Basic Concepts and Historical Overview

Cryptography is the science of transforming, or encoding, information into a form non-comprehensible for anyone who does not know an appropriate key. In such forms information can be securely transferred via any communication channel or stored in data archives with its access restricted or even forbidden (for one reason or another). Cryptography is a part of a broader discipline called cryptology, which includes also so-called cryptanalysis—the art of breaking codes (ciphers), i.e., regaining the content of encrypted messages without an authorized access to the decryption keys.

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