Evaluating the legitimacy of platform governance: A review of research and a shared research agenda

This article provides an overview of the key values that we argue should underpin an index of the legitimacy of the governance of online intermediaries. The aim is ultimately to allow scholars to rank the policies and practices of intermediaries against core human rights values and principles of legitimate governance in a way that enables comparison across different intermediaries and over time. This work builds on the efforts of a broad range of researchers already working to systematically investigate the governance of social media platforms and telecommunications intermediaries. In this article, we present our review and analysis of the work that has been carried out to date, using the digital constitutionalism literature to identify opportunities for further research and collaboration.

[1]  C. Thomas The uses and abuses of legitimacy in international law , 2014 .

[2]  S. Burris,et al.  Changes in Governance: A Cross-Disciplinary Review of Current Scholarship , 2008 .

[3]  F. Rue Report of the Special Rapporteur on the promotion and protection of the right to freedom of opinion and expression , 2012 .

[4]  長瀬 修 わかりやすい障害者の権利条約 : 知的障害のある人の権利のために = Convention on the rights of persons with disabilities , 2009 .

[5]  Jack Snyder,et al.  Ranking the world : grading states as a tool of global governance , 2015 .

[6]  L. DeNardis The Emerging Field of Internet Governance , 2010 .

[7]  M. Castells ”Networks of Outrage and Hope. Social Movements in the Internet Age”. , 2019 .

[8]  Frank A. Pasquale,et al.  [89WashLRev0001] The Scored Society: Due Process for Automated Predictions , 2014 .

[9]  Kirsten Gollatz,et al.  Between coordination and regulation: Finding the governance in Internet governance , 2016, New Media Soc..

[10]  Laura DeNardis,et al.  HIDDEN LEVERS OF INTERNET CONTROL , 2012 .

[11]  Nicolas P. Suzor,et al.  Order Supported by Law: The Enforcement of Norms in Virtual Communities , 2012 .

[12]  N. Marechal COMPASS| Ranking Digital Rights: Human Rights, the Internet and the Fifth Estate , 2015 .

[13]  J. Black Decentring Regulation: Understanding the Role of Regulation and Self-Regulation in a ‘Post-Regulatory’ World , 2001 .

[14]  Tamara Shepherd,et al.  Histories of Hating , 2015 .

[15]  Michael Luca,et al.  Digital Discrimination: The Case of Airbnb.com , 2014 .

[16]  Milton L. Mueller Networks and States: The Global Politics of Internet Governance , 2010 .

[17]  Jennifer M. Urban,et al.  Efficient Process or Chilling Effects - Takedown Notices under Section 512 of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act , 2006 .

[18]  Jennifer M. Urban,et al.  Notice and Takedown in Everyday Practice , 2016 .

[19]  Laura DeNardis,et al.  The global war for internet governance , 2014, WebSci '14.

[20]  Sharon Zukin,et al.  The omnivore’s neighborhood? Online restaurant reviews, race, and gentrification , 2017 .

[21]  Sarah T. Roberts Behind the screen: the hidden digital labor of commercial content moderation , 2014 .

[22]  N. York Model form for the submission of communications under the optional protocol to the international covenant on civil and political rights, the convention against torture or the international convention on the elimination of all forms of racial discrimination , 2013, Human Rights Fact Sheet.

[23]  Stephen Hill,et al.  The Turn to Infrastructure in Internet Governance , 2018, Inf. Soc..

[24]  Adrienne Massanari,et al.  #Gamergate and The Fappening: How Reddit’s algorithm, governance, and culture support toxic technocultures , 2017, New Media Soc..

[25]  Rebecca MacKinnon,et al.  Fostering freedom online: the role of internet intermediaries , 2015 .

[26]  Nicholas Diakopoulos,et al.  Algorithmic Accountability , 2015 .

[27]  L. DeNardis Protocol Politics: The Globalization of Internet Governance , 2009 .

[28]  J. Dilevko Hate Crimes in Cyberspace , 2017 .

[29]  J. Ruggie Protect, Respect and Remedy: A Framework for Business and Human Rights , 2008, Innovations: Technology, Governance, Globalization.

[30]  Nicolas P. Suzor,et al.  Evaluating Consent and Legitimacy Amongst Shifting Community Norms: An EVE Online Case Study , 2013 .

[31]  Luca Belli,et al.  Terms of service and human rights: an analysis of online platform contracts , 2016 .

[32]  Orin S. Kerrt Who Controls the Internet ? : Illusions of a Borderless World , 2017 .

[33]  Zeynep Tufekci,et al.  Social Media and the Decision to Participate in Political Protest: Observations From Tahrir Square , 2012 .

[34]  Marian H. Green What We Talk About When We Talk About Indicators: Current Approaches to Human Rights Measurement , 2001 .

[35]  Patrik Wikström,et al.  Regulating ride-sharing in the peer economy , 2015 .

[36]  Ganaele Langlois,et al.  Economies of reputation: the case of revenge porn , 2017 .

[37]  D. Leipziger The Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights , 2015 .

[38]  S. Milan,et al.  Coding and Encoding Rights in Internet Infrastructure. Sociotechnical Imaginaries and Grassroots Ordering in Internet Governance , 2016 .

[39]  D. Woodlock The Abuse of Technology in Domestic Violence and Stalking , 2017, Violence against women.

[40]  Laura Stein Policy and Participation on Social Media: The Cases of YouTube, Facebook, and Wikipedia , 2013 .

[41]  Jean Burgess,et al.  From ‘Broadcast yourself’ to ‘Follow your interests’: Making over social media , 2015 .

[42]  Nicolas Suzor The Role of the Rule of Law in Virtual Communities , 2009 .

[43]  Dennis Redeker,et al.  Towards digital constitutionalism? Mapping attempts to craft an Internet Bill of Rights , 2015 .

[44]  L. DeNardis,et al.  Internet governance by social media platforms , 2015 .