The modelling of integrated optical power splitters and switches based on generalised Mach–Zehnder devices

Integrated power splitters and switches are useful components in optical communication systems and optical integrated circuits. They have the advantages of robustness, ease of fabrication and low excess loss. In this paper a new matrix model for configurable power splitters based on the generalised Mach–Zehnder principle is presented. The model is then extended to encompass also the design of a class of optical switch.