Time-Delayed Stabilizing Secondary Load Frequency Control of Shipboard Microgrids

This paper proposes a novel controller for the secondary load frequency control of a shipboard microgrid. The suggested controller is based on the linear matrix inequality technique and the Lyapunov stability theory. In the controller design procedure, the effects of the sensor-to-controller and controller-to-actuator delay communication links are considered, and a robust controller against the delay is proposed by utilizing a Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional. In addition, due to the practical space limitation of a ship, low-space, high-efficient renewable energy sources (RESs), and energy storage systems are considered. Furthermore, a diesel generator and a proton exchange membrane fuel cell are employed to effectively mitigate the frequency oscillations arise by the loads and RES power variations. Finally, to show the merits of the proposed method, several hardware-in-the-loop real-time simulations are performed. Comparison results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach to the state-of-the-art methods.