ORGANIC TEMPLATE FREE SYNTHESIS OF ZSM11 FROM KAOLINITE CLAY

Synthesis of zeolitic materials from mineral ores, encounter serious challenges due to the presence of inherent impurities with the tendencies of inhibiting formation of desired products. Structure directing agent (SDA) though helps to mitigate this effect, but impact negatively on the environment. Zeolite ZSM11 is a promising catalyst that finds application in area not limited to benzene alkylation, gasoline formation from methanol, conversion of low density polyethene into hydrocarbon, etc. Accordingly, this work present successful synthesis of zeolite ZSM11 from kaolinite clay, seeded with NaY type zeolite and aged for 3-11 days, in an organic template free condition. The used kaolinite clays were sourced from two different mines in Nigeria, namely; Kankara and Onibode. They were both subjected to beneficiation, calcinations, dealumination and the gels formed, had molar composition of 9Na 2 O X 30SiO 2X Al 2 O 3X 225H 2 O. The raw, intermediate and final products were fully characterized using XRD, XRF, BET and SEM/EDX. The prominent XRD peaks for ZSM11 were noticed for Kankara based sample aged for 11 days with seeding/dealuminatedmetakaolin ratio of 0.2wt% having increased crystallinity and purity as crystallization time increases. Seeding/metakaolin ratios of 0.1, 0.15, 0.25 and 0.3 wt% led to formation of composite material, excluding ZSM11. The morphological analysis gave the shape attributed to ZSM11 and the specific surface area was determined to be 412 and 450m 2 /g, for Kankara and Onibode based products, respectively. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njt.v36i2.17

[1]  Yahong Zhang,et al.  Organic template-free synthesis of zeolite mordenite nanocrystals through exotic seed-assisted conversion , 2016 .

[2]  Honghong Yi,et al.  Effects of seeding on the fast crystallization of ZSM-11 microspheres with intergrowth morphology and small particle size , 2016, Journal of Porous Materials.

[3]  S. Zones,et al.  Synthesis of Zeolites via Interzeolite Transformations without Organic Structure-Directing Agents , 2015 .

[4]  Jihong Yu,et al.  Organotemplate-free hydrothermal synthesis of an aluminophosphate molecular sieve with AEN zeotype topology and properties of its derivatives. , 2014, Chemical communications.

[5]  Chaohe Yang,et al.  Hierarchical ZSM-11 with intergrowth structures: Synthesis, characterization and catalytic properties , 2013 .

[6]  Yunqi Liu,et al.  Hierarchical Porous ZSM‐5 Zeolite Synthesized by in situ Zeolitization and Its Coke Deposition Resistance in Aromatization Reaction , 2012 .

[7]  C. Fyfe,et al.  Simple, efficient syntheses of zeolite ZSM-11 (MEL) at temperatures below 100 °C using very dense gels , 2012 .

[8]  Longya Xu,et al.  Organic template-free synthesis of ZSM-5/ZSM-11 co-crystalline zeolite , 2012 .

[9]  O. A. Ajayi,et al.  Synthesis of Zeolite ZSM3 from Faujasite: Effects of Post-synthesis Ageing and Insitu seeding . , 2012 .

[10]  P. Thiravetyan,et al.  Characterization of modified kaolin from the Ranong deposit Thailand by XRD, XRF, SEM, FTIR and EPR techniques , 2011, Clay Minerals.

[11]  Suojiang Zhang,et al.  Characterization and thermal behavior of kaolin , 2011 .

[12]  Feng-Shou Xiao,et al.  Seed-directed synthesis of zeolites with enhanced performance in the absence of organic templates. , 2011, Chemical communications.

[13]  A. Ramírez,et al.  SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH SILICA ZEOLITES FROM COAL FLY ASH (CFA): TWO CASES OF ZEOLITE SYNTHESES FROM THE SAME WASTE MATERIAL. , 2010 .

[14]  Stephen H. Brown.  Zeolites in Catalysis , 2010 .

[15]  M. L. A. Gonçalves,et al.  Effect of zeolite, kaolin and alumina during cracking of heavy petroleum residue evaluated by thermogravimetry , 2009 .

[16]  Whajung Kim,et al.  Influencing factors on rapid crystallization of high silica nano-sized zeolite Y without organic template under atmospheric pressure , 2009 .

[17]  Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry , 2008 .

[18]  C. Fyfe,et al.  Synthesis and characterization of zeolite ZSM-11 with co-templates in hydrothermal system , 2008 .

[19]  M. Valenzuela,et al.  Aging time effect on the synthesis of small crystal LTA zeolites in the absence of organic template , 2007 .

[20]  Halil Kalipci Lar,et al.  Template-Free Synthesis of ZSM-5 Type Zeolite Layers on Porous Alumina Disks , 2007 .

[21]  Feng-Shou Xiao,et al.  Organic Template Free Synthesis of Aluminosilicate Zeolite ECR-1 , 2006 .

[22]  V. Grassian,et al.  High yield method for nanocrystalline zeolite synthesis. , 2005, Chemical communications.

[23]  Stacey I. Zones,et al.  A combustion-free methodology for synthesizing zeolites and zeolite-like materials , 2003, Nature.

[24]  A. Beale,et al.  Direct Hydrothermal Conversion of High-Silica Faujausite and Zeolite β to ZSM-5 and Its Catalytic Performance , 2003 .

[25]  M. Vicente,et al.  Chemical activation of a kaolinite under acid and alkaline conditions , 2002 .

[26]  Michael Hunger,et al.  Template‐Free Synthesis of Zeolite Ferrierite and Characterization of its Acid Sites , 2002 .

[27]  T. Degnan,et al.  Applications of zeolites in petroleum refining , 2000 .

[28]  J. Caro,et al.  ZSM-5 membranes synthesized without organic templates using a seeding technique , 1999 .

[29]  Alexis T. Bell,et al.  Theoretical Analysis of the Thermodynamics of ZSM-11 Zeolite Synthesis , 1997 .

[30]  D. Vollet,et al.  Pore structure characterization of kaolin, metakaolin, and their acid-treated products using small-angle X-ray scattering , 1994 .

[31]  S. Hocevar,et al.  Synthesis of ZSM-5 and ZSM-11 Zeolites With TBA and TBP Cations and Their Structural Characterization , 1989 .

[32]  ポール マツクウイリアムズ ジョン,et al.  Synthesis of crystalline silicate zsm-11 , 1988 .

[33]  Catalytic conversion with crystalline zeolite product constituting ZSM-5/ZSM-11 intermediates , 1981 .