Factors Influencing Healthy Eating Habits Among College Students: An Application of the Health Belief Model

Poor eating habits are an important public health issue that has large health and economic implications. Many food preferences are established early, but because people make more and more independent eating decisions as they move through adolescence, the transition to independent living during the university days is an important event. To study the phenomenon of food selection, the heath belief model was applied to predict the likelihood of healthy eating among university students. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate the validity of the health belief model (HBM) among 194 students, followed by gender-based analyses. The data strongly supported the HBM. Social change campaign implications are discussed.

[1]  Tara M Cousineau,et al.  A Collaborative Approach to Nutrition Education for College Students , 2004, Journal of American college health : J of ACH.

[2]  T. Baranowski,et al.  Family and child-care provider influences on preschool children's fruit, juice, and vegetable consumption. , 2009, Nutrition reviews.

[3]  L. Rappoport How We Eat: Appetite, Culture, and the Psychology of Food , 2003 .

[4]  American College Health Association-National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA) Spring 2004 Reference Group Data Report (Abridged) , 2006, Journal of American college health : J of ACH.

[5]  J. E. Maddux,et al.  Social cognitive models of health and exercise behavior: An introduction and review of conceptual issues , 1993 .

[6]  T. Horacek,et al.  Students cluster into 4 groups according to the factors influencing their dietary intake. , 1998, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[7]  M. Holbrook,et al.  Age, Sex, and Attitude toward the past as Predictors of Consumers’ Aesthetic Tastes for Cultural Products , 1994 .

[8]  D. Eggett,et al.  College students can benefit by participating in a prepaid meal plan. , 2005, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[9]  J. House,et al.  Definitions of healthy eating among university students. , 2006, Canadian journal of dietetic practice and research : a publication of Dietitians of Canada = Revue canadienne de la pratique et de la recherche en dietetique : une publication des Dietetistes du Canada.

[10]  P. Dubbert,et al.  Promoting Nutrition at the Point of Choice: A Review , 1989, Health education quarterly.

[11]  R. J. Amos,et al.  Adolescents' beliefs about and reasons for using vitamin/mineral supplements. , 1987, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[12]  R. Keith,et al.  Knowledge and use of United States Dietary Goals by university students , 1984 .

[13]  I. Rosenstock Historical Origins of the Health Belief Model , 1974 .

[14]  E. B. Andersen,et al.  Modern factor analysis , 1961 .

[15]  J. Shapiro,et al.  The freshman year of college as a critical period for weight gain: an initial evaluation. , 2003, Eating behaviors.

[16]  R. H. Deusinger,et al.  Weight Changes, Exercise, and Dietary Patterns During Freshman and Sophomore Years of College , 2005, Journal of American college health : J of ACH.

[17]  J. Wardle,et al.  Development of a Measure of the Motives Underlying the Selection of Food: the Food Choice Questionnaire , 1995, Appetite.

[18]  T. Grace Health problems of college students. , 1997, Journal of American college health : J of ACH.

[19]  L. Luecken,et al.  Attachment relationships and health behavior: the mediational role of self-esteem , 2004 .

[20]  R. Goel Obesity: An economic and financial perspective , 2006 .

[21]  Rd HouseJennifer MSc,et al.  Definitions of healthy eating among university students. , 2006 .

[22]  G. Auld,et al.  Expanded health belief model predicts diabetes self-management in college students. , 2001, Journal of nutrition education.

[23]  A. S. Kloeblen,et al.  Understanding the intention to permanently follow a high folate diet among a sample of low-income pregnant women according to the Health Belief Model. , 1999, Health education research.

[24]  K. Glanz,et al.  Why Americans eat what they do: taste, nutrition, cost, convenience, and weight control concerns as influences on food consumption. , 1998, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[25]  Jeffery Sobal,et al.  Commensal eating patterns: a community study , 2003, Appetite.

[26]  K. M. Mooney,et al.  When college students reject food: not just a matter of taste , 2001, Appetite.

[27]  Traci Mann,et al.  From ‘I Wish’ to ‘I Will’: Social-Cognitive Predictors of Behavioral Intentions , 2003, Journal of health psychology.

[28]  Young-Nam Kim,et al.  Few differences found in the typical eating and physical activity habits of lower-level and upper-level university students. , 2005, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[29]  P. Brevard,et al.  Residence of college students affects dietary intake, physical activity, and serum lipid levels. , 1996, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[30]  K. Martin,et al.  Point-of-purchase messages framed in terms of cost, convenience, taste, and energy improve healthful snack selection in a college foodservice setting. , 2001, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[31]  Helen H. Jensen,et al.  An Evaluation of the Health Belief Model for Predicting Perceived and Actual Dietary Quality1 , 1998 .

[32]  F. Chew,et al.  Testing the influence of the health belief model and a television program on nutrition behavior. , 1998, Health communication.

[33]  K. Witte Putting the fear back into fear appeals: The extended parallel process model , 1992 .

[34]  L. Birch Development of food preferences. , 1999, Annual review of nutrition.

[35]  B J Zimmerman,et al.  Self-regulation training enhances dietary self-efficacy and dietary fiber consumption. , 2001, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[36]  R. S. St. Pierre,et al.  Osteoporosis: implications for risk reduction in the college setting. , 1999, Journal of American college health : J of ACH.

[37]  M. Marquis,et al.  Exploring convenience orientation as a food motivation for college students living in residence halls , 2005 .

[38]  D. Kang,et al.  Predictors of health behaviours in college students. , 2004, Journal of advanced nursing.

[39]  E. Victor Leino,et al.  American College Health Association National College Health Assessment (ACHA-NCHA) Spring 2005 Reference Group Data Report (Abridged) , 2006, Journal of American college health : J of ACH.

[40]  S. Thompson Social Learning Theory , 2008 .

[41]  M. Basil Primary News Source Changes: Question Wording, Availability, and Cohort Effects , 1990 .

[42]  Mohan J. Dutta-Bergman Psychographic Profiling of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption: The Role of Health Orientation , 2005 .

[43]  A. Belaski College and university students present a challenge for nutritionists. , 2001, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[44]  K. Kattelmann,et al.  Motivating 18- to 24-year-olds to increase their fruit and vegetable consumption. , 2006, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[45]  Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance: National College Health Risk Behavior Survey--United States, 1995. , 1997, MMWR. CDC surveillance summaries : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. CDC surveillance summaries.

[46]  J. Vickers,et al.  Peer involvement in the nutrition education of college students. , 1992, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[47]  H. Jensen,et al.  Evaluation of the Health Belief Model for Predicting Perceived and Actual Dietary Quality (An) , 1998 .

[48]  E. Finkelstein,et al.  The economics of obesity. , 2010, The American journal of clinical nutrition.

[49]  Emily Dibble,et al.  Internet Use Among Community College Students: Implications in Designing Healthcare Interventions , 2004, Journal of American college health : J of ACH.

[50]  S. Barr Nutrition knowledge of female varsity athletes and university students. , 1987, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[51]  A. Kristal,et al.  Predictors of self-initiated, healthful dietary change. , 2001, Journal of the American Dietetic Association.

[52]  J. Wardle,et al.  Stress and dietary practices in adolescents. , 2003, Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association.

[53]  O. Matvienko,et al.  A college nutrition science course as an intervention to prevent weight gain in female college freshmen. , 2001, Journal of nutrition education.