Sol-gel reverse micelle preparation and characterization of N-doped TiO2: Efficient photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue in water under visible light

Abstract A series of N-substituted titanium (IV) 2-ethyl-1,3-hexanediolate Ti(C 32 H 68 O 8 ) precursor were synthesized by the sol–gel reverse micelle (SGRM) method. The ethylene diaminetetraacetic acid (Na 2 EDTA) has been used as a source of nitrogen n species. The obtained solids were calcined at 500 C for 1 h to obtain photoactive phases. The effect of nitrogen content (N/Ti = 0.025; 0.03; 0.05 atomic ratios) is examined. The materials were characterized by XRD, BET, TG/DTA and UV–vis reflectance spectroscopy (DRS). Photocatalytic decolourisation of methylen blue (MB) in aqueous solution was carried out using nano, doped TiO 2 . Experimental results revealed that N/Ti = 0.05 atomic ratio N-doped TiO 2 required shorter irradiation time for complete decolourisation of MB than pure nano TiO 2 and commercial (Degussa P-25) TiO 2 .

[1]  J. Jang,et al.  Formation of crystalline TiO2−xNx and its photocatalytic activity , 2006 .

[2]  E. Stathatos,et al.  Synthesis of nanocrystalline photocatalytic TiO2 thin films and particles using sol–gel method modified with nonionic surfactants , 2006 .

[3]  S. Martin,et al.  Environmental Applications of Semiconductor Photocatalysis , 1995 .

[4]  Yuexiang Li,et al.  Eosin Y-sensitized nitrogen-doped TiO2 for efficient visible light photocatalytic hydrogen evolution , 2008 .

[5]  T. Cajthaml,et al.  Preparation of titania mesoporous materialsusing a surfactant-mediated sol–gel method , 2001 .

[6]  F. Babonneau,et al.  Chemical modification of alkoxide precursors , 1988 .

[7]  A. Morawski,et al.  Solar-light-induced photocatalytic decomposition of two azo dyes on new TiO2 photocatalyst containing nitrogen , 2006 .

[8]  J. Herrmann,et al.  Photocatalytic degradation pathway of methylene blue in water , 2001 .

[9]  J. Herrmann,et al.  PHOTOCATALYTIC DEGRADATION OF VARIOUS TYPES OF DYES (ALIZARIN S, CROCEIN ORANGE G, METHYL RED, CONGO RED, METHYLENE BLUE) IN WATER BY UV-IRRADIATED TITANIA , 2002 .

[10]  Zhengguo Zhang,et al.  Dependence of nitrogen doping on TiO2 precursor annealed under NH3 flow , 2007 .

[11]  David F. Ollis,et al.  Heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of gas-phase organics for air purification: Acetone, 1-butanol, butyraldehyde, formaldehyde, and m-xylene oxidation , 1992 .

[12]  E. Kim,et al.  Effect of calcination on the microstructures of titania nanoparticles prepared in W/O microemulsions , 2002 .

[13]  Sylvie Rossignol,et al.  Synthesis and solid characterization of nitrogen and sulfur-doped TiO2 photocatalysts active under near visible light , 2008 .

[14]  C. Tsakiroglou,et al.  Highly efficient nanocrystalline titania films made from organic/inorganic nanocomposite gels , 2004 .

[15]  Y. Kaneko,et al.  High visible-light photocatalytic activity of nitrogen-doped titania prepared from layered titania/isostearate nanocomposite , 2007 .

[16]  Xiujian Zhao,et al.  The effects of synthesis temperature on the structure and visible-light-induced catalytic activity of F–N-codoped and S–N-codoped titania , 2008 .

[17]  Yanguang Wang,et al.  Significant effect of lanthanide doping on the texture and properties of nanocrystalline mesoporous TiO2 , 2004 .

[18]  D. Birnie,et al.  1H and 13C NMR observation of the reaction of acetic acid with titanium isopropoxide , 1999 .

[19]  Jinlong Zhang,et al.  Photocatalytic Oxidation of Ethylene to CO2 and H2O on Ultrafine Powdered TiO2 Photocatalysts in the Presence of O2 and H2O , 1999 .

[20]  H. Gies,et al.  Investigation of Proton Dynamics within the Hydrogen-Bond Network of the Layer Silicate Na−RUB-18 , 2002 .

[21]  Zou Bing-suo,et al.  STRUCTURAL, ELECTRONIC STATE CHARACTERIZATION AND PROPERTIES OF COATED TiO 2 NANOPARTICLES , 1996 .

[22]  V. Murugesan,et al.  Photocatalytic decomposition of leather dye: Comparative study of TiO2 supported on alumina and glass beads , 2002 .

[23]  Xiaoting Hong,et al.  Photocatalytic degradation of phenol in aqueous nitrogen-doped TiO2 suspensions with various light sources , 2005 .

[24]  G. Shi,et al.  Preparation and photoelectrocatalytic activity of ZnO nanorods embedded in highly ordered TiO(2) nanotube arrays electrode for azo dye degradation. , 2008, Journal of hazardous materials.

[25]  Feng Yang,et al.  Preparation and photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2 derived from hydrolysis condensation with TX-100 as template , 2006 .

[26]  M. Aramendía,et al.  Synthesis, characterization and photocatalytic activity of different metal-doped titania systems , 2006 .

[27]  H. Kisch,et al.  Visible-light photocatalysis by modified titania. , 2002, Chemphyschem : a European journal of chemical physics and physical chemistry.

[28]  Jianhui Sun,et al.  Photocatalytic degradation of Orange G on nitrogen-doped TiO2 catalysts under visible light and sunlight irradiation. , 2008, Journal of hazardous materials.

[29]  L. Erickson,et al.  Synthesis of visible-light-active TiO2-based photocatalysts by carbon and nitrogen doping , 2008 .

[30]  M. Paganini,et al.  Nitrogen-doped and nitrogen-fluorine-codoped titanium dioxide. Nature and concentration of the photoactive species and their role in determining the photocatalytic activity under visible light” , 2009 .

[31]  R. Asahi,et al.  Visible-Light Photocatalysis in Nitrogen-Doped Titanium Oxides , 2001, Science.

[32]  R. W. Fessenden,et al.  Photoelectrochemistry in particulate systems. 4. Photosensitization of a titanium dioxide semiconductor with a chlorophyll analog , 1986 .

[33]  Jiaguo Yu,et al.  Effects of F- Doping on the Photocatalytic Activity and Microstructures of Nanocrystalline TiO2 Powders , 2002 .