The involvement of the Arabidopsis CRT1 ATPase family in disease resistance protein-mediated signaling

Resistance (R) gene-mediated immunity provides plants with rapid and strain-specific protection against pathogen infection. Our recent study using the genetically tractable Arabidopsis and turnip crinkle virus (TCV) pathosystem revealed a novel component, named CRT1 (compromised for recognition of the TCV CP), that is involved in general R gene-mediated signaling, including that mediated by HRT, an R gene against TCV. The Arabidopsis CRT1 gene family contains six additional members, of which two share high homology to CRT1 (75 and 81% a.a. identity); either CRT1 or its closest homolog restore the cell death phenotype suppressed by crt1. Analysis of single knock-out mutants for CRT1 and its closest homologs suggest that each may have unique and redundant functions. Here, we provide insight into the screening conditions that enabled identification of a mutant gene despite the presence of functionally redundant family members. We also discuss a potential mechanism that may regulate the interaction between CRT1 and R proteins.

[1]  L. Noël,et al.  Role of SGT1 in resistance protein accumulation in plant immunity , 2006, The EMBO journal.

[2]  D. Baulcombe,et al.  Elicitor-Mediated Oligomerization of the Tobacco N Disease Resistance Protein[W][OA] , 2005, The Plant Cell Online.

[3]  Ken Shirasu,et al.  RAR1 and NDR1 Contribute Quantitatively to Disease Resistance in Arabidopsis, and Their Relative Contributions Are Dependent on the R Gene Assayed Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.001032. , 2002, The Plant Cell Online.

[4]  A. Bogdanove,et al.  Understanding the functions of plant disease resistance proteins. , 2003, Annual review of plant biology.

[5]  Xin Li,et al.  R protein activation: another player revealed. , 2008, Cell Host and Microbe.

[6]  J. Dangl,et al.  Antagonistic Control of Disease Resistance Protein Stability in the Plant Immune System , 2005, Science.

[7]  P. Schulze-Lefert,et al.  RAR1 Positively Controls Steady State Levels of Barley MLA Resistance Proteins and Enables Sufficient MLA6 Accumulation for Effective Resistance , 2004, The Plant Cell Online.

[8]  D. Klessig,et al.  CRT1, an Arabidopsis ATPase that interacts with diverse resistance proteins and modulates disease resistance to turnip crinkle virus. , 2008, Cell host & microbe.

[9]  S. Dinesh-Kumar,et al.  Correction: A Novel Role for the TIR Domain in Association with Pathogen-Derived Elicitors , 2016, PLoS biology.

[10]  I. Somssich,et al.  Nuclear Activity of MLA Immune Receptors Links Isolate-Specific and Basal Disease-Resistance Responses , 2007, Science.

[11]  Jonathan D. G. Jones,et al.  Nuclear Accumulation of the Arabidopsis Immune Receptor RPS4 Is Necessary for Triggering EDS1-Dependent Defense , 2007, Current Biology.

[12]  Jonathan D. G. Jones,et al.  Arabidopsis RAR1 Exerts Rate-Limiting Control of R Gene–Mediated Defenses against Multiple Pathogens Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.001040. , 2002, The Plant Cell Online.

[13]  T. Eulgem,et al.  Arabidopsis SGT1b Is Required for Defense Signaling Conferred by Several Downy Mildew Resistance Genes Article, publication date, and citation information can be found at www.plantcell.org/cgi/doi/10.1105/tpc.001123. , 2002, The Plant Cell Online.

[14]  J. Parker,et al.  Different requirements for EDS1 and NDR1 by disease resistance genes define at least two R gene-mediated signaling pathways in Arabidopsis. , 1998, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America.

[15]  J. Dangl,et al.  Cytosolic HSP90 associates with and modulates the Arabidopsis RPM1 disease resistance protein , 2003, The EMBO journal.

[16]  Hideki Takahashi,et al.  Single amino acid alterations in Arabidopsis thaliana RCY1 compromise resistance to Cucumber mosaic virus, but differentially suppress hypersensitive response-like cell death , 2006, Plant Molecular Biology.

[17]  M. Inouye,et al.  GHKL, an emergent ATPase/kinase superfamily. , 2000, Trends in biochemical sciences.

[18]  H G Kang,et al.  A glucocorticoid-inducible transcription system causes severe growth defects in Arabidopsis and induces defense-related genes. , 1999, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[19]  J. Dangl,et al.  A high-throughput method for quantifying growth of phytopathogenic bacteria in Arabidopsis thaliana. , 2002, The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology.

[20]  D. Klessig,et al.  Members of the Arabidopsis HRT/RPP8 Family of Resistance Genes Confer Resistance to Both Viral and Oomycete Pathogens , 2000, Plant Cell.