New Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test norms of normal observers for each year of age 5–22 and for age decades 30–70

Aims: To provide normative data for chromatic discrimination on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 hue test particularly for observers under 23 years of age. Methods: Normal observers were screened for congenital colour vision deficiencies using the Ishihara test leaving 382 observers. Results: New total error score (TES) norms (means and 95th percentiles) are presented for each year of age from 5–22 and for 10 year age groups from the 30s to the 70s. These norms are presented as actual values (TES) and also as square root values (√TES). Other data include partial error scores for red-green and blue-yellow axes discrimination. Conclusion: This study provides the most detailed set of normative data to date. The data are also in agreement with other reports of chromatic discrimination, showing that the performance in this task varies as a U-shape function with age, the best being achieved at 19 years of age.

[1]  J D Victor,et al.  Evaluation of poor performance and asymmetry in the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test. , 1988, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[2]  A model for the observer on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test. , 1993, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[3]  D. Edgar,et al.  Acquired colour vision defects in glaucoma—their detection and clinical significance , 1999, The British journal of ophthalmology.

[4]  P. Kinnear,et al.  Proposals for scoring and assessing the 100-Hue test. , 1970, Vision research.

[5]  R. Lakowski THE FARNSWORTH-MUNSELL 100-HUE TEST* , 1971 .

[6]  B J Craven A method for increasing the scoring efficiency of the Farnsworth‐Munsell 100‐Hue test , 1997, Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians.

[7]  R. Gunkel,et al.  Color vision and age in a normal North American population , 1991, Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology.

[8]  R. Kälviäinen,et al.  Color vision in epilepsy patients treated with vigabatrin or carbamazepine monotherapy. , 2000, Ophthalmology.

[9]  V C Smith,et al.  Color-axis determination on the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test. , 1985, American journal of ophthalmology.

[10]  J. Dichgans,et al.  Color vision tests for early detection of antiepileptic drug toxicity , 1997, Neurology.

[11]  B J Craven A second box-end scoring artifact in the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test. , 1993, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science.

[12]  S. Drance,et al.  A study of colour vision in ocular hypertensives. , 1972, Canadian journal of ophthalmology. Journal canadien d'ophtalmologie.

[13]  G VERRIEST,et al.  Further studies on acquired deficiency of color discrimination. , 1963, Journal of the Optical Society of America.

[14]  A Uvijls,et al.  A new assessment of the normal ranges of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test scores. , 1982, American journal of ophthalmology.

[15]  K. Knoblauch,et al.  Variation of chromatic sensitivity across the life span , 2001, Vision Research.