic correlates of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors in schoolchildren aged 12 years in Blumenau, Brazil. , 2001, Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology.

[14]  W. Marcenes,et al.  Social deprivation and traumatic dental injuries among 14-year-old schoolchildren in Newham, London. , 2001, Dental traumatology : official publication of International Association for Dental Traumatology.

[15]  N. Brezniak,et al.  Profile of an orthodontic patient at risk of dental trauma. , 2000, Endodontics & dental traumatology.

[16]  A. Jacobson.  A systematic review of the relationship between overjet size and traumatic dental injuries , 2000 .

[17]  W. Marcenes,et al.  Causes and prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of school children aged 12 years in Jaragua do Sul, Brazil. , 2000, International dental journal.

[18]  T. Freer,et al.  Epidemiology of dental trauma: a review of the literature. , 2000, Australian dental journal.

[19]  W. Marcenes,et al.  Epidemiology of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of 9-12-year-old schoolchildren in Damascus, Syria. , 1999, Endodontics & dental traumatology.

[20]  G. Roberts,et al.  Trauma to primary teeth of South African pre-school children. , 1999, Endodontics & dental traumatology.

[21]  M. Catala,et al.  Dental trauma in schoolchildren six to twelve years of age. , 1998, ASDC journal of dentistry for children.

[22]  B. Sheller,et al.  Diagnosis and treatment of dental trauma in a children's hospital. , 1998, Pediatric dentistry.

[23]  T. Baccetti,et al.  Dentofacial characteristics associated with trauma to maxillary incisors in the mixed dentition. , 1998, The Journal of clinical pediatric dentistry.

[24]  E Borssén,et al.  Traumatic dental injuries in a cohort of 16-year-olds in northern Sweden. , 1997, Endodontics & dental traumatology.

[25]  F. J. Hill,et al.  An investigation of dento-alveolar trauma and its treatment in an adolescent population. Part 1: The prevalence and incidence of injuries and the extent and adequacy of treatment received , 1997, British Dental Journal.

[26]  S. Petti,et al.  Traumatic injuries to anterior teeth in Italian schoolchildren: prevalence and risk factors. , 1996, Endodontics & dental traumatology.

[27]  S. McGorray,et al.  Risk factors associated with incisor injury in elementary school children. , 1996, The Angle orthodontist.

[28]  D. Burden.  An investigation of the association between overjet size, lip coverage, and traumatic injury to maxillary incisors. , 1995, European journal of orthodontics.

[29]  J. Onetto,et al.  Dental trauma in children and adolescents in Valparaiso, Chile. , 1994, Endodontics & dental traumatology.

[30]  O. Otuyemi.  Traumatic anterior dental injuries related to incisor overjet and lip competence in 12-year-old Nigerian children. , 1994, International journal of paediatric dentistry.

[31]  N. Zerman,et al.  Traumatic injuries to permanent incisors. , 1993, Endodontics & dental traumatology.

[32]  Kabaloev Ad,et al.  A fourteen-year follow-up study of traumatic injuries to the permanent dentition. , 1989 .

[33]  S. Maréchaux,et al.  A fourteen-year follow-up study of traumatic injuries to the permanent dentition. , 1989, ASDC journal of dentistry for children.

[34]  V. S. Baghdady,et al.  Traumatized Anterior Teeth in Iraqi and Sudanese Children-A Comparative Study , 1981, Journal of dental research.

[35]  S. Ludwig,et al.  Dental Trauma in Children and Adolescents , 1980, Clinical pediatrics.

[36]  D. O'mullane.  Some factors predisposing to injuries of permanent incisors in school children , 1973, British Dental Journal.