A Dynamic Routing Protocol for Maximizing Network Lifetime in WSNs with Holes

Extending network lifetime is one of the most critical issues in handling wireless sensor networks. The network lifetime is contributed by three factors: routing path length, control packet overhead and load balance among the nodes. In the literature, many routing protocols have been proposed. However, none of them jointly considers all of these factors, thus they can not solve the network lifetime maximization problem thoroughly. In this paper, we aim at designing a routing protocol whose objective is to minimize the routing path length and the control overhead, while maximizing the load balance. The experiment results show that our proposed protocol strongly outperforms state-of-the-art protocols concerning many metrics including network lifetime, routing path stretch, load balance and control overhead.