Speech synthesis—A critical review of the state of the art

The present paper is divided into three parts: (a) the synthesizer, (b) control of the synthesizer and (c) use of synthesizers. There is no attempt to give a detailed account of the history of speech synthesis (for this, see: Flanagan, 1965 and Mattingly, 1968), nor any account of the details of computer programming for the control of synthesizers: what this paper is mainly concerned with are the strategies involved in what has become known as “rule synthesis” and the effect of these on the use to which speech synthesis might be put.