Impacts of SPM/XPM on distributed Raman amplified multispan systems at identical nonlinear phase shift

The influences of self-phase modulation (SPM) and cross-phase modulation (XPM) on Raman amplified multispan systems with periodic dispersion compensation (DC) are numerically investigated at identical nonlinear phase shift. The results show that compared with lumped amplification, distributed amplification tends to enhance the SPM/XPM-induced penalties provided per span complete DC is used. However, these performance differences can be canceled out by means of optimal dispersion managements. Useful guidelines for optimizing the dispersion maps of Raman amplified systems are demonstrated.

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