Texture coding on arbitrarily shaped image segments : transform methods*

The new generation of image sequence coders - the object-oriented coders-consist in describing the sequence as a set of moving objects, of arbitrary size and shape. This approach allows the development of new object-based functionalities. One of the main problems to be solved in region-based coding is the coding of the texture of the objects. As for the classical block-based coding, a linear transform can be used to eliminate the input signal redundancies. This article describes transform methods for arbitrarily shaped regions of support, classified into two categories : the shape-adaptive methods and the extrapolation methods. The main differences between these two classes are discussed and the points that need further investigation are raised.RésuméLa nouvelle approche en codage d’images animées, dite approche par régions, consiste à considérer l’image comme un ensemble d’objets en mouvement, de tailles et de formes arbitraires. Cette description permet de développer de nouvelles fonctionnalités. Un des principaux problèmes à résoudre dans un codeur orientée régions est le codage de la texture des objets. Comme dans le codage classique par blocs, l’utilisation préalable d’une transformation linéaire permet d’éliminer les redondances du signal et de concentrer l’énergie sur quelques composantes spectrales. Cet article réunit les méthodes d’application d’une transformation linéaire sur un support arbitraire, classées en deux catégories : méthodes adaptées à la forme du support et méthodes d’extrapolation. Les principales différences entre ces deux classes de méthodes sont discutées, et les points qui nécessitent approfondissement sont mis en évidence.

[1]  U. Y. Desai DCT and wavelet based representations of arbitrarily shaped image segments , 1995, Proceedings., International Conference on Image Processing.

[2]  N. Jayant,et al.  Digital Coding of Waveforms: Principles and Applications to Speech and Video , 1990 .

[3]  Thomas Engelhardt,et al.  Coding of arbitrarily shaped image segments based on a generalized orthogonal transform , 1989, Signal Process. Image Commun..

[4]  Luis Torres,et al.  An efficient technique of texture representation in segmentation-based image coding schemes , 1995, Proceedings., International Conference on Image Processing.

[5]  O. J. Morris,et al.  Segmented-image coding: Performance comparison with the discrete cosine transform , 1988 .

[6]  Fabio Lavagetto,et al.  A fast algorithm for region-oriented texture coding , 1994, Proceedings of ICASSP '94. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing.

[7]  Thomas Sikora,et al.  Efficiency of shape-adaptive 2-D transforms for coding of arbitrarily shaped image segments , 1995, IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. Video Technol..

[8]  Bi Mi,et al.  Discrete cosine transform on irregular shape for image coding , 1993, Proceedings of TENCON '93. IEEE Region 10 International Conference on Computers, Communications and Automation.

[9]  I. Donescu,et al.  A shape-adaptive transform for object-based coding , 1996, Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Image Processing.

[10]  R. R. Clarke Transform coding of images , 1985 .

[11]  R. I. Kitney,et al.  Adapting transform coding to texturally segmented images , 1991, [1991] Conference Record of the Twenty-Fifth Asilomar Conference on Signals, Systems & Computers.

[12]  Janusz Konrad,et al.  Region-adaptive transform based on a stochastic model , 1995, Proceedings., International Conference on Image Processing.

[13]  Homer H. Chen,et al.  A block transform coder for arbitrarily shaped image segments , 1994, Proceedings of 1st International Conference on Image Processing.

[14]  Uwe Dr.-Ing. Franke Selective deconvolution: A new approach to extrapolation and spectral analysis of discrete signals , 1987, ICASSP '87. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing.

[15]  Jae S. Lim,et al.  Representing arbitrarily-shaped regions: a case study of overcomplete representations , 1995, Proceedings., International Conference on Image Processing.

[16]  M. Kunt,et al.  Second-generation image-coding techniques , 1985, Proceedings of the IEEE.

[17]  Michael Unser,et al.  Polynomial representation of pictures , 1986 .

[18]  Shih-Fu Chang,et al.  Transform coding of arbitrarily-shaped image segments , 1993, MULTIMEDIA '93.

[19]  Til Aach,et al.  Segment-oriented coding of textured images based on successive approximation , 1994, Proceedings of ICSIPNN '94. International Conference on Speech, Image Processing and Neural Networks.

[20]  Thomas Sikora,et al.  Low complexity shape-adaptive DCT for coding of arbitrarily shaped image segments , 1995, Signal Process. Image Commun..

[21]  Wilfried Philips,et al.  Fast segmented image coding using weakly separable bases , 1994, Proceedings of ICASSP '94. IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing.